Overview
CVE-2025-44635 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability identified in several series of H3C routers. The vulnerability allows hackers to bypass authentication protocols, inject malicious commands, and obtain root-level privileges on the targeted remote devices, thereby gaining complete control over them. With CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, this vulnerability puts a vast amount of data and systems at risk, necessitating immediate attention and remediation.
The vulnerability is particularly significant because it affects a wide range of H3C routers used by businesses and organizations globally. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences such as system compromise and data leakage, making it a paramount concern for cybersecurity teams.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-44635
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise / Data Leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
H3C ER2200G2, ERG2-450W, ERG2-1200W, ERG2-1350W, NR1200W series routers | before ERG2AW-MNW100-R1117
H3C ER3100G2, ER3200G2, ER3260G2, ER5100G2, ER5200G2, ER6300G2, ER8300G2, ER8300G2-X series routers | before ERHMG2-MNW100-R1126
H3C GR-1800AX | before MiniGRW1B0V100R009L50
H3C GR-3000AX | before SWBRW1A0V100R007L50
H3C GR-5400AX | before SWBRW1B0V100R009L50
How the Exploit Works
The exploit takes advantage of unauthorized remote command execution vulnerabilities in H3C routers. Attackers can bypass authentication by including specially crafted text in the request URL or message header. They can then inject arbitrary malicious commands into some fields related to ACL access control list and user group functions. These commands are executed to obtain the highest ROOT privileges of remote devices, thereby completely taking over the remote target devices.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this example is purely hypothetical and simplified for illustrative purposes.
POST /command_execution HTTP/1.1
Host: target.router.com
Content-Type: application/text
{ "command": "echo 'crafted_text' | sudo -u root /bin/sh -c 'malicious_command'" }In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the command execution endpoint of the targeted router. The malicious command is embedded in the ‘crafted_text’, which when processed by the router, leads to execution of the ‘malicious_command’ as a root user. This allows the attacker to gain full control over the target device.