Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-57293: Command Injection Vulnerability in COMFAST CF-XR11
Overview

A recently discovered critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-57293) has been identified in COMFAST CF-XR11 firmware V2.7.2, which is widely used in networking devices. This vulnerability, if exploited by malicious actors, can lead to unauthorized access of sensitive files, execution of arbitrary code, or a full device compromise. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its CVSS severity score of 8.8, indicating a high potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57293
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive files, arbitrary code execution, and full device compromise.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

COMFAST CF-XR11 | Firmware V2.7.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the multi_pppoe API which is processed by the sub_423930 function in /usr/bin/webmgnt. The phy_interface parameter is not sanitized, creating an opportunity for attackers to inject arbitrary commands via a POST request to /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET&section=multi_pppoe. When the action parameter is set to “one_click_redial”, the unsanitized phy_interface is used in a system() call, which then allows the execution of the malicious commands injected by the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This code represents a malicious HTTP POST request.
```
POST /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET&section=multi_pppoe HTTP/1.1
Host: target-device-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
action=one_click_redial&phy_interface=;malicious_command;
```
In the above example, `malicious_command` represents an arbitrary command injected by the attacker. The command is then executed as a result of the system call triggered by the “one_click_redial” action.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, the advised solution is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, helping to detect or block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Users are also recommended to monitor their system logs for any suspicious activity.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-48703: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in CWP Prior to 0.9.8.1205
Overview

The CVE-2025-48703 is a serious cybersecurity vulnerability that affects CWP (Control Web Panel) versions prior to 0.9.8.1205. The vulnerability allows for unauthenticated remote code execution via shell metacharacters in the t_total parameter in a filemanager changePerm request. This vulnerability is particularly significant as it allows potential attackers to compromise the system or cause data leakage, even without requiring root privileges. While the issue has been addressed in later versions, systems running older versions of CWP are still at risk, necessitating immediate action for mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48703
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Non-root user)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CWP (Control Web Panel) | Prior to 0.9.8.1205

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the t_total parameter in a filemanager changePerm request. By injecting shell metacharacters into this parameter, an attacker can execute arbitrary code on the server without needing to authenticate. This is made possible because the server doesn’t properly sanitize the inputs, allowing the shell metacharacters to be interpreted as commands. As it doesn’t require root privileges, any valid non-root username can be used to exploit this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified conceptual example, and actual attacks may be more complex.
```
POST /filemanager/changePerm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "validuser", "t_total": "1; rm -rf /" }
```
In this example, the t_total parameter contains a payload `1; rm -rf /`, where `1` is a legitimate value, followed by a semicolon, which in shell syntax denotes the end of a command and the beginning of a new one. The `rm -rf /` command is a destructive Unix command that deletes all files and directories from the root directory. This command would run with the privileges of the user specified in the username parameter.

Mitigation

Users are urged to update to the latest version of CWP, which has patched this vulnerability. For those who cannot immediately update, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, but they are not a long-term solution. The only definitive solution is to update the software to a version where the vulnerability has been fixed.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-57644: Critical Vulnerabilities Within Accela Automation Platform’s Test Script Feature
Overview

CVE-2025-57644 is a critical vulnerability that has been identified within the Accela Automation Platform version 22.2.3.0.230103. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it can be exploited by an authenticated administrative user, allowing them to execute arbitrary Java code on the server, leading to remote code execution. The severity of this vulnerability is further compounded by additional issues with improper input validation that can lead to arbitrary file write and server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks. These vulnerabilities not only pose a risk to the security of the server but can also lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data and further exploitation of the network.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57644
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (Admin Privileges)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full server compromise, unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential for further network exploitation.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Accela Automation Platform | 22.2.3.0.230103

How the Exploit Works

An authenticated administrative user can exploit vulnerabilities in the Test Script feature of the Accela Automation Platform. By executing arbitrary Java code on the server, the attacker can gain remote code execution capabilities. This allows the attacker to manipulate server functions, potentially leading to a full server compromise.
Furthermore, due to improper input validation, the attacker can also conduct arbitrary file write and SSRF attacks. This could allow the attacker to interact with internal or external systems, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data and providing a foothold for further network exploitation.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual demonstration of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious Java code payload:
```
public class Exploit {
public Exploit() {
try {
Runtime run = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process pr = run.exec("malicious_command");
pr.waitFor();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
```
Mitigation Guidance

Users are urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, utilizing a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It is also recommended to restrict network access to the affected systems and monitor these systems for any suspicious activity.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2023-49367: Kyocera Command Center RX EXOSYS M5521cdn User Interface Vulnerability
Overview

The CVE-2023-49367 is a serious cybersecurity vulnerability found in the user interface of the Kyocera Command Center RX EXOSYS M5521cdn. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information through the inspection of packages sent by users. Given its potential to compromise system security and leak data, it’s of paramount importance for businesses and individuals using this system to understand and mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49367
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kyocera Command Center RX EXOSYS M5521cdn | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is embedded in the user interface of the Kyocera Command Center RX EXOSYS M5521cdn. When a user sends packages through the system, an attacker can remotely inspect these packages and extract sensitive information. This information could then be used for malicious purposes such as unauthorized access, data theft, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited. This HTTP request could be used by an attacker to inspect packages sent by a user:
```
GET /user/package HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json
{ "package_id": "targeted_package_id" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a GET request for the package details of a specific package (“targeted_package_id”). If the system is vulnerable, it will return the details of the package, potentially revealing sensitive information.

Mitigation Strategies

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If unable to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring network traffic and blocking suspicious activities. It’s also recommended to regularly update and patch all software, and to educate users about the importance of cybersecurity and the risks associated with unpatched systems.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-5948: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Service Finder Bookings Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The CVE-2025-5948 vulnerability is a critical security flaw discovered in the Service Finder Bookings plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows for privilege escalation via account takeover, affecting all versions of the plugin up to and including 6.0. The flaw matters significantly as it allows for unauthenticated attackers to potentially login as any user, including admins, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
This vulnerability specifically affects WordPress sites utilizing the Service Finder Bookings plugin and has the potential to impact millions of businesses globally that depend on this platform for their online presence. Given the potential severity of this vulnerability, it’s crucial for any organization utilizing this plugin to take immediate steps to address this risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5948
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber privileges)
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Service Finder Bookings Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 6.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the plugin’s lack of proper user identity validation before claiming a business using the claim_business AJAX action. This lack of validation makes it possible for an unauthenticated attacker to log in as any user, including admins.
To complete the business takeover, the attacker would need subscriber privileges or to brute-force valid IDs. The claim_id is required to takeover the admin account, but brute-forcing is a practical approach to obtaining valid IDs.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of exploiting this vulnerability might look like the following pseudocode:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=claim_business HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "claim_id": "brute_force or known_valid_id", "user": "admin" }
```
In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, using either a brute-forced or known valid claim_id, and attempting to gain access as the ‘admin’ user.

Mitigation Guidance

Given the potential severity of this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, reducing the risk of a successful exploit.
Remember to always keep your WordPress plugins up-to-date and monitor your systems for any unusual or suspicious activity. Regular penetration testing and vulnerability assessments can further help identify and mitigate such vulnerabilities before they are exploited.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-10690: High-Risk Unauthorized File Upload Vulnerability in Goza – Nonprofit Charity WordPress Theme
Overview

The CVE-2025-10690 vulnerability is a potent security flaw that poses a significant threat to users of the Goza WordPress theme. This vulnerability, which affects all versions of the theme up to and including version 3.2.2, allows for unauthorized arbitrary file uploads. This flaw can lead to devastating consequences, potentially leading to full system compromise and data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability mandates immediate action and attention from both cybersecurity professionals and users of the affected theme.
The Goza – Nonprofit Charity WordPress Theme is widely used by numerous nonprofits and charities for their WordPress sites. This vulnerability, therefore, has far-reaching implications, potentially affecting a large number of users and organizations. The risk this vulnerability presents should not be underestimated, and immediate action should be taken to mitigate its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10690
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential full system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Goza – Nonprofit Charity WordPress Theme | Up to, and including, 3.2.2

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-10690 vulnerability arises due to a missing capability check on the ‘beplus_import_pack_install_plugin’ function in the Goza WordPress theme. This missing check allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files, including zip files containing malicious webshells, disguised as plugins. These can be uploaded from remote locations without authentication, providing the attacker with the ability to execute remote code on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /wp-content/themes/goza/beplus_import_pack_install_plugin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/zip
{ "file": "webshell.zip" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the ‘beplus_import_pack_install_plugin’ function, uploading a zip file (‘webshell.zip’) containing a malicious webshell. This webshell, once installed, gives the attacker the ability to execute remote code on the affected system, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, users of the affected Goza WordPress theme are urged to apply the latest vendor patch. As a temporary measure, users may also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These measures can help to block or detect malicious file uploads, reducing the potential impact of this vulnerability until a permanent solution can be implemented.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-54807: Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Device Firmware
Overview

We are delving into a critical vulnerability, labeled CVE-2025-54807, that poses a serious threat to the security of systems running on affected device firmware. This vulnerability arises from a hardcoded secret used for validating authentication tokens in the device firmware. If exploited, it allows an attacker to bypass authentication protocols, thus gaining unrestricted access to the system. Given the severity of the potential damage, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a priority for all users of the affected versions of firmware.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54807
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Complete system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Device Firmware | Version 1.0 to 3.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the hardcoded secret used for validating authentication tokens in the device firmware. The attacker who successfully obtains the signing key can use it to create valid authentication tokens at will. This allows the attacker to bypass the authentication process completely, gaining unrestricted access to the system. The attacker can then perform any action as if they were a legitimate user, including data theft, system compromise, or initiating further attacks from the compromised system.

Conceptual Example Code

An illustrative example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is given below:
```
# Assume the attacker has obtained the signing key "hardcoded_secret"
signing_key = "hardcoded_secret"
# The attacker crafts a malicious token with the signing key
malicious_token = jwt.encode({"role": "admin"}, signing_key, algorithm="HS256")
# The attacker can now make requests as an admin user
http_request = """
GET /sensitive_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer {}
""".format(malicious_token)
# Send the request...
```
This example demonstrates how an attacker can use the hardcoded signing key to craft malicious tokens, impersonating an admin user and gaining access to sensitive data.

Countermeasures and Mitigation

The most direct and effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching isn’t possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can detect and block suspicious activities, providing an additional layer of security. Additionally, it is recommended to regularly update and patch systems to prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-30519: Default Root Credentials Vulnerability in Dover Fueling Solutions ProGauge MagLink LX4 Devices
Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-30519 has been discovered. This vulnerability affects Dover Fueling Solutions ProGauge MagLink LX4 Devices, which are used extensively in the fueling industry. The primary concern stems from the fact that these devices have default root credentials that cannot be changed through standard administrative means. This makes them an easy target for attackers who can potentially gain administrative access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, placing it in the critical category. As the devices are used across a wide spectrum of the fueling industry, the impact of this vulnerability can be catastrophic. Therefore, understanding this vulnerability, its implications, and mitigation strategies is of utmost importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30519
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dover Fueling Solutions ProGauge MagLink LX4 | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The Dover Fueling Solutions ProGauge MagLink LX4 Devices come with default root credentials. Typically, an administrator should be able to change these credentials to secure the device. However, these devices do not provide an option to change the default root credentials via standard means.
An attacker with knowledge of these default credentials and network access to the device can gain root access. With this access, the attacker has complete control over the system, allowing them to manipulate data, alter system configurations, or even introduce malicious software.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability:
```
ssh root@target-device-ip
# The attacker enters the default root password
# Now the attacker has root access and can execute any command
echo 'Compromised' > /root/compromised.txt
```
This simplified example demonstrates an attacker using SSH to remotely access the device using the default root credentials, and then creating a file to symbolize the system compromise. In a real-world scenario, an attacker could perform much more damaging actions, such as changing system settings, extracting sensitive data, or deploying malware.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected devices are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until such a patch is released, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious traffic, serving as a temporary mitigation strategy. Furthermore, network isolation or segmentation should be considered to limit the access potential attackers may have to these devices.
Remember, cybersecurity is a constant journey, and staying informed is the key to staying secure.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-10035: Critical Deserialization Vulnerability in Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT
Overview

In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a common occurrence. However, what sets apart the ordinary from the critical is the potential impact and the scale of the affected systems. One such critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-10035 affects Fortra’s GoAnywhere Managed File Transfer (MFT) software. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its high severity score and the possibilities for system compromise and potential data leakage.
GoAnywhere MFT is widely used for secure file transfers, and a vulnerability in this system can have far-reaching implications, potentially affecting thousands of organizations across different sectors. The vulnerability lies in the License Servlet of the software, which could allow an attacker to deserialize an arbitrary object under their control, possibly leading to command injection.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10035
Severity: Critical (CVSS:10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the deserialization process in the License Servlet of Fortra’s GoAnywhere MFT. Deserialization is the process of converting a stream of bytes back into a copy of the original object. However, if not properly handled, it can be exploited by attackers to inject malicious payloads into the system.
In the case of CVE-2025-10035, an attacker with a validly forged license response signature can control the deserialization process. This control allows the attacker to inject arbitrary objects, which could potentially lead to command injection, enabling them to execute unauthorized commands or code on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request to the License Servlet with a malicious payload:
```
POST /LicenseServlet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "forged_license_signature": "valid_signature",
"malicious_object": "{serialized malicious object}" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the License Servlet with a forged license signature and a serialized malicious object. If the system deserializes this object, it leads to the execution of the attacker’s commands.
September 25, 2025
CVE-2025-59518: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in LemonLDAP::NG
Overview

CVE-2025-59518 is a critical vulnerability discovered in LemonLDAP::NG, a popular web Single Sign-On (SSO) software. The vulnerability allows for Operating System (OS) command injection, a high-risk exploit that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The concerning aspect of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it affects versions of LemonLDAP::NG prior to 2.16.7 and 2.17 through 2.21 before 2.21.3. This vulnerability is particularly significant as LemonLDAP::NG is widely used in enterprise networks for managing user authentication and authorization.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59518
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Administrator access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LemonLDAP::NG | Before 2.16.7, 2.17 – 2.21 before 2.21.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an OS command injection flaw present in the Safe jail of LemonLDAP::NG. An administrator with the ability to edit a rule evaluated by the Safe jail can execute arbitrary commands on the server. This is due to the application’s failure to localize the underscore (_) during rule evaluation. This oversight enables malicious actors to inject and execute harmful commands, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following hypothetical scenario where the adversary uses a shell command injection to exploit the vulnerability:
```
$ curl -X POST "http://target.example.com/lemonldap/rule" \
-H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
-d "rule=; rm -rf / --no-preserve-root ;"
```
In this conceptual example, the malicious actor sends a POST request to the rule evaluation endpoint of the LemonLDAP::NG application. The rule parameter contains a malicious payload (`; rm -rf / –no-preserve-root ;`) that, when evaluated, executes the OS command to delete all files in the system.
Please note that the above example is a conceptual demonstration of how the exploit might work. The actual exploitation would depend on numerous factors, including the specific version of LemonLDAP::NG installed, the environment it’s running in, and the level of access the attacker has.

Mitigation Measures

Users of affected versions of LemonLDAP::NG are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. Those who cannot apply the update promptly can use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. However, these are only stop-gap solutions and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability. Therefore, updating to a patched version of the software is the recommended course of action.
September 25, 2025