Author: Ameeba

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, the discovery of a new vulnerability is something that demands immediate attention and action. CVE-2025-7654, a recently discovered vulnerability, affects multiple FunnelKit plugins, including FunnelKit – Funnel Builder for WooCommerce Checkout and FunnelKit Automations – Email Marketing Automation and CRM for WordPress & WooCommerce. This vulnerability has the potential to expose sensitive user information, including authentication cookies, to attackers. Given the widespread usage of these plugins in numerous e-commerce websites, this vulnerability is significant and requires immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7654
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Contributor-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FunnelKit – Funnel Builder for WooCommerce Checkout | All versions prior to patch
FunnelKit Automations – Email Marketing Automation and CRM for WordPress & WooCommerce | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the wf_get_cookie shortcode of the FunnelKit plugins. It allows an authenticated attacker with contributor-level access to request and extract sensitive data, including authentication cookies of other site users. By obtaining these cookies, attackers can impersonate legitimate users and potentially escalate their privileges within the system. This could lead to unauthorized actions, including data leakage or full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a simplified, conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited through a HTTP request:

GET /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wf_get_cookie&user_id=TARGET_USER_ID HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: wordpress_logged_in_[hash]=attacker's_cookie

In this example, the attacker makes a GET request to the vulnerable endpoint, passing the targeted user’s ID as a parameter. The attacker’s session cookie is included in the request, which is then processed by the server, potentially returning the authentication cookies of the targeted user.
Please note that the exploitation of this vulnerability requires authenticated access to the target system. Therefore, the attacker would first need to gain some level of access, typically as a contributor, before they can leverage this vulnerability. This underlines the importance of strong password policies and user account management in mitigating the risk of such attacks.

Mitigation Guidance

In light of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply a vendor patch to the affected plugins as soon as possible. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied in a timely manner, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability, thereby reducing the risk of an attack.
In the long term, regular software updates, strong password policies, and stringent account management practices are key strategies to prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited.

Overview

In this blog post, we will discuss the recently identified CVE-2025-8218 vulnerability that exists in Real Spaces – WordPress Properties Directory Theme for WordPress. This flaw presents a highly critical issue as it allows an unauthenticated user to escalate their privileges, potentially gaining Administrator access, through a profile update. This vulnerability is not only a significant threat to the website’s integrity but can also lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a considerable risk to any organization or individual using this theme.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8218
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Real Spaces – WordPress Properties Directory Theme | All versions up to, and including, 3.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘change_role_member’ parameter of the theme. During a profile update, there is no restriction in the role selection, allowing an unauthenticated user to choose their role, including the Administrator role. This escalates their privileges, giving them access to sensitive data and control over the site.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified, conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a HTTP POST request:

POST /profile-update HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker&password=attackerpass&change_role_member=administrator

In this example, the attacker sends a profile update request, setting the ‘change_role_member’ parameter to ‘administrator’. This request, if successful, would escalate their privileges to that of an administrator, giving them control over the website.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. However, if this is not feasible for your organization, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.
In addition to these steps, it is recommended to regularly update all software and themes to their latest versions to protect against known vulnerabilities. Also, limiting the privileges of users and regularly monitoring user activities can help in early detection and prevention of such attacks.

Overview

This blog post delves into the critical security vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53192, which affects all versions of Apache Commons OGNL. This vulnerability, classified as an ‘Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters’ issue, has significant implications as it can potentially cause system compromise or data leakage. Due to the severity of this vulnerability, it is essential for those using the Apache Commons OGNL to understand the risks involved and the steps required for mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53192
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to arbitrary code execution.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Commons OGNL | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the OGNL engine of Apache Commons when using the API Ognl.getValue. Despite the OgnlRuntime’s effort to block certain dangerous classes and methods, the restrictions are not all-encompassing. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by leveraging class objects not covered by the blocklist, allowing for arbitrary code execution. As the project is retired, no fix will be released; hence, users are advised to find alternatives or restrict access to trusted users only.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability. The malicious payload is sent through a network request, which the vulnerable OGNL engine then interprets and executes potentially harmful commands.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS=#rt=java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime(),#rt.exec('arbitrary-command')" }

Recommended Mitigation

While there are no vendor-provided patches available due to the retirement of the project, it is recommended to apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation. Alternatively, users should consider migrating to a different, actively supported library that offers similar functionality as Apache Commons OGNL.

Overview

The cybersecurity realm is repeatedly facing new and evolving challenges. One such recent development pertains to the IBM Storage Virtualize versions 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7. A significant vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-36120, has demonstrated the potential to allow authenticated users to escalate their privileges through an SSH session. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the incorrect authorization checks involved in accessing resources. Systems administrators, cybersecurity professionals, and users of IBM Storage Virtualize should be aware of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and the steps necessary to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36120
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Storage Virtualize | 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the incorrect authorization checks in IBM Storage Virtualize. An authenticated user can initiate an SSH session and, due to the faulty authorization checks, escalate their user privileges. This escalation can provide the user with administrative rights, opening the door to unauthorized access to sensitive data or potentially compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This shell command is a representation, not an actual exploit code.

ssh user@target.system.com -t 'bash -i'
# After successful login
sudo -l
# If the system is vulnerable, it would allow the user to execute commands with sudo
sudo command-to-escalate-privileges

In this example, an authenticated user logs into the system via SSH. The user then checks if they can execute commands with sudo. If the system is vulnerable, the user would be allowed to run commands with escalated privileges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

IBM has recognized this vulnerability and issued a patch to correct the authorization checks. All users of IBM Storage Virtualize versions 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7 are strongly encouraged to apply this patch as soon as possible. In the interim, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions and can only serve as stopgap measures until the patch can be applied.

Overview

In this post, we will be shedding light on the recently discovered vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-55205. This vulnerability is present in Capsule, a multi-tenancy and policy-based framework for Kubernetes, and impacts versions up to and including 0.10.3. The severity of this vulnerability is high and it poses a significant threat to the fundamental security boundaries that Capsule is designed to enforce.
This vulnerability, if exploited, could allow authenticated tenant users to bypass multi-tenant isolation and potentially access cross-tenant resources. This could lead to system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing a critical risk to organizations using this framework.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55205
Severity: High (CVSS 9.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Capsule Kubernetes Framework | 0.10.3 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to an issue in the handling of namespace labels within the Capsule Kubernetes framework. An authenticated user can exploit this vulnerability by injecting arbitrary labels into system namespaces, such as kube-system, default, or capsule-system. This action bypasses the multi-tenant isolation, giving the attacker potential access to cross-tenant resources through TenantResource selectors.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that might be used to execute the attack.

POST /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer <token>
Content-Type: application/json
{ "metadata": { "labels": { "malicious_label": "injected_value" } } }

In this example, the attacker is making a POST request to the kube-system namespace, injecting a malicious label into the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The vulnerability has been fixed in Capsule version 0.10.4. Therefore, users are strongly recommended to update to this version or later as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used for temporary mitigation. Regularly monitoring system logs for any unusual activities or unauthorized access attempts can also help in early detection of potential threats.

Overview

This blog post outlines a critical cybersecurity vulnerability in the popular Minecraft server website software, NamelessMC, known as CVE-2025-54117. The vulnerability, identified as a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) issue, is found in versions of NamelessMC before 2.2.3. It has the potential to compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage, affecting both server owners and users. Given the widespread use of NamelessMC, understanding and addressing this vulnerability is of high importance to ensure the continued safety and security of Minecraft servers worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54117
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User-level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NamelessMC | Before 2.2.3

How the Exploit Works

The XSS vulnerability in NamelessMC exists because the software does not properly sanitize user input in the dashboard text editor component. This allows an authenticated user to inject arbitrary web scripts or HTML into the application. When this malicious script is executed in the browser of a victim, it can lead to various undesirable outcomes including stealing user sessions, defacing web sites, or even, potentially, remote code execution on the server.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a POST request with the malicious script as the payload:

POST /dashboard/text-editor HTTP/1.1
Host: targetminecraftserver.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "text": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>" }

This code, when executed in the browser of an unsuspecting user, could lead to a range of destructive actions, depending on the nature of the injected script.

Remediation and Mitigation

The vulnerability has been fixed in version 2.2.4 of NamelessMC. Users are strongly encouraged to update their software to this version or any later version to protect their systems. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk. These tools can help to detect and block malicious scripts before they reach the application.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a serious security vulnerability in the Aiven database migration tool, aiven-db-migrate. The vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-55283, is a privilege escalation vulnerability that enables the elevation to superuser inside PostgreSQL databases during a migration from an untrusted source server. The vulnerability is particularly significant because it can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, two outcomes that can have serious consequences for organizations that rely on the integrity and security of their databases.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55283
Severity: Critical (9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

aiven-db-migrate | Prior to 1.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the psql’s functionality of executing commands embedded in a dump from the source server. When aiven-db-migrate is used to migrate data from an untrusted source server, it opens up a potential attack vector for privilege escalation. An attacker could embed malicious commands in the dump which will be executed by psql during the migration, potentially leading to the attacker gaining superuser privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode describes the process of creating a dump with a malicious command embedded:

CREATE TABLE malicious_table AS SELECT pg_catalog.pg_ls_dir('..');
COPY (SELECT * FROM malicious_table) TO '/tmp/malicious_dump.sql';

In this pseudocode, a new table is created that executes a command to list the parent directory of the current directory. The output of this command is then copied to a dump file. When this dump is imported during a migration, the command will be executed, potentially leading to privilege escalation.

Mitigation

The vulnerability has been fixed in version 1.0.7 of aiven-db-migrate. Therefore, users are strongly advised to update to this version or later. If updating is not immediately possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can potentially detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving domain of cybersecurity, it is imperative for organizations to stay up-to-date with the latest vulnerabilities and ensure their systems are safeguarded effectively. The recently identified Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) CVE-2025-55282 pertains to aiven-db-migrate, an Aiven database migration tool widely used across various sectors. This vulnerability allows a user to escalate their privileges to that of a superuser inside PostgreSQL databases during a migration from an untrusted source server. The threat this poses is significant, with potential consequences including system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55282
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

aiven-db-migrate | Prior to 1.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-55282 vulnerability exploits a lack of search_path restriction in the Aiven database migration tool. By manipulating this, an attacker can override pg_catalog, which is the system catalog schema of PostgreSQL. This manipulation allows the attacker to execute untrusted operators as a superuser, thereby escalating their privileges within the PostgreSQL database. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even complete system control.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a SQL query:

BEGIN;
SET search_path TO untrusted_schema, pg_catalog;
CREATE OPERATOR untrusted_schema.= (PROCEDURE = texteq, LEFTARG = text, RIGHTARG = text);
COMMIT;

In the above pseudocode, the attacker sets the search_path to include the untrusted schema and then creates a new operator in this schema that could potentially run malicious code or commands.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to update the Aiven database migration tool to version 1.0.7 or later, where the issue has been fixed. If for some reason updating is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Additionally, organizations should always ensure to follow best security practices, such as least privilege principle and regular security audits, to prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a high-risk vulnerability in the Real Spaces – WordPress Properties Directory Theme for WordPress. This vulnerability, assigned ID CVE-2025-6758, could potentially allow unauthenticated attackers to escalate their privileges during user registration, up to and including the Administrator role. This flaw, present in all versions of the theme up to and including 3.6, presents a serious threat to all websites utilizing this theme due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6758
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS v3 score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Real Spaces – WordPress Properties Directory Theme | Up to and including 3.6

How the Exploit Works

The ‘imic_agent_register’ function in the Real Spaces – WordPress Properties Directory Theme for WordPress is designed to permit user registration. However, this function is flawed as it does not have a feature to restrict the registration role that can be chosen by the unauthenticated users. This lack of restriction makes it possible for attackers to arbitrarily select their role during user registration, including the Administrator role, giving them unauthorized access rights and control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:

POST /wp-admin/user-new.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
role=administrator&user_login=attacker&email=attacker%40example.com&first_name=&last_name=&website=&pass1=attackerspassword&pass1-text=attackerspassword&pass2=attackerspassword&pw_weak=true&action=createuser&_wpnonce_create-user=malicious_payload

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to help protect against potential exploitation. These protections should be configured to monitor for and block suspicious user registration attempts. It is also recommended to regularly backup and encrypt sensitive data and ensure that users only have the access levels that they need to perform their tasks.

Overview

In the modern digital landscape, the security of communication channels is of paramount importance. Cryptographic protocols such as mTLS (mutual TLS) are used to ensure the confidentiality and authenticity of these channels. VaulTLS is a widely-used solution for managing mTLS certificates. However, a critical vulnerability coded as CVE-2025-55299 has been discovered in versions of VaulTLS prior to 0.9.1 which can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. This issue affects a broad range of organizations and individuals using VaulTLS for mTLS certificate management and hence, warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55299
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.4)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VaulTLS | All versions prior to 0.9.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the fact that user accounts created through the User web UI in VaulTLS versions prior to 0.9.1 have an empty but not NULL password set. This allows attackers to log in using an empty password. The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that disabling the password-based login only affected the frontend, leaving the API accessible. An attacker can leverage this oversight to log in via the API, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Please note that this is a simulated representation and not actual exploit code:

POST /api/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "victim_username", "password": "" }

In the above example, an attacker sends a POST request to the /api/login endpoint with a legitimate username and an empty password. If the system is vulnerable, it will authenticate the request and grant the attacker access.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of VaulTLS are advised to immediately upgrade to version 0.9.1 or later where this vulnerability has been fixed. In cases where immediate upgrade is not feasible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. This can help detect and prevent unauthorized login attempts. However, this should be considered a stop-gap measure and not a permanent solution. The only definitive mitigation is to upgrade the affected software to a version where this vulnerability has been patched.