Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-0080: Tapjacking/Overlay Attack Leads to Local Escalation of Privilege

    Overview

    CVE-2025-0080 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability that exploits an overlay attack to compromise system security. The affected systems are susceptible to local escalation of privilege without requiring additional execution privileges. This vulnerability is particularly critical because it does not necessitate user interaction for exploitation. Therefore, every entity that relies on the affected systems should prioritize its mitigation to avoid a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-0080
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Local Escalation of Privilege leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    [Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
    [Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
    (Note: In the absence of concrete data about the affected products and versions, it is impossible to fill in this section accurately.)

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by taking advantage of insecure handling of user interface overlay within the affected systems. The attacker can overlay the installation confirmation dialog with a malicious one, tricking the system into granting higher privileges. This is referred to as a tapjacking/overlay attack and can be executed without requiring any additional execution privileges or user interaction.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of the vulnerability, this would likely be exploited through a malicious application with overlay permissions. Here’s a conceptual pseudocode example:

    public void overlayAttack() {
    if (checkOverlayPermission()) {
    Window maliciousDialog = createMaliciousDialog();
    maliciousDialog.show();
    }
    }
    public boolean checkOverlayPermission() {
    // Check if the application has permission to create overlays
    ...
    }
    public Window createMaliciousDialog() {
    // Create a dialog that mimics the installation confirmation dialog
    ...
    }

    In this conceptual example, a malicious application checks if it has the overlay permissions. If it does, it creates a malicious dialog that mimics the installation confirmation dialog and shows it to the user. The user, believing they are interacting with a legitimate dialog, unknowingly grants escalated privileges to the attacker.

  • CVE-2025-23315: Code Injection Vulnerability in NVIDIA NeMo Framework

    Overview

    The NVIDIA NeMo Framework across all platforms has been found to harbor a significant vulnerability in the export and deploy component. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-23315, can potentially enable an attacker to inject malicious code into the system. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it can lead to several harmful outcomes including code execution, escalation of privileges, information leakage, and even data tampering.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-23315
    Severity: High (7.8)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise, data leakage, privilege escalation, and data tampering.

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All versions prior to the patched release

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability resides in the export and deploy component of the NVIDIA NeMo Framework. An attacker can craft malicious data which, when processed by the export and deploy component, leads to a code injection issue. This malicious code, once injected, could potentially be executed by the system. Execution of this code can lead to a variety of security compromises, including escalation of privileges, data leakage, or data tampering.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /nemo/export/deploy HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    {
    "malicious_payload": "exploit_code_here"
    }

    In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the target system with a malicious payload that contains the exploit code. If the system processes this request, the code injection issue could occur, leading to potential system compromise.

  • CVE-2025-23314: Code Injection Vulnerability in NVIDIA NeMo Framework’s NLP Component

    Overview

    This report details a significant vulnerability found in the NVIDIA NeMo Framework affecting all platforms. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-23314, resides within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) component and is susceptible to a code injection attack. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized code execution, privilege escalation, data disclosure, and data tampering, posing a severe threat to data integrity and confidentiality.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-23314
    Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.8
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, data tampering

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    A malicious actor could manipulate data input to the NLP component of the NVIDIA NeMo Framework. By carefully crafting this data, the attacker can inject malicious code that gets executed within the application context. This code execution could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to perform tasks beyond their access level. Additionally, the exploit could enable information disclosure, leading to data leakage, and allow data tampering, compromising the integrity of the affected system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual code example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /NLP/process HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "data": "regular_input; malicious_code_here;" }

    In the above example, the malicious actor sends a POST request containing regular input data followed by their malicious code. Since the NLP component does not properly validate or sanitize the input, the malicious code gets executed.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could offer temporary protection against potential exploitation. These systems should be configured to detect and block suspicious activities potentially related to this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-23313: Critical Vulnerability in NVIDIA NeMo Framework Leads to Potential System Compromise

    Overview

    A serious vulnerability has been discovered in NVIDIA’s NeMo Framework that affects all platforms. Identified as CVE-2025-23313, this flaw exists in the NLP component and could potentially allow an attacker to perform a code injection. The vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its wide impact, with successful exploitation leading not just to code execution but also to privilege escalation, information disclosure, and data tampering.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-23313
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage, and unauthorized escalation of privileges

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NVIDIA NeMo | All Versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the NLP component of NVIDIA’s NeMo Framework. By crafting malicious data, an attacker can inject code into the system. Once this malicious code is executed, it allows the attacker to escalate their privileges, access sensitive information, and potentially tamper with data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation and should not be taken as a literal exploit:

    POST /nvidia/nemo/vulnerable/NLP HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "Injected_Code_Here" }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable NLP endpoint with a malicious payload, which represents the injected code. Once this request is processed by the server, the injected code would be executed, leading to the potential exploits described above.

    Mitigation

    NVIDIA has released a patch to address this vulnerability, and it is recommended that all users apply this patch immediately. If patching is not immediately possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious traffic exploiting this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-23312: Code Injection Vulnerability in NVIDIA NeMo Framework

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-23312 is a high-risk vulnerability found in the NVIDIA NeMo Framework used across various platforms. This exploit allows an attacker to inject malicious code into the retrieval services component of the system. This vulnerability is critical as it can potentially lead to unauthorized code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and data tampering.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-23312
    Severity: High (7.8)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and data tampering

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All Versions

    How the Exploit Works

    An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can manipulate the data processed by the retrieval services component of NVIDIA NeMo Framework. By creating and transmitting specially crafted data to this component, the attacker can cause a code injection. This, in turn, could lead to execution of arbitrary code, escalation of privileges, or even data tampering within the affected system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is represented in a form of a malicious payload transmitted via an HTTP POST request:

    POST /retrieval-service HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "'; DROP TABLE users;--" }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a malicious SQL command that if executed, would result in the deletion of the ‘users’ table from the database.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary protection against potential exploits.

  • CVE-2025-23307: Code Injection Vulnerability in NVIDIA NeMo Curator

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-23307 vulnerability is a significant threat to all platforms running NVIDIA NeMo Curator. This vulnerability, involving a potential code injection via a malicious file, can lead to catastrophic consequences such as system compromise, data leakage, and escalation of privileges. It is crucial for organizations to understand and mitigate this risk to protect their systems and data.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-23307
    Severity: High (7.8)
    Attack Vector: File-based
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NVIDIA NeMo Curator | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by creating a malicious file that is then processed by NVIDIA NeMo Curator. Due to an oversight in security measures, this malicious file can allow for code injection into the system. Once the code is injected, it can execute unauthorized commands, leading to escalated privileges, data tampering, and information disclosure.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode illustrates a basic example of how the exploit might work:

    def create_malicious_file():
    return {
    "malicious_code": "payload that executes unauthorized commands"
    }
    def exploit(target):
    malicious_file = create_malicious_file()
    target.process_file(malicious_file)

    In this conceptual example, a malicious file is created and then processed by the target system (NVIDIA NeMo Curator). The processing of the malicious file results in code injection, potentially leading to unauthorized command execution and other negative effects.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users of NVIDIA NeMo Curator are strongly urged to apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate the effects of this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, this is only a temporary solution and can’t replace the need for a vendor-provided security patch. It’s recommended to apply patches as soon as they become available.

  • CVE-2025-1994: Local Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability in IBM Cognos Command Center

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-1994 vulnerability exposes IBM Cognos Command Center to potential system compromises or data leakages. This vulnerability affects versions 10.2.4.1 and 10.2.5 of the software and allows a local user to execute arbitrary code on the system. The vulnerability is due to the unsafe use of the BinaryFormatter function, which is a crucial concern for enterprises that rely on IBM Cognos Command Center for their operations.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-1994
    Severity: High (7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to arbitrary code execution

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM Cognos Command Center | 10.2.4.1
    IBM Cognos Command Center | 10.2.5

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability arises from the insecure use of the BinaryFormatter function in IBM Cognos Command Center. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious code into the system. When the software uses the BinaryFormatter function, the malicious code is executed, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The malicious payload is injected at the point where the BinaryFormatter function is used.

    // Assume this is a vulnerable endpoint in the application
    public void ExecuteCommand(string command)
    {
    BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
    // User input is directly passed to the BinaryFormatter function
    // This is where an attacker could pass in a malicious payload
    binaryFormatter.Serialize(memoryStream, command);
    // Execute the command
    ExecuteSerializedCommand(memoryStream.ToArray());
    }

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating software and enforcing secure coding practices can also help prevent such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-53419: Code Injection Vulnerability in Delta Electronics COMMGR

    Overview

    The cybersecurity community has recently identified a significant code injection vulnerability in Delta Electronics COMMGR, assigned to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2025-53419. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, significantly impacting organizations using the affected software. It’s a matter of urgency for affected users to apply mitigations and prevent possible cyber-attacks.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53419
    Severity: High (7.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Delta Electronics COMMGR | All versions prior to the latest patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit operates by injecting malicious code into the COMMGR software. This code injection vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload. It essentially provides the attacker with the ability to manipulate the system’s functions, potentially leading to complete system compromise or sensitive data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of this vulnerability might look something like this:

    POST /commgr/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "inject": "malicious_code_here" }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a malicious payload (“malicious_code_here”) that the vulnerable software inadvertently executes.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To remediate this vulnerability, all users of Delta Electronics COMMGR are advised to apply the latest vendor patch. If this is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation. These measures can help detect and block exploit attempts, providing an additional layer of protection until the patch can be applied. However, these are not long-term solutions, and patching the affected software should be prioritized.

  • CVE-2025-9380: Hard-coded Credentials in FNKvision Y215 CCTV Camera

    Overview

    The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9380 is a serious security flaw affecting FNKvision Y215 CCTV cameras. This vulnerability has an impact on the functionality of the file /etc/passwd of the component firmware, leading to the exposure of hard-coded credentials. With local access, attackers can exploit this vulnerability, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-9380
    Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    FNKvision Y215 CCTV Camera | 10.194.120.40

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability stems from the hard-coded credentials in the /etc/passwd file of the camera’s firmware. As such, an attacker with local access can exploit these credentials to gain unauthorized access to the system. The attacker can manipulate or extract data, compromise the system, or conduct other malicious activities.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of the vulnerability, a potential exploit may involve a shell command that accesses the /etc/passwd file. Note that this is a conceptual example and might not work verbatim.

    # Obtain local access
    ssh user@10.194.120.40
    # Navigate to /etc/passwd
    cd /etc/passwd
    # Exploit hard-coded credentials
    cat /etc/passwd

    Mitigation

    The optimal solution is to apply a patch from the vendor. However, the vendor has not yet responded to this disclosure. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and prevent unauthorized access, thereby reducing the risk of a successful exploit. Additionally, it’s recommended to change all default passwords and regularly update them to further secure the system.

  • CVE-2025-52094: Insecure Permissions Vulnerability in PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040

    Overview

    This report provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-52094 vulnerability, a critical security flaw that affects PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040. The vulnerability is of particular concern because it allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code, which could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-52094
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    PDQ Smart Deploy | V.3.0.2040

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-52094 vulnerability arises from insecure permissions in the HKLMSYSTEMSetupSmartDeploy component of PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040. This flaw allows a local attacker with low privileges to execute arbitrary code. The attacker can manipulate the insecure permissions to compromise the system and potentially leak data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    # pseudo code to exploit insecure permissions
    def exploit(target):
    # Access the HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy component
    component = target.get_component("\HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy")
    # Execute arbitrary code
    component.execute("arbitrary_code")

    In this hypothetical example, the attacker first accesses the insecure \HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy component. After gaining access, the attacker can then execute arbitrary code to compromise the system and potentially leak data.

    Recommended Mitigations

    The best mitigation approach to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help to detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.

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