Overview
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability, labelled as CVE-2025-47998, which affects Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). As one of the most widely used services on Windows servers, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of millions of systems worldwide. The severity of this vulnerability is amplified by the fact that it allows for the remote execution of arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-47998
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Microsoft Windows Server | 2019, 2022
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the way the Windows RRAS processes certain types of network packets. When a specially crafted packet is sent to the RRAS server, it triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. This overflow can overwrite certain portions of the heap, allowing the attacker to control the execution flow of the program and eventually execute arbitrary code.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual representation of a malicious network packet that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:
POST /RRAS/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "buffer": "A"*5000 } // overflow the heapIn this example, the attacker sends a POST request with an unusually large data packet (“buffer”: “A”*5000), designed to overflow the heap buffer of the RRAS service.
Mitigation and Prevention
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor-supplied patches as soon as they become available. In the meantime, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and block potential exploit attempts. Regular audits of network traffic and system logs can also aid in early detection of any suspicious activity.