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CVE-2025-41433: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) MRF ALG Profile Vulnerability

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Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-41433 is a critical flaw that affects Message Routing virtual servers when a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message routing framework (MRF) application layer gateway (ALG) profile is configured. This vulnerability matters because it can potentially cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41433
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Message Routing Virtual Server | All versions before vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the SIP MRF ALG profile. When a malicious, undisclosed request is sent to the Message Routing virtual server, it can cause the TMM to terminate unexpectedly. This termination could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a SIP INVITE request:

INVITE sip:target@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP attacker.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
To: <sip:target@example.com>
From: "Attacker" <sip:attacker@attacker.com>;tag=1928301774
Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Contact: <sip:attacker@attacker.com>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: ...
v=0
o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 attacker.com
s=-
c=IN IP4 target.example.com
t=0 0
m=audio 6000 RTP/AVP 0
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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