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CVE-2025-20312: Denial of Service Vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE Software’s SNMP Subsystem

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Overview

This report delves into a substantial vulnerability located within the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS XE Software. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-20312, could potentially enable an authenticated, remote attacker to instigate a Denial of Service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This issue is of significant importance due to its impact on system availability, its potential for system compromise, and the risk of data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20312
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated Access Required)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Cisco IOS XE Software | SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from improper error handling when parsing a specific SNMP request. An attacker, given authenticated access, could exploit this vulnerability by sending a uniquely crafted SNMP request to the target device. Successful exploitation could cause the device to reload unexpectedly, leading to a Denial of Service condition and potential further compromise of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation of a malicious SNMP request:

snmpset -v:3 -u:valid_user -l:authPriv -a:MD5 -A:auth_password -x:DES -X:priv_password target_IP_address .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0 x "malicious_string"

In this example, the `snmpset` command is used to send an SNMP request to the target’s IP address. The `-v:3` flag specifies the SNMP version, and `-u:valid_user`, `-a:MD5`, `-A:auth_password`, `-x:DES`, and `-X:priv_password` are used to authenticate the request. `.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0` is the Object Identifier (OID), and `x “malicious_string”` represents the malicious payload. A successful execution of this command could trigger the vulnerability and cause the targeted device to restart, thereby inducing a DoS condition.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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