Overview
This report discusses a significant cybersecurity vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-4130, affecting the PAVO Pay system by PAVO Inc. The vulnerability revolves around the use of hard-coded credentials, leading to unauthorized access of sensitive constants within an executable. This issue is of critical importance due to its potential to compromise systems and leak confidential data.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-4130
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
PAVO Pay | Before 13.05.2025
How the Exploit Works
The exploit works by exploiting the hard-coded credentials in PAVO Pay. By discovering these built-in credentials, malicious actors can gain unauthorized access to sensitive constants within an executable. This could potentially lead to system compromise or sensitive data leakage as the attacker may gain high-level access to system functions and data.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability can be exploited:
POST /pavo/pay HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_username",
"password": "hardcoded_password"
}In this case, the `hardcoded_username` and `hardcoded_password` are the built-in credentials used in PAVO Pay. By sending a HTTP request with these credentials, an attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access to the system.
Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate this vulnerability, users of PAVO Pay are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Regular security audits and vulnerability scanning are also crucial to ensure the continuous safety of the system.
