Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-3542: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability in H3C Magic Series
Overview

Recently, a critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-3542, has been discovered in multiple H3C Magic devices. This vulnerability impacts the Magic NX15, Magic NX400, and Magic R3010 up to version V100R014. It is particularly concerning because the exploit can lead to command injection, which can potentially compromise the system or result in data leakage. Given that H3C Magic devices are widely used, this vulnerability has far-reaching implications and could potentially impact a vast number of networks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3542
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 8.0
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

H3C Magic NX15 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX400 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic R3010 | Up to V100R014

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization of user input in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s FCGI_WizardProtoProcess function. An attacker with access to the local network can exploit this weakness by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to the /api/wizard/getsyncpppoecfg endpoint, which can lead to command injection. This command injection can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /api/wizard/getsyncpppoecfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "; rm -rf /" }
```
In this hypothetical example, the attacker is injecting a command (`; rm -rf /`) that, if executed, would delete all files on the device’s filesystem. This is only a conceptual example and the actual malicious payload would likely be far more sophisticated.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these should not be considered a permanent solution, as they may not fully prevent the exploitation of this vulnerability.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-3541: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability in H3C Magic Series
Overview

Recently, a critical vulnerability has been discovered in the H3C Magic NX15, Magic NX30 Pro, Magic NX400, and Magic R3010 devices up to V100R014. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the systems within the local network. The flaw resides in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s function FCGI_WizardProtoProcess of the file /api/wizard/getSpecs, and it allows for command injection. Its public disclosure means that threat actors may be actively exploiting it, highlighting the urgent need for remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3541
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

H3C Magic NX15 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX30 Pro | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX400 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic R3010 | Up to V100R014

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the FCGI_WizardProtoProcess function of the /api/wizard/getSpecs file. By manipulating the HTTP POST Request Handler, an attacker can inject malicious commands into the system. This attack must be executed within the local network, indicating that the threat actor needs to have access to the same network as the target devices.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker sends a malicious HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /api/wizard/getSpecs HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "payload": "INJECTED_COMMAND_HERE" }
```
Here, `INJECTED_COMMAND_HERE` would be replaced with the actual malicious command aimed at compromising the system or exfiltrating data.

Remediation

To address this critical vulnerability, it is highly recommended to immediately apply the vendor-provided patch. In case updating is not possible immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. Regularly updating and patching systems is a crucial aspect of maintaining a robust security posture.
This vulnerability serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining a rigorous cybersecurity stance, including regular patching and updating of all systems and software.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-3540: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability in H3C Magic
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-3540 is a critical one that affects multiple versions of H3C Magic, including NX15, NX30 Pro, NX400, and R3010 up to V100R014. It is primarily located within the function FCGI_WizardProtoProcess of the file /api/wizard/getCapability and is associated with the HTTP POST Request Handler component. This vulnerability can lead to command injection attacks, potentially causing significant system compromise and data leakage. As the exploit is already disclosed to the public, it poses an increasing risk to the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3540
Severity: Critical (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

H3C Magic NX15 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX30 Pro | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX400 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic R3010 | Up to V100R014

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insufficient sanitization in handling HTTP POST Requests to the /api/wizard/getCapability endpoint. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary commands that the system subsequently executes, giving them the ability to manipulate the system or exfiltrate data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of the vulnerability being exploited might look like the following, where the “malicious_payload” is the injected command:
```
POST /api/wizard/getCapability HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "command": "; rm -rf /" }
```
In this example, the command “; rm -rf /” is injected, which, if executed, would delete all files in the system.

Recommended Mitigation

It is highly recommended to promptly apply the patch provided by the vendor. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious HTTP requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, the best defense against these types of vulnerabilities is to keep your systems updated and to follow best security practices.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-3539: Command Injection Vulnerability in H3C Magic Devices
Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-3539, has recently been discovered in several products under the H3C Magic series. This vulnerability, which carries a high CVSS severity score of 8.0, affects the H3C Magic NX15, Magic NX30 Pro, Magic NX400, Magic R3010, and Magic BE18000 up to version V100R014. Exploitation of this vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant threat to businesses and individuals using these devices.
The vulnerability lies in the function FCGI_CheckStringIfContainsSemicolon of the file /api/wizard/getBasicInfo, which is part of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. Notably, attackers can only exploit this vulnerability within a local network. Nonetheless, due to its critical level of severity and the potential impacts, it warrants urgent attention and immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3539
Severity: Critical (8.0)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

H3C Magic NX15 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX30 Pro | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic NX400 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic R3010 | Up to V100R014
H3C Magic BE18000 | Up to V100R014

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is an instance of command injection, where an attacker can manipulate the input of the FCGI_CheckStringIfContainsSemicolon function to execute arbitrary commands as part of the HTTP POST Request. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the malicious payload is sent via an HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /api/wizard/getBasicInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "input": "; malicious_command" }
```
In this example, the semicolon (;) is used to inject the malicious_command into the vulnerable function’s input, leading to command execution.

Mitigation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If this is not immediately possible, a temporary mitigation would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. However, it should be noted that these are only temporary measures and the vendor’s patch should be applied as soon as feasible.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-20229: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Splunk Enterprise and Cloud Platforms
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and patched on a regular basis. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-20229, has been identified in certain versions of Splunk Enterprise and Splunk Cloud Platform. This vulnerability allows a low-privileged user to perform a Remote Code Execution (RCE) exploit, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.
Splunk, a widely used platform for searching, monitoring, and examining machine-generated big data, is an attractive target for cybercriminals due to its extensive use in both small and large organizations. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it allows unauthorized users to execute arbitrary code on the system, potentially compromising the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20229
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Splunk Enterprise | Versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8
Splunk Cloud Platform | Versions below 9.3.2408.104, 9.2.2406.108, 9.2.2403.114, and 9.1.2312.208

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient authorization checks in the file upload functionality of Splunk. Specifically, the file upload to the “$SPLUNK_HOME/var/run/splunk/apptemp” directory does not properly validate the user’s permission level. Therefore, a low-privileged user, who does not hold the “admin” or “power” Splunk roles, can exploit this vulnerability by uploading a malicious file which can be executed on the server, leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE).

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes that the attacker has valid credentials for a low-privileged user and is using a crafted file to exploit the vulnerability:
```
$ curl -X POST -u low_priv_user:password -F 'file=@malicious_file' 'http://target.splunk.com:8000/en-US/splunk/var/run/splunk/apptemp'
```
In this example, `low_priv_user:password` are the credentials of the low-privileged user, `malicious_file` is the file containing the malicious code, and `target.splunk.com:8000` is the target Splunk server.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2024-21821: Arbitrary OS Command Execution Vulnerability in Multiple TP-LINK Products
Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, it’s essential to stay abreast of the latest threats and vulnerabilities. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-21821, poses a significant threat to multiple TP-LINK products, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands. TP-LINK, a globally renowned provider of networking devices and accessories, is widely used in both personal and professional settings, making this vulnerability particularly concerning.
The vulnerability affects all network-adjacent authenticated users with access to the product from the LAN port or Wi-Fi. If exploited successfully, it could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. As such, it’s crucial to be aware of this vulnerability, its impacts, and the measures needed to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21821
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TP-LINK AC1750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router | All versions pre-patch
TP-LINK TL-WR940N N450 Wireless N Router | All versions pre-patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw in the product’s network services that fail to properly sanitize user input. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker on the LAN or Wi-Fi to inject arbitrary OS commands into the system. These commands are then executed with high privileges, facilitating unauthorized actions that can lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how the exploit might work, consider this conceptual example of an HTTP request that an attacker might send:
```
POST /cgi-bin/toolbox/commands.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: tplink.router
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cmd=ping&target=;cat /etc/passwd
```
In this example, the `cmd` parameter in the POST data is intended for a ping command, but the attacker has appended an additional command (`cat /etc/passwd`) after a semicolon. This is a common command injection technique. If the system does not sanitize this input, it would execute both the ping command and the subsequent command to display the contents of the `/etc/passwd` file, potentially exposing sensitive user data.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-3200: Unauthenticated Remote Attacker Exploiting Insecure TLS Protocols
Overview

CVE-2025-3200 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exploit insecure TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 protocols. These outdated protocols, still used by the Com-Server and connected systems, can be manipulated to intercept and alter encrypted communications. Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, it is vital for organizations to take immediate action to prevent system compromise and data leakage.
The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences, potentially enabling an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even take control of the system. The issue is further intensified by the fact that the attacker doesn’t require any special privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3200
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Com-Server | All versions using TLS 1.0 and 1.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the insecure TLS 1.0 and 1.1 protocols used by Com-Server and connected systems. An attacker can intercept and manipulate the encrypted communications between these systems. This is primarily due to inadequate encryption standards and outdated security measures in these protocols, which do not effectively prevent eavesdropping or tampering by unauthorized entities.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack exploiting this vulnerability:
```
// Attacker intercepts the communication
GET /secure/data HTTP/1.1
Host: com-server.example.com
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: MaliciousUserAgent/1.0
// Attacker manipulates the intercepted data
POST /secure/data HTTP/1.1
Host: com-server.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Injected data or commands" }
```
In this example, the attacker first intercepts the communication between the Com-Server and the connected systems. Then, they manipulate the intercepted data by injecting malicious payloads or commands.

Mitigation Measures

The primary mitigation measure is applying the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. This patch is expected to update the TLS protocols to more secure versions, effectively eliminating the vulnerability. In the meantime, organizations can use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures.
Remember, the best defense against security vulnerabilities is a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Always ensure that your systems are upgraded with the latest security patches and protocols.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2024-20654: Microsoft ODBC Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability – A High-Level Threat
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities and exploits emerging on a regular basis. One such recent discovery is the CVE-2024-20654 vulnerability. This critical flaw is found in Microsoft’s Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver, a widely-used interface for accessing database systems. The vulnerability allows for remote code execution, posing a significant threat to any system that relies on the affected driver. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could potentially compromise an entire system or leak sensitive data. This blog post aims to shed light on this critical threat and provide guidance on how to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-20654
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft ODBC Driver | All versions prior to the patched release

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2024-20654 vulnerability is a remote code execution flaw in the Microsoft ODBC driver. This means an attacker can craft malicious SQL queries that, when processed by the ODBC driver, can execute arbitrary code on the target system. This code can run with the same privileges as the application using the ODBC driver, potentially leading to a full system compromise if that application runs with high-level privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified illustration and real-world exploits may vary in complexity:
```
POST /odbc_query HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/sql
{ "query": "SELECT * FROM users; -- [Insert malicious code here]" }
```
In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to an endpoint that uses the affected ODBC driver. The attacker appends malicious code to a standard SQL query. When the ODBC driver processes the query, it inadvertently executes the attacker’s code.

Remediation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the patch provided by Microsoft as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, you may temporarily mitigate the threat by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to filter out potentially harmful SQL queries. However, this should only be considered as a temporary solution, and applying the vendor patch should be prioritized.
Remember, staying updated with the latest cybersecurity threats and promptly applying patches are key to maintaining a secure and resilient system.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2025-4007: Critical Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda W12 and i24
Overview

A severe vulnerability, classified as critical, has been identified in Tenda W12 and i24, two popular devices that many businesses and individuals use for networking purposes. This cyber vulnerability, officially designated as CVE-2025-4007, impacts version 3.0.0.4(2887)/3.0.0.5(3644) of these devices. It is centered around the function cgidhcpsCfgSet of the file /goform/modules of the httpd component, leading to stack-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability is especially concerning because the exploit has been disclosed publicly, opening a potential door for cybercriminals to launch attacks remotely, compromising systems and leaking sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4007
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS Severity Score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887)/3.0.0.5(3644)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.4(2887)/3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the manipulation of the ‘json’ argument in the function ‘cgidhcpsCfgSet’ of the file ‘/goform/modules’ in the ‘httpd’ component. The manipulated ‘json’ argument leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow condition gives an attacker the ability to overwrite the intended data of the buffer, leading to the execution of arbitrary code, crashing the system, or causing a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request.
```
POST /goform/modules HTTP/1.1
Host: target-Tenda-device.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"json": "A"*5000 // Overly long string triggering buffer overflow
}
```
In this example, the overly long string “A”*5000 is sent as the ‘json’ argument. This string is long enough to trigger a buffer overflow, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code or crash the system.
Please note that this example is conceptual and not meant to be used for malicious activities. Always follow ethical cybersecurity practices.
May 3, 2025
CVE-2024-21648: XWiki Platform Rollback Action Vulnerability
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant vulnerability, CVE-2024-21648, in XWiki Platform. XWiki Platform is a widely used wiki platform that provides runtime services for a variety of applications. This vulnerability specifically pertains to the rollback function within the platform, which has been found to lack proper right protection measures. As a result, users can roll back to a previous version of the page and gain rights they no longer possess, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the wide usage of XWiki Platform, this vulnerability could have profound implications if not addressed promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21648
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

XWiki Platform | Versions prior to 14.10.17, 15.5.3, and 15.8-rc-1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the missing right protection in the rollback function of XWiki Platform. This allows a user to roll back a page to an earlier version, in which they had higher privileges. By doing so, they can regain access rights that had been previously revoked. The attacker could then potentially modify, delete, or disclose sensitive data, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the user sends a POST request to the rollback endpoint of a page where they used to have higher privileges.
```
POST /rollback HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [user_token]
{
"page_id": "[page_id]",
"version": "[old_version_number]"
}
```
In this example, the `page_id` represents the unique identifier of the page the user wants to roll back, and `version` represents the version number the user wants to roll back to. The server then processes the rollback without adequately checking if the user still has the necessary rights for that version, thus allowing privilege escalation.

Mitigation

Users of affected versions of XWiki Platform are advised to upgrade to versions 14.10.17, 15.5.3, or 15.8-rc-1, where the issue has been patched. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, implementing Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) rules to block or alert on suspicious rollback requests can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and upgrading to a patched version is strongly recommended.
May 3, 2025