Overview
The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with countless vulnerabilities, each posing a unique threat to systems and data. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-1731, is a recently discovered flaw that presents a serious risk to enterprises currently using uOS firmware versions V1.20 through V1.31 in the USG FLEX H series. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its potential to enable an attacker to escalate their privileges, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability lies within the PostgreSQL commands and is due to an incorrect permission assignment that may be exploited by an authenticated local attacker with low privileges. This vulnerability is critical as it allows a malicious actor to gain access to the Linux shell, craft malicious scripts, or modify system configurations with administrator-level access using a stolen token, posing a significant threat to business continuity and data integrity.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-1731
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
USG FLEX H Series uOS Firmware | V1.20 through V1.31
How the Exploit Works
The exploit is based on the incorrect permission assignments in the PostgreSQL commands. An authenticated local attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability by crafting malicious scripts or modifying system configurations with administrator-level access through a stolen token. The improperly assigned permissions can be manipulated, allowing the attacker access to the Linux shell. From here, they can escalate their privileges, enabling them to modify the system configuration, provided the administrator has not logged out and the token remains valid.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual representation of the potential exploitation of this vulnerability:
# Obtain the token
token=$(curl -s -d "user=low_privilege_user&pass=low_privilege_pass" http://localhost/login)
# Use the token to access the Linux shell
curl http://localhost/shell -H "Authorization: Bearer $token"
# Execute malicious script or modify system configuration
echo "malicious command" | sudo -S bashPlease note that this is a conceptual representation of the potential exploitation and is not intended to be a working exploit.
Mitigation Guidance
As a temporary measure, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities. However, it is strongly recommended that all users of the affected versions of the USG FLEX H Series uOS Firmware apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability.
Cybersecurity threats such as these are a constant reminder of the importance of staying updated with security patches and implementing robust security measures to protect your systems and data.