CVE-2025-10443: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC9 and AC15

Overview

The CVE-2025-10443 is a severe vulnerability identified in two routers, Tenda AC9 and AC15, specifically in the versions 15.03.05.14/15.03.05.18. This vulnerability is of paramount importance for the cybersecurity community due to its potential high impact. This vulnerability can lead to a buffer overflow, which, if exploited, could lead to serious consequences including remote system compromise and data leakage.
Users of the affected devices need to be aware of the severity of this vulnerability and the potential risks it poses to their systems. The exploit is publicly available, which increases the likelihood of potential attacks and abuse by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10443
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC9 | 15.03.05.14, 15.03.05.18
Tenda AC15 | 15.03.05.14, 15.03.05.18

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/exeCommand. The exploitation occurs when an attacker manipulates the argument cmdinput, leading to a buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, leading to full system compromise. The attack can be performed remotely over the network, without requiring any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /goform/exeCommand HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cmdinput=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... {continue with "A" until buffer overflows}

In the above conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint on the target router. The cmdinput parameter is filled with a long string of “A”s designed to overflow the buffer, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. If patches are not yet available, users can implement temporary mitigation measures by deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block potential exploitation attempts.
As a long-term strategy, users should ensure they regularly update their systems with the latest patches and updates from the vendor. It’s also recommended for users to monitor their systems for any unusual activities as a precautionary measure.