CVE-2025-46411: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in The Biosig Project libbiosig

Overview

The Biosig Project libbiosig, a vital component in the medical informatics field, is vulnerable to a significant security flaw identified as CVE-2025-46411. This vulnerability exposes the MFER parsing functionality to a stack-based buffer overflow attack. By exploiting this flaw, an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary code on the affected system, leading to substantial damages, including system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly severe due to its high CVSS score and the widespread use of The Biosig Project libbiosig in various medical applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46411
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Local access with specially crafted MFER file
Privileges Required: User level
User Interaction: Required to open the malicious file
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0
The Biosig Project libbiosig | Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. The attacker crafts an MFER file with malicious content designed to overflow the buffer and inject arbitrary code into the system. When this file is opened in an affected system, the malicious content is executed, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access or cause damage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode provides a conceptual idea of how the exploit may theoretically be carried out:

# Pseudocode for malicious MFER file
def malicious_mfer_file():
buffer = create_buffer(1024)  # Create buffer with normal capacity
payload = create_payload(2048)  # Create payload larger than buffer capacity
buffer.insert(payload)  # Insert payload into buffer, causing overflow
return buffer

This pseudocode presents a simple form of a buffer overflow attack. The payload size exceeds the buffer capacity, leading to overflow and potential execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation Measures

Users of The Biosig Project libbiosig are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch that addresses this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, users can employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures against potential exploits. Additionally, users should exercise caution when opening any files from untrusted sources, as they may contain malicious content.