Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-28970: Critical Untrusted Data Deserialization Vulnerability in WP Optimize By xTraffic
Overview

This article explores the critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-28970, discovered in the WP Optimize By xTraffic plugin for WordPress sites. The vulnerability is of significant concern due to its high severity score of 9.8, indicating the potential for severe damage if exploited. The flaw affects users of the WP Optimize By xTraffic plugin, which is utilized to optimize their websites. A successful exploit could result in a complete system compromise and potential data leakage, proving devastating to the affected businesses and their clients.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28970
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Complete system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Optimize By xTraffic | n/a through 5.1.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the deserialization of untrusted data in the WP Optimize By xTraffic plugin. Deserialization is a process that transforms data from a raw binary format into an object that a program can manipulate. The flaw allows an attacker to inject malicious objects into the data stream, leading to Object Injection. When the program tries to deserialize the malicious object, it can execute harmful actions, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited. In this case, a malicious HTTP POST request is sent to a vulnerable endpoint on the target server:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "object": {"__destruct": {"command":"rm -rf /"}} }
```
In this example, the attacker is using the `__destruct` method to execute a destructive command when the object is deserialized. This command would delete all files in the root directory of the server, effectively causing a system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected WP Optimize By xTraffic plugin versions are advised to apply the vendor patch to fix the vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be deployed. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular updates of all software and systems are also recommended as a good security practice.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2024-12827: Privilege Escalation Via Account Takeover in DWT – Directory & Listing WordPress Theme
Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the DWT – Directory & Listing WordPress Theme for WordPress, which can potentially allow unauthorized users to escalate their privileges via account takeover. This vulnerability is identified as CVE-2024-12827 and impacts all versions up to, and including, 3.3.6 of the mentioned theme. If exploited, attackers can gain access to the victim’s account, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This is a significant vulnerability as it affects a vast number of WordPress websites using this theme, making it a critical cybersecurity issue that needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-12827
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Account takeover, system compromise, and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DWT – Directory & Listing WordPress Theme | Up to and including 3.3.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from an insufficient validity check in the dwt_listing_reset_password() function of the DWT – Directory & Listing WordPress Theme. The plugin does not properly check for an empty token value prior to resetting a user’s password. This allows an attacker to send a password reset request with an empty token value, which the function will mistakenly process, allowing the attacker to reset arbitrary user passwords, including those of administrators. Once the password is reset, attackers can easily access and take over the account.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this case, the attacker sends a POST request to the password reset endpoint with an empty token value:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=dwt_listing_reset_password HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_login=admin&rp_key=&rp_login=admin
```
In this example, the attacker targets the ‘admin’ account, using an empty ‘rp_key’ (reset password key), which should ideally be a random string generated by the server to authenticate password reset requests.

Mitigation Guidance

The ultimate solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Monitor for any suspicious password reset requests and consider implementing additional safeguards, such as multi-factor authentication, to protect against unauthorized account access.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6688: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Simple Payment Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The Simple Payment plugin for WordPress, a popular tool for integrating payment systems into websites, has been identified as having a major security vulnerability that could jeopardize the integrity of WordPress sites globally. This vulnerability, cataloged as CVE-2025-6688, affects versions 1.3.6 to 2.3.8 of the plugin and can allow attackers to bypass authentication systems, potentially gaining administrative access and control over a site.
The severity and breadth of this vulnerability make it a critical concern for any business or individual utilizing the Simple Payment plugin in their WordPress installation. Mitigation should be a priority due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6688
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Simple Payment Plugin for WordPress | 1.3.6 – 2.3.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the plugin’s mishandling of user authentication. The create_user() function within the plugin does not properly verify a user’s identity before logging them in. This design flaw presents an opportunity for unauthenticated attackers to exploit this function and bypass the usual login process, allowing them to impersonate administrative users.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "", "remember": "true" }
```
In this conceptual example, an attacker sends a POST request to the login page of the WordPress site hosted on target.example.com. The username parameter is set to “admin”, and the password parameter is left empty. The remember parameter is set to “true”, indicating that the session should be persistent. If the site is running a vulnerable version of the Simple Payment plugin, this request could allow the attacker to log in as an administrative user without providing a valid password.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the Simple Payment plugin for WordPress should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation strategy to help protect against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a critical component of maintaining a secure online presence.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-5366: Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus
Overview

In today’s post, we will be discussing a significant cybersecurity vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5366. This vulnerability impacts Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus, a widely used software in the IT sector for managing and analyzing Microsoft Exchange Servers. This vulnerability is a type of stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack, which is a common security issue that could potentially allow hackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. This vulnerability matters because it could potentially compromise a system or result in data leakage if exploited, thereby posing a significant risk to the integrity and confidentiality of data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5366
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus | Version 5722 and below

How the Exploit Works

The stored XSS vulnerability exists in the ‘Folder-wise read mails with subject’ report functionality of Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus. The application does not properly validate or sanitize user-supplied data, which allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. Since the injected code is permanently stored on the target servers, it will be executed every time the user accesses the affected webpage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request sent to a vulnerable endpoint.
```
POST /exchange/reporter/folderwise/readmails HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"subject": "<script>malicious_script_here</script>",
"folder": "Inbox"
}
```
In this example, the malicious script would be stored on the server and executed every time the ‘Folder-wise read mails with subject’ report is viewed.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. It is also recommended to always validate and sanitize user-supplied data to prevent such vulnerabilities.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6752: Critical Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Linksys Routers
Overview

A critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6752, has been discovered affecting several Linksys router models, including WRT1900ACS, EA7200, EA7450, and EA7500 up to 20250619. This vulnerability has been classified as critical due to its potential to compromise systems and leak data. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it affects the function SetDefaultConnectionService of the file /upnp/control/Layer3Forwarding of the IGD component and can be exploited remotely. The exploit is publicly disclosed, and the vendor has yet to respond.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6752
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys WRT1900ACS | Up to 20250619
Linksys EA7200 | Up to 20250619
Linksys EA7450 | Up to 20250619
Linksys EA7500 | Up to 20250619

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability comes into play when an attacker manipulates the argument NewDefaultConnectionService, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow then can cause the system to crash or, worse, allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. This exploitation can be initiated remotely, making it a significant threat to any unprotected networks.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:
```
POST /upnp/control/Layer3Forwarding HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_IP
Content-Type: application/xml; charset="utf-8"
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:Layer3Forwarding:1#SetDefaultConnectionService"
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<s:Body>
<u:SetDefaultConnectionService xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:Layer3Forwarding:1">
<NewDefaultConnectionService>[malicious_code]</NewDefaultConnectionService>
</u:SetDefaultConnectionService>
</s:Body>
</s:Envelope>
```
In this example, the [malicious_code] placeholder would be replaced with the actual code designed to overflow the buffer.

Recommended Mitigation

Until the vendor releases a patch to fix this vulnerability, users are advised to apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These solutions can help detect and block malicious activities related to this vulnerability. Furthermore, users should regularly monitor their network for any unusual activities.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6751: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Linksys E8450
Overview

A critical security vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-6751, has been detected in the Linksys E8450 up to version 1.2.00.360516. This vulnerability has garnered significant attention due to the dire potential consequences it can bring about, including system compromises and data leakage. The vulnerability resides in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s functionality, specifically the `set_device_language` function of the `portal.cgi` file. The malfunction occurs when the argument `dut_language` is manipulated, leading to a buffer overflow. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are especially hazardous since they can allow an attacker to run arbitrary code on a victim’s system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6751
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys E8450 | Up to 1.2.00.360516

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a buffer overflow condition in the `set_device_language` function of the `portal.cgi` file. In this case, when the `dut_language` argument is manipulated through a specially crafted HTTP POST request, it causes an overflow of the buffer. This overflow can potentially allow the attacker to overwrite important control data structures and execute arbitrary code, leading to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual illustration of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /portal.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
dut_language=<malicious_payload>
```
In the above example, “ would be replaced with a crafted string that exploits the buffer overflow vulnerability.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch once it is available. However, in the absence of a vendor patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block suspicious HTTP POST requests that aim to exploit this specific vulnerability. As always, it is also recommended to follow best practices for system and network security, including regular monitoring and updating of systems.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-53002: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in LLaMA-Factory
Overview

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, vulnerabilities in the software that trains and tunes large language models can have far-reaching consequences. This is the case with CVE-2025-53002, a severe remote code execution vulnerability discovered in LLaMA-Factory, a tuning library for large language models. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 0.9.3 and has the potential for system compromise or data leakage. The urgency and severity of the situation are underscored by a CVSS Severity Score of 8.3.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53002
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Could lead to system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LLaMA-Factory | Up to and including 0.9.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the way LLaMA-Factory loads the `vhead_file` during the training process. Specifically, the `vhead_file` is loaded without the secure parameter `weights_only=True`, which can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary malicious code on the host system. The attack is carried out by passing a malicious `Checkpoint path` parameter through the WebUI interface. The stealthy nature of this attack leaves the victim unaware of the exploitation.

Conceptual Example Code

In a conceptual sense, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the LLaMA-Factory WebUI interface. A pseudo-code example might look something like this:
```
POST /webui/checkpoint_path HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"vhead_file": "/path/to/malicious_file",
"weights_only": "False"
}
```
In this example, the attacker is loading a malicious file through the `vhead_file` parameter and setting `weights_only` to `False`, thereby bypassing the safeguards in place and triggering the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

The vulnerability has been fixed in version 0.9.4 of LLaMA-Factory. Users are strongly encouraged to update to this version as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these should not be viewed as long-term solutions; patching the software is the most effective way to secure your system against this vulnerability.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6734: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT HiPER 840G
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, with new vulnerabilities appearing frequently. One such vulnerability that has recently come to light is CVE-2025-6734. This critical vulnerability is found in UTT HiPER 840G up to version 3.1.1-190328 and poses a significant risk to users of this product.
The vulnerability affects the API component of the UTT HiPER 840G, specifically the function sub_484E40 of the file /goform/formP2PLimitConfig. The problem arises due to a manipulable argument leading to buffer overflow, which could potentially allow a remote attacker to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6734
Severity: Critical, CVSS Severity Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT HiPER 840G | up to 3.1.1-190328

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the function sub_484E40 of the file /goform/formP2PLimitConfig in the API component of the UTT HiPER 840G. It stems from a buffer overflow condition that occurs when the ‘except’ argument is manipulated. This can lead to an overflow of the data buffer, and since the system does not correctly validate the size of the input, an attacker can overflow the buffer with arbitrary code.
This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without any user interaction or elevated privileges. Once the buffer overflow occurs, the attacker can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the process, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates a potential exploit scenario. Note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploitation would require more complex code.
```
POST /goform/formP2PLimitConfig HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
except=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this example, the ‘except’ argument is overloaded with a large number of ‘A’ characters, which could overflow the buffer and potentially allow the execution of arbitrary code.
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6733: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT HiPER 840G
Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, the discovery of a new vulnerability always raises concerns. A recent one that has caught attention is CVE-2025-6733, a critical buffer overflow vulnerability found in UTT HiPER 840G up to version 3.1.1-190328. This vulnerability affects the API component of the device, particularly the function sub_416928 of the file /goform/formConfigDnsFilterGlobal. The manipulation of the argument GroupName can lead to a buffer overflow, which could potentially cause severe damage to the integrity of the system.
This vulnerability is of significant concern due to its severity and the fact that the exploit has been publicly disclosed. This means that potential attackers are aware of the vulnerability and can exploit it. The vendor was notified about this issue, but they haven’t responded yet, heightening the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6733
Severity: Critical – CVSS Score: 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT HiPER 840G | Up to 3.1.1-190328

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides within the function sub_416928 of the file /goform/formConfigDnsFilterGlobal. When a remote attacker sends specially crafted input to the GroupName argument of this function, it triggers a buffer overflow. This overflow can cause the system’s memory to be overwritten, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, system crashes, and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is for illustrative purposes only:
```
POST /goform/formConfigDnsFilterGlobal HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "GroupName": "A"*10000 }
```
In this example, the GroupName argument is filled with a string of ‘A’ characters that exceed the buffer’s capacity, leading to overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be employed as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can help detect and prevent potential exploit attempts.
July 3, 2025
CVE-2025-6732: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT HiPER 840G
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with vulnerabilities that can potentially compromise systems, lead to data leakage, or facilitate malicious activities. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-6732, a critical buffer overflow vulnerability found in UTT HiPER 840G up to version 3.1.1-190328. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its severity and the potential for remote exploitation. It affects the API component of the router, specifically the strcpy function of /goform/setSysAdm file, and is a stark reminder of the importance of proactive cybersecurity measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6732
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT HiPER 840G | up to 3.1.1-190328

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the buffer overflow potential of the strcpy function of /goform/setSysAdm file of the API component. By manipulating the argument passwd1, an attacker can cause the system to overflow the buffer, leading to potential system compromise. The attack can be initiated remotely, thus increasing the risk significantly. It is noteworthy that the exploit has been disclosed publicly, thereby increasing the possibility of its use in malicious activities.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is presented below. This is a conceptual representation and should not be used for malicious purposes.
```
POST /goform/setSysAdm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
passwd1= [Insert long string that causes buffer overflow]
```
Mitigation and Recommendations

While the vendor, UTT Technologies, has not yet issued a patch, it is highly recommended to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation measures. Moreover, regular auditing of router configurations and continuous monitoring of network traffic can help identify any irregularities indicative of a potential exploit.
Furthermore, as a general rule, devices should be updated regularly to the latest firmware version to protect against known vulnerabilities, and default passwords should be changed to strong, unique passwords to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.
July 3, 2025