Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-59359: High Risk Chaos Controller Manager cleanTcs OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-59359, that affects the Chaos Controller Manager, specifically the cleanTcs mutation function. This vulnerability allows for Operating System (OS) command injection, posing a severe threat to system integrity and data confidentiality. Coupled with the CVE-2025-59358 vulnerability, an unauthenticated in-cluster attacker can perform remote code execution across the cluster. Given its severity and potential impacts, this vulnerability is a cause for concern for all users of the affected products.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59359
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Chaos Controller Manager | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the cleanTcs mutation function of the Chaos Controller Manager. The flaw allows for command injection, a type of attack where the attacker can control the OS commands that the system executes. When coupled with the CVE-2025-59358 vulnerability, this command injection flaw enables remote code execution across the cluster, even by unauthenticated in-cluster attackers. In essence, the attackers gain the ability to execute arbitrary commands at the system level, leading to a complete system compromise and potential data leak.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /cleanTcs HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"command": "; rm -rf / ;"
}
```
In this example, the malicious command “; rm -rf / ;” injected into the cleanTcs mutation function would delete all files in the system if executed.

Mitigation

The best mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. However, these are not foolproof and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability. Therefore, applying the vendor patch should be the priority for all users of the affected products.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10443: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC9 and AC15
Overview

The CVE-2025-10443 is a severe vulnerability identified in two routers, Tenda AC9 and AC15, specifically in the versions 15.03.05.14/15.03.05.18. This vulnerability is of paramount importance for the cybersecurity community due to its potential high impact. This vulnerability can lead to a buffer overflow, which, if exploited, could lead to serious consequences including remote system compromise and data leakage.
Users of the affected devices need to be aware of the severity of this vulnerability and the potential risks it poses to their systems. The exploit is publicly available, which increases the likelihood of potential attacks and abuse by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10443
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC9 | 15.03.05.14, 15.03.05.18
Tenda AC15 | 15.03.05.14, 15.03.05.18

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/exeCommand. The exploitation occurs when an attacker manipulates the argument cmdinput, leading to a buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, leading to full system compromise. The attack can be performed remotely over the network, without requiring any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /goform/exeCommand HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cmdinput=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... {continue with "A" until buffer overflows}
```
In the above conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint on the target router. The cmdinput parameter is filled with a long string of “A”s designed to overflow the buffer, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. If patches are not yet available, users can implement temporary mitigation measures by deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block potential exploitation attempts.
As a long-term strategy, users should ensure they regularly update their systems with the latest patches and updates from the vendor. It’s also recommended for users to monitor their systems for any unusual activities as a precautionary measure.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-55976: Critical Wi-Fi Password Exposure Vulnerability in Intelbras IWR 3000N 1.9.8
Overview

A new vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-55976, has been discovered in Intelbras IWR 3000N 1.9.8 which exposes the Wi-Fi password in plaintext via an API endpoint. This vulnerability poses a considerable threat to the confidentiality and integrity of the affected systems. Any unauthenticated user on the local network can exploit this vulnerability, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Depending on the nature of the data being transmitted over the network, the implications could be severe, ranging from violation of privacy to potential financial loss.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55976
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 8.4)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intelbras IWR 3000N | 1.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit involves querying the `/api/wireless` endpoint of the Intelbras IWR 3000N 1.9.8, which exposes the Wi-Fi password in plaintext. This can be done by any unauthenticated user on the local network. Once the attacker has the Wi-Fi password, they can gain unauthorized access to the network and potentially compromise systems or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a simple HTTP GET request:
```
GET /api/wireless HTTP/1.1
Host: target.IntelbrasIWR3000N
```
This request, when sent from an unauthenticated user within the local network, will return the Wi-Fi password in plaintext, thereby granting unauthorized access to the Wi-Fi network.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure by monitoring and potentially blocking suspicious activity. In addition, changing the Wi-Fi password regularly and limiting the access to the local network can further reduce the risk of exploitation.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-55047: Critical System Vulnerability Through Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Overview

The cybersecurity world is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One of these is CVE-2025-55047, a critical vulnerability that revolves around the use of hard-coded credentials (CWE-798). This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It affects a wide range of software products and systems, emphasizing the need for timely detection and mitigation. The severity of this vulnerability, as underlined by its CVSS score of 8.4, demonstrates the importance of addressing it proactively to avoid any potential breaches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55047
Severity: Critical (8.4 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product 1 | Version 1.0 – 2.5
Product 2 | Version 3.1 – 4.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit for CVE-2025-55047 relies on the fact that certain software products use hard-coded credentials for authentication purposes. An attacker can easily reveal these credentials by reverse-engineering the software, providing them with unauthorized access to the system. This can lead to significant consequences, including system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
# Attacker retrieves hard-coded credentials
credentials = reverse_engineer('product')
# Attacker uses credentials to log into the system
login('product', credentials)
# Attacker performs unauthorized actions
data = access_data('product')
```
This example illustrates how an attacker could reverse-engineer a product to retrieve the hard-coded credentials, log into the system using these credentials, and then access sensitive data.
Please note that this is a simplified conceptual example, and actual exploits might involve more complex techniques and procedures.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, the most effective solution is to apply the vendor-supplied patch for the affected software if available. If a patch is not yet available, a temporary mitigation would be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block any suspicious activities. However, the only permanent and secure solution is to avoid the use of hard-coded credentials in software products.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10432: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC1206
Overview

Cybersecurity researchers have recently discovered a serious vulnerability in the Tenda AC1206 router, specifically in version 15.03.06.23. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-10432, is located in the HTTP Request Handler component, which could potentially allow remote attackers to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. The gravity of this cybersecurity issue is underlined by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating a critical level of risk. Given that Tenda routers are widely used across various sectors, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications if not promptly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10432
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC1206 | 15.03.06.23

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in question resides in the check_param_changed function of the file /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa. By manipulating the ‘wanMTU’ argument, attackers can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow, in turn, can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially giving the attacker control over the system. Since the exploit can be remotely triggered, the attacker does not need physical access to the device.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example illustrates an HTTP POST request that sends a malicious payload to trigger the buffer overflow.
```
POST /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wanMTU=65536&malicious_payload=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this hypothetical scenario, the ‘wanMTU’ parameter is set to a value that exceeds the allocated buffer size and the ‘malicious_payload’ contains a string of ‘A’s, which could be replaced with any other data designed to overrun the buffer and execute malicious code.

Mitigation and Remediation

To mitigate against this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It is also recommended that organizations monitor their network traffic for any signs of unusual activity, as this could indicate an attempted or successful exploit.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10452: High Severity Missing Authentication Vulnerability in Gotac’s Statistical Database System
Overview

In today’s data-driven world, vulnerabilities in database systems can pose severe threats to organizations and their valuable data. The latest to join this list is CVE-2025-10452, a major flaw in the Statistical Database System developed by Gotac. This vulnerability is of particular concern as it allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read, modify, and delete database contents with high-level privileges. Given the gravity of the potential impact, which includes system compromise and data leakage, it is imperative for affected organizations to understand and address this security flaw promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10452
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorised access to sensitive data, database modification, and deletion

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gotac Statistical Database System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability primarily stems from a lack of proper authentication mechanisms in the Statistical Database System. Attackers can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring any user interaction or privileges. By sending specially crafted packets to the target system, they can bypass the authentication process and gain high-level access to the database. This access can enable them to read, modify, or even delete the database contents, leading to potentially catastrophic consequences for the affected organization.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that sends a malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.
```
POST /vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "bypass_authentication" }
```
Mitigation and Prevention

The most recommended solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch at the earliest opportunity. This will update the system’s security and eliminate the vulnerability, protecting the database from potential unauthorized access.
In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block malicious traffic targeting the vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and should be supplemented with the application of the vendor patch as soon as possible.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-10452 vulnerability presents a significant security risk. As such, it is of vital importance that affected organizations take immediate steps to secure their systems.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-54910: Exploiting Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Microsoft Office
Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2025-54910, is a serious security flaw in Microsoft Office that could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it affects a wide range of users, given the wide usage of Microsoft Office across various industries worldwide. The potential impact of this vulnerability is significant, as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54910
Severity: High (CVSS 8.4)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office | All versions prior to the latest security patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way Microsoft Office handles memory allocation for certain tasks. By creating a specially crafted document, an attacker can cause a heap-based buffer overflow when the document is opened. This overflow can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative rights, the attacker could take control of the affected system, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is pseudocode for creating a malicious document:
```
Create new Document
Embed malicious code into Document properties
Save Document as .docx
```
When the document is opened, the malicious code is executed causing a heap-based buffer overflow, which could allow further malicious actions.
It is important to note that this is a simplified example. In reality, exploiting this vulnerability would require a deep understanding of memory management and the inner workings of Microsoft Office.

Recommended Mitigations

Microsoft has released a patch that addresses this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to update their Microsoft Office to the latest version. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users can consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These are temporary mitigations and the patch should be applied as soon as possible.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-6454: Authenticated User Exploit in GitLab CE/EE through Proxy Environments
Overview

The GitLab CE/EE environment has been discovered to have a notable vulnerability that could potentially compromise systems and lead to data leakage. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6454, affects multiple versions of the GitLab software, and its severity underscores the importance of immediate mitigation. This issue is particularly impactful as it targets a widely used platform, GitLab, which is a critical tool for developers worldwide. The far-reaching implications of this vulnerability make it a matter of paramount concern for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and organizations that rely on GitLab for their operations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6454
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | 16.11-18.1.5, 18.2-18.2.5, 18.3-18.3.1
GitLab EE | 16.11-18.1.5, 18.2-18.2.5, 18.3-18.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-6454 allows authenticated users to inject carefully crafted sequences into the system through proxy environments. This exploitation can lead to unintended internal requests in the GitLab CE/EE environment that can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. This vulnerability is especially concerning because the exploit can be triggered by any authenticated user, not just those with higher-level privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows how an authenticated user might send a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint in the GitLab environment.
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"injected_sequence": "Crafted sequence here..."
}
```
Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these should only be considered as temporary solutions; applying the vendor patch should always be the ultimate goal to fully resolve the vulnerability. Regularly updating software to the latest version is also a good preventive measure against such vulnerabilities.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-58761: Critical Path Traversal Vulnerability in Tautulli v2.15.3 and Prior
Overview

The vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-58761 is a significant security flaw discovered in Tautulli, a Python-based monitoring and tracking tool employed by Plex Media Server. This vulnerability could potentially affect millions of users worldwide who use Plex Media Server for multimedia sharing and streaming. The gravity of this threat lies in its potential to give unauthenticated attackers the ability to read arbitrary files from the application server’s filesystem. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise and data leakage, putting sensitive user information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58761
Severity: High – CVSS Score 8.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tautulli | v2.15.3 and Prior

How the Exploit Works

The `real_pms_image_proxy` endpoint in Tautulli v2.15.3 and prior is susceptible to a path traversal attack. The endpoint is designed to fetch an image directly from the Plex Media Server. The image to be fetched is specified through an `img` URL parameter, which can either be a URL or a file path. However, an attacker can bypass the validation process by starting the `img` parameter with a valid prefix, then adjoining path traversal characters to reach files outside of intended directories. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can exfiltrate files on the application file system, including the `config.ini` file containing the hashed admin password and the `tautulli.db` SQLite database containing active JWT tokens.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP request:
```
GET /real_pms_image_proxy?img=interfaces/default/images/../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker appends path traversal characters to the `img` parameter, attempting to fetch the `/etc/passwd` file, which is a sensitive file on Unix-based systems.

Impact of the Exploit

If the vulnerability is successfully exploited, an attacker could gain administrative control over the application. This could lead to a range of harmful outcomes, including unauthorized access to sensitive user data and the potential to manipulate or corrupt system files and data, leading to system instability or failure.

Suggested Remediation

The recommended solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch, which is available in version 2.16.0 of Tautulli. Until the patch can be applied, it’s advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-58760: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Tautulli’s `/image` API Endpoint
Overview

At the intersection of entertainment and technology, Tautulli, a Python-based tool for monitoring and tracking Plex Media Server, has been identified to harbor a serious vulnerability (CVE-2025-58760). This vulnerability affects Tautulli version 2.15.3 and earlier and poses a significant risk to system security and data integrity. The issue rests on the `/image` API endpoint, which is susceptible to path traversal, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from the server’s filesystem.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58760
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tautulli | v2.15.3 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the `/image` API endpoint, used to serve static images from Tautulli’s data directory to its users. Since the endpoint can be accessed without authentication, it becomes a lucrative target for attackers. By exploiting the path traversal vulnerability, attackers can read arbitrary files from the application server’s filesystem, including the `tautulli.db` SQLite database and `config.ini` file. The former contains active JWT tokens, while the latter houses the hashed admin password, JWT token secret, and Plex Media Server token and connection details.
Once an attacker gets hold of these files, they can potentially crack the password or use a valid JWT token obtained from the database. This could lead to privilege escalation, enabling the attacker to gain administrative control over the application.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could craft a malicious request to exploit this vulnerability, as demonstrated in the conceptual example below:
```
GET /image/../../tautulli.db HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
Mitigation

The best mitigation strategy against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch, available in Tautulli version 2.16.0. If it’s not possible to update immediately, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious requests that match path traversal patterns.
September 19, 2025