Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the Biosig Project libbiosig software, specific to its MFER parsing functionality. This vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-54482, exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage. By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can execute arbitrary code, thereby gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system. This vulnerability is particularly noteworthy due to its high severity score, and the widespread use of the Biosig Project libbiosig in various sectors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54482
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Specially crafted MFER file
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (An attacker needs to provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability)
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability manifests due to a stack-based buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality of the Biosig Project libbiosig. If an attacker crafts a specific MFER file that exploits this flaw, they can execute arbitrary code. This happens on line 8751 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 4.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a simplified conceptual example of how the exploit might work:

// Attacker creates a malicious MFER file
void maliciousMFERfile() {
char buf[4];
FILE *hdr;
// Set the Tag to 4
int tag = 4;
// Set the length greater than 4 to trigger the buffer overflow
int len = 5;
if (tag == 4) {
if (len > 4) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning MFER tag4 incorrect length %i>4\n", len);
curPos += ifread(buf, 1, len, hdr);
}
}
}

This piece of code could generate a malicious MFER file that, when parsed by the vulnerable Biosig Project libbiosig functionality, would trigger the buffer overflow and lead to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular monitoring of system logs, and isolation of affected systems can also help in limiting the potential damage.

Overview

An alarming security vulnerability, CVE-2025-54481, has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa), posing a significant threat to system integrity and data privacy. This stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability resides in the MFER parsing functionality, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited. Given the widespread usage of The Biosig Project libbiosig in various applications, this vulnerability poses serious risks to numerous systems and their users worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54481
Severity: Critical, CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Local/Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the MFER parsing functionality in The Biosig Project libbiosig. An attacker can initiate an overflow by providing a specially crafted MFER file. The overflow occurs due to the buffer ‘v’, which is smaller in size (17 bytes). The critical vulnerability triggers when the Tag value is 3 in the code. The overflowed buffer is ‘v’ and not ‘buf. Even much smaller values of ‘len’, those encoded using a single octet, can trigger an overflow in this code path.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Here, a malicious MFER file is submitted to the system:

# Malicious MFER file creation
$ echo "malicious_payload" > exploit.mfer
# Sending malicious MFER file to the target system
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" --data-binary @exploit.mfer http://target.example.com/vulnerable_endpoint

In this example, a malicious payload is created and stored in an MFER file. The file is then sent to a vulnerable endpoint on the target system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor provided patch as soon as possible. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, alerting administrators to potential exploitation attempts.

Overview

As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, a new critical vulnerability has been discovered in the software library of The Biosig Project libbiosig version 3.9.0. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-54480, can potentially lead to arbitrary code execution and system compromise, hence posing significant risks to the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data and systems. This vulnerability matters because if left unpatched, it could allow malicious actors to execute arbitrary code with the potential to compromise systems or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54480
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a stack-based buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality within The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0. When a specially crafted MFER file is provided, the code execution is triggered. This vulnerability is manifested when the Tag is 0 on line 8719 of biosig.c in the current master branch (35a819fa). This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

This could be a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not an actual exploit code but a representation of how a malicious file could be used to trigger the vulnerability.

# Python pseudocode to demonstrate the exploitation
# Import required libraries
import socket, struct
# Create socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Connect to vulnerable system
s.connect(('target.example.com', 80))
# Craft MFER file with malicious payload
payload = struct.pack("I", 0x35a819fa) * (8719 / 4) # Overflow the buffer
# Send malicious MFER file
s.send(payload)

Please note that this is a hypothetical example and not an actual exploit code. It is shared for educational purposes only to understand the nature of the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the absence of a patch, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not foolproof and can only reduce the risk of exploitation, not eliminate it. Consequently, vigilance in monitoring system logs and network traffic is also recommended.

Overview

In this comprehensive review, we delve into CVE-2025-54462, a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that has been identified in the Nex parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch. This vulnerability, classified as a heap-based buffer overflow, is particularly significant due to its potential to allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage. As such, this vulnerability presents a substantial threat to any organizations or individuals using the affected versions of the Biosig Project.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54462
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the heap than what’s allocated for it. This overflow can corrupt data, crash the program, or lead to the execution of malicious code. In the case of CVE-2025-54462, a specially crafted .nex file can trigger this vulnerability, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following hypothetical scenario. An attacker crafts a malicious .nex file designed to overflow the buffer in the affected Biosig Project software. The attacker then sends this file to the target system, either through an email attachment or other delivery methods. Once the target opens this file with the vulnerable software, the overflow is triggered, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, as demonstrated in the pseudo-code below:

# pseudo-code for the malicious .nex file
buffer = 'A' * 1024  # creates a buffer with size greater than what's allocated
file = open('malicious.nex', 'w')  # opens a new .nex file
file.write(buffer)  # writes the buffer to the .nex file
file.close()  # closes the file

Note: This is a simplified representation of how the exploit might work. The actual exploit would likely involve more complex code and interactions with the Biosig Project software.
This vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input validation and buffer management in software development. As a preventive measure, organizations are encouraged to apply the vendor patch or use WAF/IDS as a temporary mitigation.

Overview

The Biosig Project libbiosig, a popular biosignal processing library, has been discovered to contain a severe heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability. This vulnerability, allocated the identifier CVE-2025-53853, affects version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch (35a819fa) of libbiosig. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the entire system or leading to data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant importance due to its high severity and the widespread use of the Biosig Project’s libbiosig in the healthcare industry.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53853
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: File
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the ISHNE parsing functionality of libbiosig. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious ISHNE ECG annotations file. When this file is processed by the vulnerable software, it triggers a buffer overflow. This overflow occurs because the software fails to properly validate the size of the input data before copying it to a fixed-size buffer. This can lead to overwriting of adjacent memory spaces, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Given that the vulnerability occurs during the parsing of an ISHNE ECG annotations file, the exploit would likely involve the creation of such a file with specially designed data to trigger the overflow. A conceptual example might look like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void) {
char buffer[512];
FILE *fp;
memset(buffer, 'A', sizeof(buffer)-1); // Fill the buffer with 'A's
buffer[sizeof(buffer)-1] = '\0'; // Null terminate the string
fp = fopen("malicious.ishne", "w");
fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), sizeof(buffer), fp); // Write the buffer to the file
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

This conceptual example creates a malicious ISHNE ECG annotations file that contains a string of ‘A’s longer than the buffer size. When the file is processed by the vulnerable software, it would trigger the buffer overflow.

Recommended Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately if available. If the patch is not available or if immediate patching is not feasible, users should consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A severe vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-53557, has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This flaw, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability, could provide an attacker with the ability to execute arbitrary code on the system by merely delivering a maliciously crafted MFER file. As it impacts a widely utilized library, the vulnerability carries serious implications for various software and applications that make use of The Biosig Project libbiosig. The severity of this vulnerability coupled with its potential for widespread impact makes it a critical issue that merits immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53557
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability takes advantage of a flaw in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. By crafting a malicious MFER file, an attacker can cause a heap-based buffer overflow, which in turn allows for the execution of arbitrary code. This code execution could lead to a compromise of the system, along with the potential for data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited. This pseudocode represents the crafting of a malicious MFER file that could trigger the vulnerability when parsed by the affected library.

# Pseudocode
malicious_file = open("malicious.mfer", "w")
buffer = "A" * 5000      # Buffer overflow with 5000 'A' characters
malicious_file.write(buffer)
malicious_file.close()

In this example, a file named “malicious.mfer” is created and filled with a large number of ‘A’ characters. This large input causes a buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality, allowing the attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code.
Remember, the actual exploitation of this vulnerability would depend on the specific implementation of the affected library and the surrounding system environment.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until the patch can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It’s also recommended to limit the exposure of applications utilizing The Biosig Project libbiosig to untrusted networks wherever feasible.

Overview

CVE-2025-53518 is a critical vulnerability found in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially resulting in a full system compromise or data leakage. It is particularly concerning due to its high CVSS severity score of 9.8, indicating its severe impact and the ease of exploit. Given the widespread use of libbiosig in bioinformatics and related fields, anyone using the affected versions of the software could be a potential victim. This necessitates an immediate response from both users and system administrators to apply mitigations and patches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53518
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Malicious ABF file
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (User must open the malicious file)
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an integer overflow vulnerability in the ABF parsing functionality of the affected versions of libbiosig. An attacker crafts a malicious ABF file that, when processed by the application, triggers the integer overflow. This overflow can lead to a buffer overflow, where the excess data can overwrite other data structures in memory. An attacker can use this to inject and execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious ABF file to exploit the vulnerability. The attacker crafts an ABF file with a specially designed header that causes an integer overflow when parsed, potentially leading to a buffer overflow.

// Malicious ABF file crafted to cause an integer overflow
struct ABFFileHeader {
int fileVersion; // Set to a large integer to cause overflow
// ...
};

After crafting the malicious file, the attacker then sends it to the victim. If the victim opens the file using the affected version of libbiosig, the integer overflow vulnerability is triggered, leading to arbitrary code execution.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual implementation of the exploit might be more complex and would require deep knowledge of the libbiosig’s code base and ABF file format. The purpose of this example is to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability, not to provide a practical guide for exploitation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53511, has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability poses a significant threat to any system utilizing the affected software, as it can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the entire system or resulting in data leakage. Organizations and individuals that utilize The Biosig Project libbiosig are strongly advised to understand the implications of this vulnerability, apply the necessary mitigations, and monitor their systems for any suspicious activity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53511
Severity: Critical (9.8 / 10)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53511 vulnerability lies in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. A heap-based buffer overflow condition occurs when the software writes more data to a buffer located in the heap than it can hold. This can cause the overflow of adjacent memory spaces, corrupting valid data or leading to execution of arbitrary code. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted MFER file that takes advantage of the buffer overflow to inject malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker creates a malicious MFER file with an oversized payload that overflows the buffer.

MFER File
---------
HEADER
DATA: [oversized data payload]

The attacker then sends this file to the target system, tricking the user into opening it with libbiosig. On opening, the buffer overflow occurs, allowing the attacker’s code to be executed.

Mitigation

The most effective way to counter this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied right away, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation, blocking or alerting on any attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
It is also advisable to practice good cyber hygiene, such as not opening files from untrusted sources and keeping all software up-to-date, to further reduce the risk of exploitation.

Overview

The Biosig Project libbiosig, a popular library used for biomedical signal processing and file conversion, has been revealed to have a critical vulnerability that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-52581, exists in the GDF parsing functionality of libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability is a serious threat to any system or application that relies on libbiosig for processing bio-signal data. If exploited, an attacker could execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the entire system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52581
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score – 9.8
Attack Vector: File
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exists due to an integer overflow in the GDF parsing functionality of libbiosig. An attacker can exploit this issue by crafting a malicious GDF file that causes the overflow when processed. Once the overflow occurs, it can corrupt the memory, leading to arbitrary code execution. This essentially means the attacker can run any code they want on the affected system, potentially gaining full control over it.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how an attacker might craft a malicious GDF file to exploit the vulnerability:

# Pseudocode to create a malicious GDF file
# Open a new GDF file
file = open('malicious.gdf', 'wb')
# Write a specially crafted header to cause integer overflow
file.write(b'\x00' * 1000000000)
# Write arbitrary code that will be executed due to the overflow
file.write(b'\x90' * 100 + b'\xCC')
file.close()

This code creates a GDF file with a header that’s large enough to cause an integer overflow when parsed by the vulnerable libbiosig library. The arbitrary code (represented by ‘x90’ * 100 + ‘xCC’) would then be executed.
Remember, this is a simplified conceptual example. In a real scenario, the arbitrary code would be carefully crafted to perform specific actions like creating a backdoor or exfiltrating data.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It’s also recommended to validate and sanitize all GDF files before processing them, to prevent potential attacks.

Overview

In the continuous struggle to maintain information security, a new vulnerability, namely CVE-2025-48005, has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch. This vulnerability has a severe impact on those systems running the said software, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. It is crucial to address this issue promptly given its high severity score, to avoid any potential exploits that could disrupt the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48005
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability is present in the RHS2000 parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. An attacker can craft a malicious RHS2000 file that, when processed by the software, overflows the buffer’s boundaries and allows the attacker to write and execute arbitrary code. This arbitrary code execution could lead to a full system compromise or data leakage, depending on the privileges of the software process on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, a malicious payload is sent in the form of a specially crafted RHS2000 file.

$ echo -n "malicious_payload" > exploit.rhs2000
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/rhs2000" --data-binary @exploit.rhs2000 http://target.example.com/vulnerable/endpoint

In this example, “malicious_payload” would be replaced with the actual malicious code that exploits the buffer overflow. When the target system processes this file through the vulnerable endpoint, it triggers the overflow and executes the attacker’s code.