Author: Ameeba

Overview

A new vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-9443, has been discovered in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1 that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This flaw affects the function formeditUserName of the file /goform/editUserName, and its exploitation could result in a buffer overflow. Given that the exploit has already been published, the vulnerability poses an immediate threat to all users of the affected versions of the product.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9443
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda | CH22 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is rooted in the function formeditUserName of the file /goform/editUserName. A user-supplied input is not properly validated for its length before it gets processed. This lack of input validation allows an attacker to submit a crafted request with an overly long ‘new_account’ argument value. This causes a buffer overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or system crashes.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual code snippet shows how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. They would craft an HTTP POST request to the /goform/editUserName endpoint, with a ‘new_account’ field containing a malicious payload that triggers the buffer overflow.

POST /goform/editUserName HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "new_account": "A"*1024 }

In this example, “A”*1024 represents an overly long string that exceeds the buffer capacity, leading to overflow. Be aware that this is a simplified representation and the actual exploitation would likely involve more sophisticated techniques to execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

It is strongly recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. If that is not immediately possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and auditing of the affected systems are also advised to detect any unusual activity.

Overview

This blog post provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2025-57760 vulnerability discovered in the Langflow tool, a tool widely used for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user with remote code execution (RCE) access to escalate their privilege, ultimately gaining superuser access. This threat is particularly alarming as it makes potential system compromise or data leakage feasible, posing a significant risk to affected users and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57760
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated User)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise; data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Langflow | All versions up to the latest release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a privilege escalation vulnerability in Langflow. An authenticated user with RCE access can invoke the internal CLI command `langflow superuser` to create a new administrative user. This enables them to gain full superuser access, even if they initially registered through the UI as a regular (non-admin) account.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example illustrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a shell command after gaining RCE access:

$ langflow superuser --username NewAdmin --password SecurePassword

With this command, an attacker creates a new user with superuser permissions, enabling them to have full control over the system, potentially compromising it or leaking sensitive data.

Impact

The impact of this vulnerability is significant. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability can gain full superuser access, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data. Given the high CVSS score of 8.8, it’s clear that the severity of this vulnerability is high and can cause considerable damage to affected systems and data.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

As of now, the vendor has not released a patched version. Until a fix is available, users are advised to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can detect and block suspicious activities, providing a certain level of protection against the exploitation of this vulnerability.
Stay tuned for updates regarding the release of a security patch and always ensure your systems are up-to-date with the latest security updates and patches.

Overview

CVE-2025-55409 is a significant security vulnerability identified in FoxCMS version 1.2.6. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As FoxCMS is widely used as a content management system, this vulnerability poses severe risk to numerous websites, potentially affecting their data integrity, system control, and overall online security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55409
Severity: High – 8.8 (CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FoxCMS | 1.2.6

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting malicious code in the /index.php/article path of the FoxCMS system. The flaw exists due to insufficient sanitization of user inputs in the said path. When a user visits a manipulated page, the unfiltered input launches a Cross-Site Scripting attack, enabling the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the victim’s browser. This can lead to session hijacking, identity theft, defacement of the affected site, or even the redirection of the user to malicious web locations.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request with a malicious payload:

GET /index.php/article?input=<script>malicious_code_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, ‘malicious_code_here’ represents the attacker’s arbitrary code that will be executed in the user’s browser.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of FoxCMS 1.2.6 should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. Until the patch can be applied, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and prevent malicious XSS payloads from being executed.
To prevent such vulnerabilities in the future, developers should adopt secure coding practices such as input validation, output encoding, and use of security headers to mitigate XSS attacks. Additionally, conducting regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can help identify and fix vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

Overview

This post discusses an urgent security issue related to the SAIL Image Decoding Library, specifically version 0.9.8. The vulnerability, labeled CVE-2025-53510, is a memory corruption flaw that could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability has been identified in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the library, and poses a significant threat to any software or systems that utilize this library for image processing. More importantly, it could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable system, leading to severe consequences.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53510
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library. It occurs when a specifically crafted .psd file is loaded into the library. An integer overflow can be made to occur when calculating the stride for decoding the image. This overflow subsequently causes a heap-based buffer to overflow during decoding, potentially leading to remote code execution. The attacker would need to convince the library to read a maliciously crafted file to exploit this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode represents a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, a maliciously crafted .psd file is loaded into the library, causing an integer overflow and subsequent buffer overflow.

# Create a maliciously crafted .psd file
create_malicious_psd_file("malicious.psd")
# Load the malicious .psd file into the library
load_into_library("malicious.psd")
# The above command triggers an integer overflow and subsequent buffer overflow

Please note that this pseudocode is only a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited, and is not meant to be an actual exploit code.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8 are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation method. Always maintain a robust security posture by keeping all software and systems updated, and educating users about the risks associated with opening files from unknown sources.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered on a frequent basis. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-53085, a memory corruption vulnerability, which exists in the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. This vulnerability is significant as it impacts the PSD RLE Decoding functionality which is widely used for image data decompression. This vulnerability can lead to a heap-based buffer overflow, enabling remote code execution. The severity of this vulnerability lies in its potential for system compromise and data leakage, making it a critical concern for any organization or individual using this version of the library.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53085
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a flaw in the PSD RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library. When a specially crafted .psd file is decompressed, it can cause a heap-based buffer overflow. This overflow, in turn, allows for remote code execution. An attacker would need to convince the library to read this malicious .psd file to trigger the vulnerability, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode gives a conceptual idea of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It involves the process of decompressing a malicious .psd file which triggers the heap-based buffer overflow and leads to remote code execution.

# Pseudocode
def trigger_vulnerability(file):
library = load_library('SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8')
psd_file = open(file, 'rb')
image_data = library.decompress(psd_file)
execute_remote_code(image_data)
trigger_vulnerability('malicious.psd')

This pseudocode represents the process an attacker might follow to exploit the vulnerability. The ‘malicious.psd’ file would be a specially crafted .psd file that causes a heap-based buffer overflow when decompressed using the vulnerable version of the SAIL Image Decoding Library.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has disclosed a significant vulnerability in RaspAP raspap-webgui 3.3.2 and earlier versions. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-50428, is a command injection flaw that exists due to the improper sanitization of user input. This vulnerability directly impacts the includes/hostapd.php script, making it a critical issue that needs prompt attention. This issue is noteworthy as it can potentially lead to system compromises and data leakage if exploited successfully, affecting anyone who operates on these versions of RaspAP raspap-webgui.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50428
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RaspAP raspap-webgui | 3.3.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper sanitization of user input which is passed via the interface parameter in the includes/hostapd.php script. As a result, an attacker can inject malicious commands into this parameter. When the system processes this input, it inadvertently executes these commands, leading to potential unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While this is purely conceptual and not an actual exploit, the following snippet provides an idea of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This could be a sample HTTP request, where the attacker injects a malicious command into the interface parameter.

POST /includes/hostapd.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
interface=;[malicious command]

In this example, the malicious command would be executed by the system, potentially leading to unauthorized actions.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate the risk posed by the CVE-2025-50428 vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, usage of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation. Additionally, it’s good practice to ensure that all user inputs are sanitized properly to prevent such command injection vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-52930 is a severe vulnerability that exists in the BMPv3 RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. This vulnerability could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any system or application that uses this library. The gravity of this vulnerability is heightened due to the fact that an attacker can trigger it remotely, simply by convincing the library to read a maliciously crafted .bmp file. Therefore, it is essential for all users and developers of the SAIL Image Decoding Library to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52930
Severity: High Risk, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote code execution
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the BMPv3 RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library. When decompressing the image data from a specially crafted .bmp file, a heap-based buffer overflow can occur. This buffer overflow can then be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system. The attacker needs to craft a .bmp file in such a way that it triggers the vulnerability when the library reads the file.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

# Pseudocode
def create_malicious_bmp():
# Create a buffer overflow in the .bmp file
bmp_data = create_buffer_overflow()
# Save the malicious payload in the .bmp file
bmp_file = save_to_file(bmp_data, 'malicious.bmp')
return bmp_file
def exploit_vulnerability(target_system, bmp_file):
# Use the SAIL Image Decoding Library to read the .bmp file
target_system.read_file_with_sail(bmp_file)
# The buffer overflow triggers, executing the malicious code

This pseudocode illustrates how an attacker can create a malicious .bmp file that, when read by the SAIL Image Decoding Library, triggers a buffer overflow and executes arbitrary code.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If a patch is not readily available, a temporary mitigation solution would be to make use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can monitor and filter out the malicious .bmp files and prevent the SAIL Image Decoding Library from reading them, thus blocking the attack vector.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has emerged in the popular SAIL Image Decoding Library. This vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-52456, is of particular concern due to its potential to cause significant damage to systems and data. The SAIL Image Decoding Library is widely used in various applications that handle image processing, making this vulnerability a threat to a large number of systems.
Known as a memory corruption vulnerability, this issue resides in the WebP Image Decoding functionality of the library. It could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. As such, it is critical for organizations using the affected library to understand and address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52456
Severity: Critical 8.8 (CVSS 3.x)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in question is a memory corruption issue that arises when a specially crafted .webp animation is loaded using the SAIL Image Decoding Library. An integer overflow can occur during the calculation of the stride for decoding. This overflow, in turn, can cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when the image is being decoded.
The result? An attacker, with the right knowledge and tools, could leverage this overflow to execute arbitrary code remotely. It’s important to note that the attacker would need to convince the affected library to read a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

While a full-fledged exploit is beyond the scope of this blog post, the following pseudocode snippet provides a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

# Sample pseudocode for exploiting CVE-2025-52456
def exploit(target_url, malicious_webp):
# Step 1: Craft a malicious .webp file that triggers integer overflow
crafted_webp = craft_malicious_webp(malicious_webp)
# Step 2: Send the malicious .webp file to the target
send_webp_to_target(target_url, crafted_webp)
# Step 3: If successful, the buffer overflow allows for remote code execution
execute_remote_code(target_url)

In this example, the ‘craft_malicious_webp’ function would generate a .webp file designed to trigger the integer overflow in the stride calculation for decoding, leading to a buffer overflow. The ‘send_webp_to_target’ function would then send this malicious .webp file to the target system. Finally, if the attack is successful, the ‘execute_remote_code’ function would allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. However, as a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching your systems can help to safeguard them against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities can often lurk in the most unexpected places. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-50129, is a memory corruption issue found in the PCX Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. Given the widespread usage of this library in various applications that handle image processing, this vulnerability potentially impacts a large number of software systems.
This vulnerability matters because it allows for remote code execution. In other words, a malicious actor could exploit this vulnerability to run arbitrary code on the targeted system. This could lead to system compromise and data leakage, posing a significant security threat to both individuals and organizations that rely on systems using this library.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50129
Severity: Critical (8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the PCX Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library. When this library decodes image data from a specially crafted .tga file, a heap-based buffer overflow can occur. This buffer overflow can then be exploited by an attacker to perform remote code execution.
The attacker would need to convince the library to read a malicious .tga file to trigger this vulnerability. This could be achieved by various means, such as social engineering techniques to trick users into opening the malicious file.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specifics of the exploit will vary based on the target environment and the attacker’s objectives, a rough pseudocode representation of exploiting the vulnerability might look like this:

# Create malicious TGA file
malicious_tga = create_malicious_tga_file()
# Send the malicious TGA file to the target system
send_file_to_target(malicious_tga, target_system)
# Wait for the target system to open the file, triggering the vulnerability
wait_for_file_to_be_opened(target_system)
# Execute arbitrary code on the target system
execute_remote_code(target_system)

In this pseudocode, `create_malicious_tga_file` would generate a .tga file designed to cause a buffer overflow in the SAIL Image Decoding Library. The `send_file_to_target` function would then send this file to the target system, and `wait_for_file_to_be_opened` would wait until the target system opens the file, triggering the vulnerability. Finally, `execute_remote_code` would utilize the buffer overflow to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Overview

CVE-2025-52122 represents a major cyber threat that cybersecurity experts and system administrators managing CraftCMS should be aware of. The vulnerability impacts the Freeform plugin, versions 5.0.0 to 5.10.15, a widely used component of CraftCMS. This vulnerability is highly critical, primarily because it allows arbitrary code injection by any user with access to form editing. As a result, it opens the door for potential system compromise and data leakage, putting sensitive content at risk of exposure.
The reason why this matters is that CraftCMS and its Freeform plugin are often used by organizations to manage and display content online. If the vulnerability is exploited, not only could an attacker gain access to sensitive data, but they could also take control of the system, leading to severe operational disruptions and potential financial losses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52122
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Limited to users with form editing access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Freeform Plugin for CraftCMS | 5.0.0 to 5.10.15

How the Exploit Works

The Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in Freeform allows an attacker to inject arbitrary code into the CraftCMS system. The exploit is possible because user input in the form submission title field is not correctly sanitized. An attacker with access to form editing can inject malicious code in the form’s title field, which the server then processes as a template, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability could be exploited is shown in the following HTTP request:

POST /craftcms/form/edit HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: SESSIONID=...
{
"form_id": "1",
"title": "{{'7'*7}}",
}

In this example, the attacker uses the title field in the form to inject a simple template expression `{{‘7’*7}}` which when processed by the server, gets evaluated as ’49. Note that this is a harmless example, but a malicious actor could inject much harmful code.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of affected versions of the Freeform plugin should apply the vendor’s patch immediately. If applying the patch is not immediately feasible, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. It is crucial to remember that these are temporary fixes and that the most effective solution is to apply the vendor’s patch to completely eliminate the vulnerability.