Overview
The world of cybersecurity is in a constant state of flux, with new vulnerabilities discovered and old vulnerabilities patched on a regular basis. One such recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-3993, poses a significant threat to users of the TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This vulnerability is classified as critical and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited. The issue affects unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formWsc, and the manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is essential that affected users take immediate action to mitigate its risks.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-3993
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
No phone number, email, or personal info required.
Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK N150RT | 3.4.0-B20190525
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability exists due to a buffer overflow issue in the processing of the /boafrm/formWsc file. It is triggered when an oversized, specially crafted ‘submit-url’ argument is supplied, which the software fails to handle correctly. This can lead to memory corruption, causing erratic program behavior, crashes, or potentially, code execution. The attack can be initiated remotely and does not require any user interaction.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the exploit might be used. Please note that this is a simplified version, meant for illustrative purposes.
POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=[malicious_payload]In the above example, the ‘malicious_payload’ is a string that exceeds the expected length, which causes the buffer overflow.
Mitigation Guidance
Users affected by this vulnerability are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block any suspicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint.
It’s important to note that while using a WAF/IDS can help to protect against known attack patterns, it is not a permanent solution and cannot guarantee full protection against potential exploits. As such, the application of vendor patches should not be delayed.