CVE-2025-45858: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability found in TOTOLINK A3002R

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, every software vulnerability is a potential entry point for malicious hackers. One of these vulnerabilities, discovered in the TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404, has been identified as CVE-2025-45858. This is a severe command injection vulnerability that has a major impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can potentially compromise the system and leak sensitive data, leading to grave security threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45858
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002R | v4.0.0-B20230531.1404

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an input validation error in the FUN_00459fdc function of the TOTOLINK A3002R. When an attacker sends specially crafted data to this function, it fails to validate the input properly and allows the data to be executed as a command. This command injection vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands in the context of the application, leading to a full system compromise or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, we are assuming a POST request is used to send malicious data to a vulnerable endpoint in the device.

POST /FUN_00459fdc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.totolink.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "rm -rf /; # " }

In the above example, the malicious_payload data “rm -rf /; #” is an example of a dangerous command that, if executed, would delete all files in the system. An attacker would likely use a more sophisticated command to gain persistence or exfiltrate data.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If this is not possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can potentially detect and block the malicious traffic exploiting this vulnerability. Additionally, all unnecessary services and functions should be disabled, and strong, unique passwords should be used for all accounts.