Author: Ameeba

Overview

In this blog post, we’ll be discussing a critical vulnerability found in Aikaan IoT management platform v3.25.0325-5-g2e9c59796, identified by the Common Vulnerabilities & Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2025-52352. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to bypass authentication and gain access to the system, resulting in potential system compromise or data leakage. This issue affects all organizations that are using the mentioned version of Aikaan IoT management platform and is especially concerning due to its high severity score, which indicates the significant potential for damage if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52352
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aikaan IoT Management Platform | v3.25.0325-5-g2e9c59796

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the sign-up API endpoint of the Aikaan IoT management platform. Although a configuration option is provided to disable user sign-up in the admin portal, the corresponding sign-up API endpoint remains publicly accessible. An unauthenticated user can exploit this loophole by directly interacting with the API to create a new account, even when the sign-up feature is turned off. This allows the attacker to bypass the intended access controls and gain unauthorized access to the admin portal.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example simulates a HTTP POST request to the sign-up API endpoint:

POST /api/v1/signup HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-iot-platform.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "attacker",
"password": "password123",
"email": "attacker@example.com"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a registration request to the sign-up API endpoint, creating a new account with the credentials provided. This allows the attacker to bypass the intended access controls and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can monitor and block suspicious activities, reducing the risk of an attack.

Overview

The CVE-2025-57754 vulnerability is a critical issue that affects the eslint-ban-moment plugin, a tool used in the final assignment of the VIHU course. The vulnerability arises from an exposed sensitive Supabase URI within the .env environment configuration file. The impact of this vulnerability is significant as it could potentially allow an attacker unauthorized access to the database and user data. This unauthorized access could lead to data exfiltration, modification, or even deletion.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57754
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access and control over database and user data leading to potential data exfiltration, modification or deletion.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

eslint-ban-moment | 3.0.0 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insecure exposure of the Supabase URI within the .env file of the eslint-ban-moment plugin. This URI contains embedded username and password information, providing anyone who gains access to it complete control over the connected database and user data.
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing the exposed .env file, retrieving the Supabase URI, and using it to gain unauthorized access to the database. This could lead to a variety of potential malicious activities, including data exfiltration, modification, or deletion.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit would depend on the specific circumstances and the attacker’s goals, a conceptual example might look something like this:

# Attacker retrieves the .env file
$ wget http://target.example.com/.env
# The .env file contains the exposed Supabase URI
SUPABASE_URL="https://app.supabase.io/projectid/settings/api/databaseUrl"
# Attacker uses the retrieved Supabase URI to gain unauthorized access to the database
$ curl ${SUPABASE_URL}

This example assumes that the attacker has network access to the target system and that the .env file is accessible. In reality, additional steps and more sophisticated techniques might be required to exploit this vulnerability.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. However, if a patch is not immediately available, a temporary mitigation could be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious attempts to access the .env file. Furthermore, it is suggested to always review and secure the exposure of sensitive information within environment configuration files.

Overview

CVE-2025-52395 is a high-risk vulnerability that resides in the Roadcute API v.1, potentially impacting a large number of web applications that utilize this API. This vulnerability can allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage. The severity and potential impact of this vulnerability necessitate immediate attention and mitigation from all affected parties.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52395
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network (remote)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Roadcute API | v.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits an issue in the password reset API endpoint of Roadcute API v.1. This endpoint does not properly validate the identity of the requester, thus allowing a remote attacker to initiate a password reset for any user. This can be exploited to take control of a user’s account and execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a malicious HTTP POST request to the password reset endpoint:

POST /api/v1/password-reset HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_id": "target_user_id", "new_password": "attacker_controlled_password" }

In this example, the attacker is attempting to reset the password of a target user (`target_user_id`) to a password of their choosing (`attacker_controlled_password`), without any form of identity validation. If successful, the attacker would gain control over the targeted user account.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, the vendor has issued a patch that addresses the identity validation issue in the password reset API endpoint. All affected parties should apply this patch immediately to their Roadcute API v.1 implementations.
In the meantime, affected parties can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should only be considered a temporary mitigation, and not a substitute for applying the vendor’s patch.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability in the WP Webhooks plugin used by WordPress platforms. Identified as CVE-2025-8895, this vulnerability can potentially compromise your site’s system or lead to significant data leakage. The vulnerability is present in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.5. Given the widespread use of WordPress for website creation and management, many systems could be at risk. It is crucial for those affected to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take swift action to mitigate any potential risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8895
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Webhooks Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.3.5

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-8895 vulnerability exists due to a lack of validation for user-supplied input. This omission allows unauthenticated attackers to copy arbitrary files on the affected site’s server to any location of their choice. The most alarming part of this vulnerability is that attackers can potentially copy the contents of the wp-config.php file, a critical file containing sensitive database credentials, into a text file. This text file can then be accessed via a browser, exposing the database credentials and providing an open door for further attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudo-shell command showcasing how an attacker might copy the wp-config.php file to a publicly accessible directory:

cp /path/to/wp-config.php /path/to/public_html/wp-config-copy.txt

In this example, the attacker copies the wp-config.php file to a public directory, creating a text file that can be accessed by anyone on the internet.
However, it’s important to note that in a real attack scenario, the attacker would use a crafted HTTP request to exploit the vulnerability in the WP Webhooks plugin, causing the server to perform this action.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. However, these measures should only be considered as temporary solutions until the patch can be applied. Regularly updating your software and maintaining good security practices is key to protecting your systems from such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One such vulnerability, labeled as CVE-2025-27214, has been identified in the UniFi Connect EV Station Pro. This vulnerability could potentially allow a malicious actor, with physical or adjacent access, to perform an unauthorized factory reset, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. It is of grave concern due to the high severity score of 9.8 and the potential system-wide implications if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27214
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Physical or Adjacent
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UniFi Connect EV Station Pro | Versions 1.5.18 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the missing authentication for a critical function in the UniFi Connect EV Station Pro. A malicious actor with physical or adjacent access can send a specific unauthorized command to the device that initiates a factory reset. This bypasses the need for authentication, allowing the attacker to reset the device to its factory settings. This could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method of exploitation may vary, here is a conceptual example of a command that could be used:

$ command reset-factory UniFi-Connect-EV-Station-Pro

In this scenario, the “command reset-factory” is a hypothetical command-line instruction that when executed, triggers a factory reset on the targeted device. Please note that this is a simplified representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited and actual exploitation could involve a more complex sequence of commands.

Mitigation

Users are advised to update their UniFi Connect EV Station Pro to Version 1.5.27 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. In the event that immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these should be considered only temporary solutions, and the recommended patch should be applied as soon as feasible.

Overview

CVE-2025-24285 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability affecting UniFi Connect EV Station Lite, a popular product used in Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations. This vulnerability arises from multiple improper input validation issues, which may allow a command injection by a malicious actor with network access to the UniFi Connect EV Station Lite. The exploit has a severe impact on the affected systems and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Addressing this vulnerability is of paramount importance to prevent unauthorized access and protect sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24285
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UniFi Connect EV Station Lite | Version 1.5.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from multiple improper input validation points in UniFi Connect EV Station Lite. A malicious actor with network access to the system can exploit these flaws to inject malicious commands. The system, failing to properly validate the input, executes the injected commands. This unauthorized execution of commands could lead to a complete system compromise or leakage of sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a malicious HTTP request that could be sent by an attacker:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_command": "rm -rf /" }

In this example, the malicious command `rm -rf /` could delete all files on the system if executed.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy is to update the UniFi Connect EV Station Lite to version 1.5.2 or later, which has patches for these vulnerabilities. If immediate update is not possible, users can temporarily mitigate the risk by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and filter out malicious traffic.
Remember, it’s always best to apply patches as soon as they become available to ensure your systems remain secure.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53251, affecting the An-Themes Pin WP theme. This vulnerability allows unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types, enabling potential attackers to upload a web shell to a web server. The severity of this vulnerability lies in its potential to lead to system compromise or significant data leakage. Therefore, it is crucial to understand its workings, potential impacts, and mitigation strategies for all users of Pin WP theme versions before 7.2.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53251
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

An-Themes Pin WP | Before 7.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the An-Themes Pin WP theme. Attackers can upload a harmful file, such as a web shell, to the server. A web shell is a script that can be uploaded to a web server to enable remote administration of the machine. This gives the attacker the ability to execute arbitrary commands and steal data, or use the server to launch attacks on other targets.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-content/themes/pin-wp/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker is uploading a PHP shell script named “shell.php” that allows them to execute arbitrary system commands.

Mitigation Guidance

Users affected by this vulnerability are strongly advised to update to the latest version of An-Themes Pin WP theme as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These tools can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they should not be considered a long-term solution as they do not remove the underlying vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with the discovery of a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-57155, that impacts the Radar v1.0.8 software. This vulnerability, characterized by incorrect access control, allows malicious actors to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access to sensitive APIs, creating an avenue for potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is therefore a significant threat to any organization, large or small, that uses the Radar v1.0.8 software. It is critical to understand the nature of this vulnerability and adopt appropriate measures for mitigation to safeguard sensitive data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-57155
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive APIs, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Radar | v1.0.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of incorrect access controls in Radar v1.0.8. An attacker can send a specially crafted request to the vulnerable system, which lacks the appropriate checks to verify the authentication status of users. As a result, the attacker can bypass authentication and gain unauthorized access to sensitive APIs. This could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker might send a HTTP request similar to the following:

GET /api/sensitive_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this case, the request is made without any authentication token. However, due to incorrect access control in Radar v1.0.8, the system fails to authenticate the request properly, allowing the attacker to access sensitive APIs without a token.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2024-57155, it is advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor for Radar v1.0.8. In the absence of a patch, or as a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular monitoring and updating of security systems can also go a long way in preventing breaches stemming from this vulnerability.

Overview

In this article, we delve into a recently discovered critical cybersecurity vulnerability (CVE-2025-54988) in Apache Tika’s tika-parser-pdf-module found in versions 1.13 through 3.2.1. This vulnerability has been allocated a high severity score of 9.8 by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), signifying the potential for significant damage. It affects a broad range of platforms and has serious ramifications, including the potential for system compromise and data leakage if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54988
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: An attacker exploiting this vulnerability may be able to read sensitive data, initiate malicious requests to internal resources, or trigger requests to third-party servers.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Tika (tika-parser-pdf-module) | 1.13 through 3.2.1
Apache Tika (tika-parsers-standard-modules) | Until 3.2.1
Apache Tika (tika-parsers-standard-package) | Until 3.2.1
Apache Tika (tika-app) | Until 3.2.1
Apache Tika (tika-grpc) | Until 3.2.1
Apache Tika (tika-server-standard) | Until 3.2.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the XML External Entity (XXE) injection flaw present in Apache Tika’s PDF parser module. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by using a crafted XFA file embedded within a PDF to carry out the XXE injection. This would allow the attacker to read sensitive information or initiate malicious requests to internal resources or third-party servers.

Conceptual Example Code

Shown below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft an XFA file to exploit the vulnerability:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

In the above example, the attacker is trying to read the `/etc/passwd` file from the system. This file typically contains user account information, and if the attacker successfully reads this file, they could gain sensitive information about the system’s user accounts.

Recommended Mitigation

The recommended mitigation is to upgrade to Apache Tika version 3.2.2, which contains a fix for this issue. In case immediate patching is not possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against this vulnerability.

Overview

In the dynamic and complex field of cybersecurity, a newly identified vulnerability, CVE-2024-57154, has raised concerns and demands immediate attention from organizations utilizing dts-shop v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT. This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass authentication via a carefully crafted payload to /admin/auth/index, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. In a world where data is the most valuable asset, such a vulnerability is a critical threat that could lead to serious consequences if left unaddressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-57154
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

dts-shop | v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

How the Exploit Works

In the dts-shop application, the /admin/auth/index endpoint is not properly validating incoming requests. This means an attacker can send a specially crafted payload to this endpoint, bypassing the authentication process. Once bypassed, the attacker can obtain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. The nature of this vulnerability indicates that it could be exploited remotely, and no user interaction is required.

Conceptual Example Code

The vulnerability could theoretically be exploited using an HTTP POST request, as shown in the following example:

POST /admin/auth/index HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "admin",
"password": "bypass_payload"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a crafted payload (“bypass_payload”) as the password value, enabling them to bypass the authentication process and gain access to the system.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, the primary recommendation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, organizations can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious payloads. Regular monitoring of system logs and network traffic can also help in early detection of potential attacks. Additionally, it is advisable to restrict access to /admin/auth/index to trusted IP addresses only, further reducing the attack surface.
In conclusion, it is vital for all users of dts-shop v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT to take immediate action to protect their systems from this critical vulnerability (CVE-2024-57154). The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates the severe impact this vulnerability can have if exploited, reinforcing the need for timely and proactive measures to mitigate the risk.