Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the TOTOLINK EX1200T up to version 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5910, affects an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formWsc, which is a component of the HTTP POST Request Handler. What makes this vulnerability particularly concerning is the fact that it can be exploited remotely, and the details of the exploit have already been made public. This means that potential attackers are more likely to exploit it, leading to a higher risk for users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5910
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | Up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a buffer overflow condition within the HTTP POST Request Handler’s handling of the /boafrm/formWsc file. If an attacker crafts a malicious HTTP POST request with an oversized payload, it could overflow the buffer and cause undefined behavior in the system. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual attack may involve more complex payloads.

POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
param1=value1&param2=value2&...&paramN=very_long_string_exceeding_buffer_capacity

In the above example, `paramN` is the parameter that the attacker uses to overflow the buffer, where `very_long_string_exceeding_buffer_capacity` is a string that exceeds the capacity of the buffer.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply vendor provided patches as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures cannot fully protect against the vulnerability and are only intended as a stop-gap until the patch can be applied.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207, a popular networking device used by businesses and individuals globally. The vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-5904, impacts the function setWiFiMeshName of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi in the POST Request Handler component.
This vulnerability is especially concerning as it can be exploited remotely, exposing a large number of devices to potential attacks. The exploit, which has been publicly disclosed, can lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing significant risks to the security and integrity of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5904
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T10 | 4.1.8cu.5207

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the ‘device_name’ argument in the ‘setWiFiMeshName’ function. An attacker can remotely send a specially crafted POST request to the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi file, manipulating the ‘device_name’ argument. This manipulation can trigger a buffer overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using an HTTP request.

POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
device_name=[malicious_payload]

In the above example, [malicious_payload] would be replaced by an attacker with a specially crafted payload designed to trigger the buffer overflow.

Mitigation

The users of the affected versions of TOTOLINK T10 are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk by detecting and blocking malicious payloads targeting this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with a broad spectrum of vulnerabilities, and in this post, we will be delving into the critical buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5909. This vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK EX1200T versions up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. It poses a significant threat due to its critical severity score and its potential to be exploited remotely. This vulnerability matters because it can lead to a system compromise or possible data leakage, endangering the integrity of the network and the data it houses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5909
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an unknown function in the /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl file of the HTTP POST Request Handler component in TOTOLINK EX1200T. The attacker manipulates the buffer, causing it to overflow. This overflow can potentially cause erratic program behavior, leading to system crashes, incorrect outputs, and the execution of malicious code. As this vulnerability can be exploited remotely, it makes the attack vector even more threatening.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual HTTP POST request that demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"overflow_data": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..."
}

In the above example, the “overflow_data” key carries a payload that is larger than what the system buffer can handle, leading to a buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

As the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, it is imperative to apply a vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, providing some protection against potential exploitation attempts. Always remember, staying up-to-date with such vulnerabilities and their patches can make the difference between maintaining secure systems and falling victim to a cyber attack.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5903 is a critical vulnerability discovered in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207. This vulnerability is notable because it allows for a buffer overflow attack, which can lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage. This high-risk vulnerability poses a significant threat to any organization that relies on TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207 for their network operations. Because the exploit has been publicly disclosed, it’s crucial for users of the aforementioned product to apply patches and mitigate the risk promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5903
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T10 | 4.1.8cu.5207

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-5903 exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. The vulnerability resides in the manipulation of the ‘desc’ argument which can lead to a buffer overflow. This overflow can be exploited remotely, giving the attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code, compromise the system, or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how CVE-2025-5903 might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified and generic example.
“`http
POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
setWiFiAclRules=1&desc=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered within TOTOLINK EX1200T, specifically in versions up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5908, is of utmost significance as it directly impacts the HTTP POST Request Handler component, leading to a buffer overflow. The gravity of the situation is compounded by the fact that this exploit has been publicly disclosed and can be initiated remotely, thus posing a significant risk to all systems using the affected versions.
The repercussions of this vulnerability are grave, as it opens up the potential for system compromise and data leakage. Therefore, it is crucial for cybersecurity professionals and system administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5908
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | Up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s processing of the file /boafrm/formIpQoS. An attacker can manipulate this process to cause a buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a buffer than it can hold. This vulnerability allows an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary code or a Denial of Service (DoS) state.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

POST /boafrm/formIpQoS HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
payload=<Buffer overflow inducing payload here>

In this example, the malicious payload is designed to induce a buffer overflow in /boafrm/formIpQoS, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution or a system crash.

Mitigation Measures

The primary mitigation measure is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If the patch is not yet available, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regardless of the approach, it is necessary to take immediate action to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

The cyber landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities cropping up regularly. One such vulnerability that has become a cause of concern is the CVE-2025-5902, which affects TOTOLINK T10 routers. This critical flaw could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting all users of the vulnerable router version. Given its severity and how widespread these routers are, it’s crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and how to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5902
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T10 | 4.1.8cu.5207

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the setUpgradeFW function of the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi file. Specifically, the issue arises from the manipulation of the “slaveIpList” argument, which leads to a buffer overflow. This buffer overflow may be exploited by a malicious actor to execute arbitrary code on the device, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The exploit can be initiated remotely, meaning that an attacker doesn’t need physical access to the device to carry out the attack.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"slaveIpList": "A string longer than the buffer that causes an overflow..."
}

In this example, the “slaveIpList” argument is filled with a string that’s longer than the buffer can handle, causing it to overflow. This overflow can then be used to execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation

The best way to protect your systems from this vulnerability is to apply the patch released by the vendor. If for some reason you are unable to apply the patch immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer some temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability until the patch can be applied.
In the long term, it’s essential to keep your systems updated and patched against known vulnerabilities. Regular security audits can also help identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5907 is a critical vulnerability discovered in TOTOLINK’s EX1200T versions up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This vulnerability is a classified buffer overflow threat that affects the HTTP POST request handler within the /boafrm/formFilter file. As this vulnerability can be initiated remotely and has been publicly disclosed, it poses a significant risk to businesses that rely on the affected TOTOLINK device.
This vulnerability’s significance lies in its potential for system compromise and data leakage, which can lead to loss of sensitive data, financial losses, and reputational damage. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to understand this vulnerability and apply necessary mitigations promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5907
Severity: Critical (8.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | Up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a buffer overflow in the HTTP POST request handler of the /boafrm/formFilter file. This overflow happens when the system is manipulated with an excess of data that exceeds its capacity. When the buffer is overwhelmed, the extra data can overwrite adjacent memory locations, leading to erratic program behavior, system crashes, or potentially, the execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example showing how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious HTTP post request to the vulnerable endpoint. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploit code may vary.

POST /boafrm/formFilter HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "A"*5000 }

In this example, the “A”*5000 represents an overflow of data sent to the server, potentially leading to buffer overflow.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the absence of a patch or until it can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207, a widely-used software component, which could lead to severe security breaches including system compromise and data leakage if exploited. This vulnerability, classified as CVE-2025-5901, has a significant impact on the security of the systems running the vulnerable versions of the software. Due to the potential severity of this issue and the fact that the exploit has been publicly disclosed, it is of utmost importance that users, administrators and organisations take immediate measures to mitigate any potential risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5901
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T10 | 4.1.8cu.5207

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the Post Request Handler of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Specifically, it affects the UploadCustomModule function. An attacker can manipulate the File argument leading to a buffer overflow. Buffer overflow is a common type of security flaw where an application writes more data to a block of memory, or buffer, than it was intended to hold. In this case, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely without requiring any user interaction or special privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "File": "OVERFLOW_BUFFER_WITH_MALICIOUS_CODE" }

In this example, the “File” argument is manipulated with a payload that causes the buffer to overflow, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.

Mitigation

To protect against this vulnerability, users and administrators are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch for TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. In addition, organizations are encouraged to follow best security practices such as limiting access to critical systems and regularly updating and patching all systems.

Overview

CVE-2025-42982 is a critical vulnerability in SAP’s Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) system, which allows unprivileged users to gain access and initiate transactions. This vulnerability could lead to unauthorized modification or control of transmitted system credentials, threatening the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the application. It is a significant concern for organizations that rely on SAP GRC for managing their enterprise risks and complying with necessary regulations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-42982
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAP GRC | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the flawed access control in SAP GRC. A non-administrative user can exploit this vulnerability by initiating a transaction which should typically require administrative access. The system then processes the transaction as legitimate, allowing the unauthorized user to modify or control the transmitted system credentials. This could lead to system compromise or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following pseudocode which demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Unauthorized user attempts to initiate a transaction
command = 'initiate_transaction'
credentials = 'non-admin_user_credentials'
# System processes the transaction as legitimate
response = system.process(command, credentials)
# Unauthorized user gains control over transmitted system credentials
if response == 'transaction initiated':
malicious_command = 'modify_system_credentials'
system.process(malicious_command, credentials)

Impact

The impact of this vulnerability is significant. It allows an unprivileged user to manipulate or control system credentials, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of system availability, and violation of data integrity. Given the high CVSS score of 8.8, it is imperative that organizations address this vulnerability promptly to prevent potential system compromises.

Mitigation

SAP has released a patch to fix this vulnerability. We highly recommend that organizations apply this patch immediately to all affected systems. As a temporary mitigation, organizations may also consider deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. However, these measures should only be seen as temporary solutions until the patch can be applied.

Overview

This article discusses the CVE-2024-57190, a vulnerability discovered in versions of Erxes prior to 1.6.1. The vulnerability, classified as Incorrect Access Control, allows attackers to bypass authentication and potentially compromise the system or leak data. Given the severity of the vulnerability, it poses a significant threat to organizations using affected versions of Erxes. It’s therefore crucial to understand the vulnerability, its impact, and how to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-57190
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Erxes | <1.6.1 How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in Erxes. Specifically, an attacker can bypass the authentication mechanism by supplying a “User” HTTP header that contains any user. This allows the attacker to converse with any GraphQL endpoint, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information and system resources.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request includes a “User” HTTP header that falsely represents the attacker as a valid user.

GET /graphql-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
User: Attacker

In this example, the “User” header contains “Attacker”, which allows the attacker to bypass the authentication mechanism and access the GraphQL endpoint.

Mitigation

The best way to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. Users should upgrade to Erxes version 1.6.1 or later. If for some reason upgrading isn’t immediately possible, a temporary mitigation measure could involve using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block any suspicious activities. However, this should be seen as a temporary solution, as it doesn’t address the root cause of the vulnerability.
Organizations are strongly advised to follow a proactive approach to their cybersecurity strategy. Regularly updating and patching software can help prevent most common vulnerabilities.