Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-2812: Severe SQL Injection Vulnerability in Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation
Overview

The vulnerability *CVE-2025-2812* represents a serious security flaw in Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation software. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate SQL commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, detailing its impact, potential exploits, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2812
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation | Before 03.04.2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the lack of proper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation. This improper neutralization allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code or commands into the software. Due to its blind SQL injection nature, the attacker doesn’t require any prior knowledge about the database structure or setup. By manipulating the input data, the attacker can potentially compromise the system, steal, modify, or delete data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious SQL command:
```
POST /ticketsales/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "password' OR '1'='1'; --" }
```
In this example, the attacker uses the SQL Injection technique to bypass the login mechanism by always making the SQL query return true.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Mydata Informatics has released a patch for Ticket Sales Automation versions affected by CVE-2025-2812. It is highly recommended to apply this patch immediately to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block SQL Injection attempts.
Regularly updating and patching software, as well as implementing secure coding practices and input validation, are key to preventing similar vulnerabilities in the future.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-3709: Account Lockout Bypass Vulnerability in Agentflow
Overview

This blog post delves into the intricacies of a critical vulnerability identified in the Agentflow software from Flowring Technology. CVE-2025-3709, as it is officially designated, allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit an Account Lockout Bypass vulnerability, enabling them to perform password brute force attacks. This vulnerability holds great weight because of its potential to compromise systems or even lead to severe data leakage, impacting any organization using the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3709
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Agentflow | All versions prior to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-3709 exploits a weakness in the account lockout mechanism of Agentflow. Under normal circumstances, after a certain number of failed login attempts, a user account would be locked out, preventing further attempts. However, this vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the lockout mechanism, thereby allowing them to continuously attempt to crack the password through brute force. Given enough time and computational power, this could potentially lead to unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a brute force script.
```
import requests
target_url = 'http://target.example.com/login'
username = 'admin'
passwords = ['password1', 'password2', 'password3', ...]  # a list of possible passwords
for password in passwords:
response = requests.post(target_url, data={'username': username, 'password': password})
if 'Login failed' not in response.text:
print(f'Success! The password is {password}')
break
```
This script would attempt to log in to the target URL with a list of possible passwords. If the login fails, the script continues to the next password. If the login is successful, the script stops and prints the discovered password.
Remember, this is purely a conceptual scenario for educational purposes and should not be used for malicious activities. Always act ethically and respect privacy.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-3708: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Le-show Medical Practice Management System
Overview

Security vulnerabilities in medical practice management systems can pose severe threats to the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive patient data. The CVE-2025-3708 is a prime example of such a vulnerability, affecting the Le-show medical practice management system from Le-yan. This high-risk SQL Injection vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized access and modification of database contents. As such, it is a significant concern for healthcare providers using the affected system and warrants immediate attention and rectification.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3708
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized reading, modification, and deletion of database contents, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Le-show medical practice management system | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of insufficient input sanitization within the Le-show system. This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries into the system, which are then executed by the database. As no authentication is required, a remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to interact with the database, potentially leading to unauthorized access, alteration, or deletion of data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note this is not actual exploit code, but a demonstration of the type of malicious SQL query an attacker might use:
```
POST /Le-show/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin'; DROP TABLE Patients; --&password=test
```
In this example, the SQL command ‘DROP TABLE Patients’ is injected into the ‘username’ field of a login request. If the system is vulnerable, this command will delete the ‘Patients’ table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should immediately apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help to filter out SQL Injection attacks by identifying and blocking malicious SQL commands. However, these are not long-term solutions and cannot fully guarantee protection against the vulnerability. As such, applying the vendor patch should be prioritized to fully address the security flaw.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-3746: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in OTP-less One Tap Sign in WordPress Plugin
Overview

The CVE-2025-3746 vulnerability affects the OTP-less One Tap Sign in plugin for WordPress, a popular content management system used by millions of websites worldwide. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to privilege escalation via account takeover, making it particularly harmful to any organization using vulnerable versions of the plugin. What makes this vulnerability notable is the lack of proper validation of a user’s identity before updating their details-a loophole that could potentially allow unauthorized attackers to compromise user accounts, including those of administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3746
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

OTP-less One Tap Sign in WordPress Plugin | 2.0.14 to 2.0.59

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper validation of a user’s identity by the OTP-less one tap Sign in plugin for WordPress. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to change the email addresses of arbitrary users, including administrators, by sending a malicious request to the server. Once the email address is changed, the attacker can then initiate a password reset for the compromised account, effectively granting them access. Furthermore, the plugin returns authentication cookies in the response, which can be used by the attacker to directly access the account.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=otpl_otsi_update_email HTTP/1.1
Host: targetwebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=1&new_email=attacker@evil.com
```
In this example, the `user_id` parameter is the ID of the user account to be attacked (with `1` commonly being the administrator’s account in WordPress), and the `new_email` parameter is the email address controlled by the attacker. If the request is successful, the targeted user’s email will be changed to the attacker’s email.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-2605: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Honeywell MB-Secure
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-2605 is a critical flaw identified in Honeywell’s MB-Secure series which allows unauthorized users to execute arbitrary OS commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects a wide range of versions of Honeywell MB-Secure and MB-Secure PRO, used extensively in industries ranging from manufacturing to healthcare. With a CVSS Severity score of 9.9, this vulnerability has a high potential for catastrophic impact if not mitigated promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2605
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Honeywell MB-Secure | V11.04 – V12.52
Honeywell MB-Secure PRO | V01.06 – V03.08

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command within the Honeywell MB-Secure software. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted request containing malicious OS commands to the affected device. The system, failing to properly sanitize the input, executes the malicious commands, potentially leading to unauthorized system access, changes in configuration, or data exfiltration.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /api/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "rm -rf / --no-preserve-root" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a malicious POST request that instructs the system to delete all files in the root directory. Because the system fails to properly sanitize user inputs, it executes the command, leading to a catastrophic system failure.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by Honeywell. The company recommends updating MB-Secure to version V12.53 or later and MB-Secure PRO to version V03.09 or later. In the absence of immediate patch application, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on suspicious activities and requests.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-32011: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in KUNBUS PiCtory
Overview

The world of cybersecurity is witnessing yet another potential threat through the CVE-2025-32011 vulnerability, which could lead to severe system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability affects the KUNBUS PiCtory versions from 2.5.0 to 2.11.1, and it allows an attacker to bypass the authentication system and gain unauthorized access. The seriousness of this vulnerability is highlighted by its CVSS severity score of 9.8, making it a critical concern for all users of the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32011
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

KUNBUS PiCtory | 2.5.0 – 2.11.1

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-32011 vulnerability exploits a path traversal flaw in the authentication mechanism of KUNBUS PiCtory. An attacker can manipulate the input to the system, which leads to unauthorized access. The attacker can then leverage this access to compromise the system or extract sensitive data. The most concerning aspect is that this can be done remotely, making it a significant threat to organizations using the affected versions of KUNBUS PiCtory.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The following HTTP request showcases how a malicious payload might be sent to a vulnerable endpoint.
```
GET /../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this case, the “../../etc/passwd” part of the request represents the path traversal attack, targeting a common file that stores user account details.

Mitigation and Remediation

The most effective way to mitigate the CVE-2025-32011 vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. KUNBUS has released updates to address this vulnerability, and users are urged to update to the latest version of PiCtory as soon as possible.
In the interim, users can deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they should be considered as stop-gap solutions and not as a replacement for applying the vendor-provided patch.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-32011 vulnerability is a serious threat that requires immediate attention and action. The potential for system compromise and data leakage is high, and organizations must take the necessary steps to safeguard their systems against this vulnerability.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-24522: Unauthenticated Remote Access to Node-RED Server in KUNBUS Revolution Pi OS Bookworm
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving with new vulnerabilities surfacing regularly. In this blog post, we will be discussing a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-24522. This vulnerability affects the KUNBUS Revolution Pi OS Bookworm version 01/2025. This is a significant vulnerability because of the absence of default authentication for the Node-RED server, which could potentially give an unauthenticated remote attacker full command execution privileges on the underlying operating system. Given the potential impact, the vulnerability raises serious security implications for any organization using the affected software, and it is essential to understand the risk it poses and how to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24522
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

KUNBUS Revolution Pi OS Bookworm | 01/2025

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-24522 vulnerability arises due to inadequate security configurations in the KUNBUS Revolution Pi OS Bookworm version 01/2025. By default, authentication is not configured for the Node-RED server. This opens a window of opportunity for an unauthenticated remote attacker to gain full access to the Node-RED server. Once the attacker has gained access to the server, they can run arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system, leading to system compromise and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual code snippet showing how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /node-red/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{
"command": "rm -rf /*"
}
```
In this conceptual example, an unauthenticated attacker sends an HTTP POST request to the Node-RED server’s execute endpoint. The malicious payload, here represented by a destructive `rm -rf /*` command, gets executed on the server’s underlying operating system.

Recommended Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Alternatively, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These solutions can identify and prevent malicious traffic or activities, thereby reducing the risk of successful exploitation. Furthermore, it is advisable to always ensure proper security configurations, such as enabling authentication on all servers, to reduce the attack surface.
To conclude, vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-24522 highlight the importance of robust security configurations and timely patch management in cybersecurity. It is crucial to stay informed about such vulnerabilities and to take prompt action to mitigate them.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2025-46337: A Critical SQL Injection Vulnerability in ADOdb PHP Database Class Library
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has issued an advisory on a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-46337. This security flaw affects the ADOdb PHP database class library – a widely used open-source library that offers an abstraction layer for database management and queries. The vulnerability is deeply concerning due to its potential to allow attackers to execute arbitrary SQL statements, leading to possible system compromise or data leakage. With a CVSS Severity Score of 10.0, this issue is of utmost importance to any organization or individual utilizing ADOdb prior to version 5.22.9, especially on PostgreSQL databases.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46337
Severity: Critical – CVSS Score: 10.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ADOdb | Prior to 5.22.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper escaping of a query parameter in the ADOdb library. Specifically, when the code using ADOdb connects to a PostgreSQL database and calls pg_insert_id() with user-supplied data, an attacker can exploit this flaw. By carefully crafting malicious data, an attacker could inject arbitrary SQL statements into the query, which the database would then execute. This could lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, or even total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a potential exploit. The attacker could send a specially-crafted request similar to the following:
```
POST /query HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=1; DROP TABLE users;
```
This request contains an SQL statement (`DROP TABLE users;`) which, if executed, would delete the entire ‘users’ table from the database.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is highly advised to update ADOdb to version 5.22.9 or later as this issue has been patched in these versions. If an immediate update is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only minimize the risk. Regular patching and updates should be a part of any organization’s cybersecurity strategy.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2023-37443: Critical Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115
Overview

Cybersecurity professionals should be aware of a recently disclosed vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-37443, which affects GTKWave version 3.3.115. This vulnerability has been classified as critical due to its potential to enable arbitrary code execution, leading to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability lies in the software’s VCD var definition section, and exploitation requires user interaction, specifically opening a malicious .vcd file. Therefore, the risk is substantial for users who frequently interact with .vcd files.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-37443
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GTKWave | 3.3.115

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of multiple out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities within the VCD var definition section of GTKWave. An attacker can design a specially crafted .vcd file to trigger these vulnerabilities, resulting in arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability is specifically located in the GUI’s legacy VCD parsing code. Once the malicious .vcd file is opened by a user, the crafted code is executed, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

In the given context, a conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability might involve creating a malicious .vcd file which contains specially crafted data designed to trigger an out-of-bounds read. This could be represented in pseudocode as such:
```
# Pseudocode representation of malicious .vcd file
class MaliciousVCD:
def __init__(self):
self.data = self.create_malicious_data()
def create_malicious_data(self):
# Craft data that triggers out-of-bounds read in GTKWave's VCD parsing
data = "..."
return data
# Create and save malicious .vcd file
malicious_vcd = MaliciousVCD()
save_file(malicious_vcd, "malicious.vcd")
```
Please note that this is a simplified representation. The actual creation of malicious data would require detailed knowledge of the specific vulnerabilities in the VCD parsing code of GTKWave.
May 8, 2025
CVE-2023-37442: Severe Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115
Overview

The open-source waveform viewer, GTKWave 3.3.115, has been found to contain multiple severe out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities. These flaws, identified as CVE-2023-37442, can lead to arbitrary code execution, thus potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. The affected software is widely used for viewing Verilog, VHDL, and other simulation output formats, making this a pressing concern for developers and organizations alike. Mitigation efforts are underway, and immediate action is advised.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-37442
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GTKWave | 3.3.115

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerabilities specifically exist in the VCD var definition section of GTKWave. When a specially crafted .vcd file is opened by a user, it triggers an out-of-bounds read, leading to arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is triggered via the GUI’s default VCD parsing code. This means that an attacker can craft a malicious .vcd file that, when opened, executes the attacker’s arbitrary code on the victim’s system.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of this vulnerability would involve the creation of a malicious .vcd file. While the specifics of such a file are beyond the scope of this article, the pseudo-code below illustrates the potential structure of such a file:
```
$scope module malicious $end
$var wire 1 ! trigger $end
$var wire 128 # payload $end
$upscope $end
$enddefinitions $end
#0
$dumpvars
1!
b{malicious_payload} #
$end
```
In this pseudo-code, ‘`malicious_payload`’ represents the arbitrary code that the attacker wishes to execute on the victim’s machine. The out-of-bounds read is triggered when GTKWave attempts to parse this malicious .vcd file, leading to the execution of the arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits. It’s recommended to refrain from opening .vcd files from untrusted sources until the patch is applied.
May 8, 2025