Overview
CVE-2025-45845 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that has been identified in TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703. This vulnerability is primarily linked with an authenticated stack overflow, which can be triggered via the ‘ssid5g’ parameter in the ‘setWiFiEasyGuestCfg’ function. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it could potentially expose the system to compromise, or lead to data leakage, causing significant harm to the users of the affected devices.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-45845
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (user privileges required)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK NR1800X | V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability is exploited when an authenticated user sends a malformed request to the ‘setWiFiEasyGuestCfg’ function, containing an oversized ‘ssid5g’ parameter. This triggers a stack buffer overflow, which can lead to execution of arbitrary code or cause the system to crash, potentially leading to information disclosure, system compromise, or denial of service.
Conceptual Example Code
The following conceptual HTTP request illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:
POST /setWiFiEasyGuestCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Authorization: Basic [Base64 credentials]
ssid5g={ "malicious_payload": "A"*1024 }In this example, a malicious user sends an authenticated POST request to the ‘setWiFiEasyGuestCfg’ function, with an oversized ‘ssid5g’ parameter, causing a stack overflow.
Recommendations
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meanwhile, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent exploitation of the vulnerability. Furthermore, users should also consider limiting the exposure of the affected systems to the internet and restrict the privileges of users who have access to these systems.