Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a flaw, known as CVE-2025-46627, that presents a significant risk to users of the Tenda RX2 Pro with version 16.03.30.14. This flaw arises from the use of weak credentials, which can potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to the telnet service. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise the system or lead to data leakage, thereby posing a substantial threat to the privacy and security of users.
This vulnerability is specifically problematic because the root password, which an attacker may calculate, is based on easily obtainable device information – the last two digits or octets of the MAC address. As such, anyone with access to this information could potentially exploit this vulnerability, compromising user data and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46627
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda RX2 Pro | 16.03.30.14

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the use of a weak authentication mechanism in the Tenda RX2 Pro. Specifically, the device relies on the last two digits or octets of the MAC address to generate the root password. An attacker can easily obtain this information, calculate the root password, and authenticate to the telnet service. Since this does not require any user interaction or special privileges, it further escalates the risk posed by this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability using a simple shell command like the one below:

telnet target_IP
Trying target_IP...
Connected to target_IP.
Escape character is '^]'.
login: root
password: {calculated_based_on_MAC_address}
# Successful login

Here, the attacker simply needs to replace “target_IP” with the IP address of the target device and “{calculated_based_on_MAC_address}” with the password calculated based on the MAC address. Once the attacker has successfully logged in, they gain root access and can perform any action on the device, leading to a potential system compromise and data leakage.
As a measure to address this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch when it becomes available or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

CVE-2025-36521 is a critical vulnerability that exists in the MicroDicom DICOM Viewer, a popular tool used by numerous medical professionals worldwide to view DICOM files-medical images and associated data. This vulnerability poses a significant risk because of its potential to cause memory corruption within the application. This corruption can lead to system compromise or data leakage, which could be catastrophic in the healthcare environment where patient data privacy is paramount.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36521
Severity: High (8.8/10)
Attack Vector: Local File
Privileges Required: User-level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MicroDicom DICOM Viewer | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits an out-of-bounds read issue in the MicroDicom DICOM Viewer. An attacker can craft a malicious DCM file that, when opened by an unsuspecting user, triggers memory corruption in the DICOM Viewer application. The corrupted memory could lead to unexpected application behavior, including the execution of malicious code or leakage of sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific exploit code is beyond the scope of this post, an attacker would typically craft a malicious DCM file, such as:

filename: malicious.dcm
content: [malicious code]

The victim, believing this to be a standard DCM file, would open it in the vulnerable MicroDicom DICOM Viewer. The malicious code within the file would then execute, leading to memory corruption and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, organizations should consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These security tools can monitor and block suspicious activities, such as the opening of potentially malicious DCM files.
In conclusion, this post demonstrates the crucial importance of maintaining software updates and employing robust security measures to protect against potential vulnerabilities. As the CVE-2025-36521 vulnerability shows, even widely-used applications, such as the MicroDicom DICOM Viewer, can have critical vulnerabilities that pose significant risks to systems and data.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, and with each passing day, new vulnerabilities are identified and exploited. One such vulnerability that has recently made its presence felt is CVE-2024-48905. This vulnerability affects Sematell ReplyOne 7.4.3.0 and has been identified to harbor insecure permissions for the /rest/sessions endpoint. This makes it a high-risk issue that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited by malicious actors. The vulnerability’s importance is underscored by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.1, which points to the potential for significant damage if left unaddressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-48905
Severity: High (CVSS 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sematell ReplyOne | 7.4.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from insecure permissions for the /rest/sessions endpoint in Sematell ReplyOne. This endpoint, intended for authenticated session management, has been found to be poorly secured, potentially allowing unauthenticated users to manipulate or hijack sessions. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even complete system compromise if the session belongs to a user with elevated privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

GET /rest/sessions HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The above HTTP request attempts to retrieve active sessions from the /rest/sessions endpoint. If successful, the attacker could then manipulate or hijack these sessions for malicious purposes.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Sematell has released a patch for ReplyOne 7.4.3.0, which resolves the insecure permissions issue. As a temporary mitigation measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent unauthorized access to the /rest/sessions endpoint.