Overview
The CVE-2025-30749 vulnerability is a critical security flaw affecting Oracle Java SE and GraalVM Enterprise Edition products. This vulnerability is particularly sinister due to the potential for an unauthenticated attacker to exploit it and compromise systems, leading to potential system takeover or data leakage. Given the widespread use of these Oracle products, the risk and potential impact of this vulnerability are immense. It is therefore crucial for businesses and individuals to understand the nature of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and the necessary mitigation steps.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-30749
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System takeover or data leakage
Affected Products
Escape the Surveillance Era
Most apps won’t tell you the truth.
They’re part of the problem.
Phone numbers. Emails. Profiles. Logs.
It’s all fuel for surveillance.
Ameeba Chat gives you a way out.
- • No phone number
- • No email
- • No personal info
- • Anonymous aliases
- • End-to-end encrypted
Chat without a trace.
Product | Affected Versions
Oracle Java SE | 8u451, 8u451-perf, 11.0.27, 17.0.15, 21.0.7, 24.0.1
Oracle GraalVM for JDK | 17.0.15, 21.0.7, 24.0.1
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition | 21.3.14
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the 2D component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. It can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols. The attacker can leverage this flaw to load and run untrusted code, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets. This vulnerability does not apply to Java deployments in servers that load and run only trusted code.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical scenario based on the nature of the vulnerability:
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class MaliciousApplet extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("malicious_command");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}In this example, a malicious applet is created that uses the Runtime.getRuntime().exec() function to execute a malicious command when loaded by a Java sandbox environment.
Prevention and Mitigation Measures
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, users can opt for temporary mitigation measures such as Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). These systems can help detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. However, they are not foolproof and should not be considered a complete solution. It is also advisable to limit the loading and running of untrusted code wherever applicable.