Overview

This report uncovers a severe vulnerability, CVE-2025-2111, found in the Insert Headers And Footers plugin for WordPress. The vulnerability affects all plugin versions up to, and including, 3.1.1. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to compromise the system and leak data, thereby posing a substantial threat to WordPress site administrators and users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2111
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Insert Headers And Footers WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 3.1.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from missing or incorrect nonce validation in the ‘custom_plugin_set_option’ function, making it susceptible to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. Unauthenticated attackers can potentially exploit this by sending a forged request to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. If an attacker can trick a site administrator into performing an action, such as clicking on a link, they can change the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration. Consequently, attackers can gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site. To exploit this vulnerability, the ‘WPBRIGADE_SDK__DEV_MODE’ constant must be set to ‘true’.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=ihaf_insertion&ihaf_nonce= CSRF_TOKEN HTTP/1.1
Host: targetwordpresssite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data={ "ihaf_insert_header": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>", "ihaf_insert_header_priority": "1" }

In this example, the attacker is sending a forged POST request to the ‘ihaf_insertion’ endpoint, which changes the header of the website to include malicious code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately to remediate this vulnerability. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. In the long term, implementing robust CSRF protections and nonce validation can help prevent similar vulnerabilities.