Overview
A critical vulnerability has been detected in the TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525 that poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of the system. The vulnerability, termed as CVE-2025-4462, is associated with a buffer overflow condition that arises from an unknown processing function of the file /boafrm/formWsc. This vulnerability affects a wide range of users and organizations that use this product, and due to its critical nature, it is crucial to address this promptly to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-4462
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK N150RT | 3.4.0-B20190525
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability originates from a buffer overflow condition in the /boafrm/formWsc file processing operation. A buffer overflow happens when more data is written to a buffer than it can handle, causing the excess data to overflow into adjacent memory space. In this case, the manipulation of the argument localPin leads to a buffer overflow. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by an attacker without requiring any user interaction or privileges. Consequently, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request where the attacker sends excessive data in the ‘localPin’ argument, causing a buffer overflow:
POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
localPin=111111111111111111111111...............In the above example, the ‘localPin’ argument is filled with an excessive amount of data, which the buffer cannot handle, leading to a buffer overflow.
Mitigation and Recommendations
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating all software and systems, practicing good cybersecurity hygiene, and maintaining a proactive approach to security can help prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities.