Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20100 represents a significant risk for systems utilizing certain Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processors with E-cores. Improper access control in the memory controller configurations of these processors may potentially allow a privileged user to escalate their permissions through local access, leading to severe consequences such as system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20100
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High (privileged user)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 Processor E-cores | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of improper access control in the memory controller configurations of Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processors with E-cores. A privileged user can manipulate these configurations to escalate their privileges. This could allow the malicious user to execute commands or access data they should not have access to, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited in a Linux environment:

# Privileged user accesses the memory controller configuration
sudo cat /proc/meminfo
# Maliciously modifies memory controller configuration
echo "malicious_configuration" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs

This is a simplified example for illustrative purposes. Actual exploitation would likely involve more complex manipulation of memory controller configurations, and potentially other system components.
In response to this vulnerability, Intel has provided a patch to correct the access control configurations. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-20083, is an improper authentication flaw found in the firmware of the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader. It is a critical issue that may permit a privileged user to escalate their privileges via local access. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage, affecting all systems running the vulnerable versions of this firmware.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20083
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High (Privileged User)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Slim Bootloader | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper authentication mechanism in the firmware of the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader. A locally authenticated user with high privileges can exploit this flaw to escalate their privileges. The exact technical details of the exploit are not disclosed to prevent misuse, but it involves manipulating the authentication process to gain higher-level permissions.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It’s written in pseudocode for illustrative purposes:

def exploit(target_system):
if check_high_privileges(target_system.user):
manipulate_auth_process(target_system.firmware)
if check_escalated_privilege(target_system.user):
print("Privilege escalation successful.")
compromise_system(target_system)
else:
print("Exploit failed.")
else:
print("High privileged user required.")

This pseudocode represents a situation where an attacker, already having high privileges on the target system, attempts to manipulate the authentication process of the vulnerable firmware. If successful, the attacker escalates their privileges and compromises the system.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective solution is to apply the vendor’s patch for this vulnerability. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring for suspicious activities and enforcing least privilege principle can also help to limit the potential impact from this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20082 is a time-of-check time-of-use race condition found in the UEFI firmware SmiVariable driver. This vulnerability notably affects Intel(R) Server D50DNP and M50FCP boards, posing a significant threat to the security of these systems. It grants a privileged user the ability to escalate privileges via local access, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20082
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Server D50DNP | All versions prior to patch
Intel(R) Server M50FCP | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a race condition in the UEFI firmware SmiVariable driver. A race condition occurs when the system’s behavior is dependent on the sequence or timing of uncontrollable events. In this case, a privileged user can exploit the time lapse between the check (time-of-check) and the use (time-of-use) of a variable. This allows the user to alter the variable during this time lapse, escalating their privileges and potentially compromising the system or leaking data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

// Attacker with high privileges executes code
function exploitRaceCondition() {
checkVariable(); // Time-of-check
delay(); // Time lapse
alterVariable(); // Time-of-use, altering the variable during the time lapse
}
exploitRaceCondition();

This code snippet represents the basic logic an attacker might follow to exploit this vulnerability, using their high privileges to check, delay, and then alter a variable.

Overview

This report explores CVE-2025-30397, a significant vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Scripting Engine. This flaw, characterized by access of a resource using an incompatible type (‘type confusion’), could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. This vulnerability is of particular concern to network administrators and organizations using Microsoft products, as its exploitation can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30397
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Scripting Engine | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

This exploitation leverages a ‘type confusion’ vulnerability in the Microsoft Scripting Engine. The flaw occurs when the system accesses a resource using an incompatible type, disrupting the normal flow of data and potentially leading to unintended behavior. In this case, an attacker can manipulate this behavior to execute arbitrary code over a network without any user interaction or privilege requirement, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /exploit/cve-2025-30397 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"type_confusion_payload": "arbitrary_code_to_execute"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious payload `arbitrary_code_to_execute` through an HTTP POST request. This payload triggers the ‘type confusion’ vulnerability in the Microsoft Scripting Engine, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporary mitigation measures such as using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be employed.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-29971 is a critical issue present in the Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) system. It allows an unauthorized attacker to exploit an out-of-bounds read, causing a denial of service over a network, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects all systems running WTD.sys, making it a significant concern for organizations and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29971
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Web Threat Defense System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds read in the WTD.sys system. An attacker sends specially crafted packets over the network to the target system. These packets trigger the out-of-bounds read, causing the WTD.sys to crash, which in turn creates a denial of service condition. In some instances, this vulnerability could also lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The below is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious packet triggering the out-of-bounds read.

GET /WTD.sys/process_packet?index=-1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The `index=-1` in the request is an example of the kind of malicious input that could trigger an out-of-bounds read, as it is an invalid value for the packet index.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If applying the patch is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by blocking malicious packets that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-29969 is a critical security flaw found in Windows Fundamentals, which could potentially allow an authorized attacker to execute malicious code over a network. This vulnerability is significant due to the widespread use of Windows systems worldwide and could lead to serious security breaches, including complete system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29969
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Fundamentals | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in Windows Fundamentals. An attacker can manipulate the timing of operations to execute unauthorized commands or access sensitive data. This occurs when the system checks an operation’s permissions and when the operation is performed. If the state of the system changes between these two events, it may allow the attacker to carry out actions they would otherwise be prevented from doing.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a shell command:

# Attacker monitors the system for a vulnerable operation
monitor_operation(){
while true; do
if [ -f /path/to/vulnerable/file ]; then
# Launch malicious actions when the vulnerable operation is detected
malicious_actions
fi
done
}
# Attacker's malicious actions
malicious_actions(){
echo "malicious code" > /path/to/vulnerable/file
}
# Attacker starts monitoring
monitor_operation &

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker could monitor a system for a vulnerable operation and then execute malicious actions when the operation is detected. This is a simplification of the actual exploit but illustrates the general mechanism of a TOCTOU race condition.

Overview

CVE-2025-29842 refers to a critical vulnerability in UrlMon that allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature by blending extraneous untrusted data with trusted data. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting any system or application relying on UrlMon.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29842
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UrlMon | All versions before patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a flaw in UrlMon where it does not properly differentiate between trusted and untrusted data input. An attacker can exploit this by merging untrusted data with trusted data, thus bypassing the security feature. This could potentially grant unauthorized access to sensitive data or even allow control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"trusted_data": "..."
"untrusted_data": "malicious_payload"
}

In this hypothetical scenario, an attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with both trusted and untrusted data. The untrusted data contains a malicious payload that the system accepts due to the flaw in UrlMon.
It is essential to address this vulnerability immediately. The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) might help detect and prevent exploitation attempts.

Overview

This report discusses the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29831, which targets the Remote Desktop Gateway Service. This vulnerability holds significant importance due to its potential to allow unauthorized attackers to execute code over a network, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Any system utilizing the Remote Desktop Gateway Service is at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29831
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Remote Desktop Gateway Service | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a use-after-free vulnerability in the Remote Desktop Gateway Service. An attacker can send specially crafted requests over the network to the Remote Desktop Gateway Service, which due to the vulnerability, incorrectly handles memory operations. As a result, the attacker can execute arbitrary code on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /rdg/service/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<CODE TO EXPLOIT USE-AFTER-FREE VULNERABILITY>" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint of the Remote Desktop Gateway Service with a malicious payload designed to exploit the use-after-free vulnerability. This can result in unauthorized code execution, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2025-29831 vulnerability, affected entities should apply the latest vendor-provided patch for the Remote Desktop Gateway Service. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block exploit attempts.

Overview

CVE-2025-26677 is a serious vulnerability found in the Remote Desktop Gateway Service that, if exploited, can lead to uncontrolled resource consumption. This vulnerability can be utilized by unauthorized attackers to cause a denial of service over a network. Given the widespread use of Remote Desktop Gateway Service across various industries, this vulnerability possesses a significant threat to businesses and individuals alike, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26677
Severity: High, with a CVSS Score of 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Remote Desktop Gateway Service | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

An unauthorized attacker initiates this exploit by sending a multitude of requests to the Remote Desktop Gateway Service over the network. Due to lack of proper resource control, these requests lead to excessive resource consumption, ultimately causing a denial of service. This can further pave the way for a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a flood of network requests:

POST /rdp-gateway/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "request_payload": "..." }
# Repeat the request multiple times to trigger uncontrolled resource consumption

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure by monitoring and limiting the number of incoming requests.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47276 in Actualizer, a single shell script solution that allows developers and embedded engineers to build Debian operating systems. The vulnerability has resulted from the use of OpenSSL’s “-passwd” function, which uses SHA512 for password hashing, increasing the risk of potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant concern to all users of Actualizer who are building a full Debian Operating System.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47276
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Actualizer | Versions prior to 1.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the insecure password hashing implementation in Actualizer. Prior to version 1.2.0, the tool uses OpenSSL’s “-passwd” function, which uses SHA512 instead of a more secure password hasher such as Yescript/Argon2i. An attacker could potentially crack these hashed passwords, resulting in unauthorized system access.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a hypothetical scenario where an attacker attempts to crack hashed passwords. The attacker first obtains the hashed password, possibly through methods such as data leakage or network sniffing:

# Obtained hashed password
hashed_password='SHA512$...'

The attacker then uses a password cracking tool to attempt decryption:

# Password cracking attempt
john --format=Raw-SHA512 --wordlist=passwords.txt hashed_password

The `john` command represents a popular password cracking tool, and `–format=Raw-SHA512` specifies the format of the hashed password. The `–wordlist=passwords.txt` option specifies a file containing potential passwords.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should upgrade to version 1.2.0 of Actualizer. For existing OS deployments, manual password changes are required for both the alpha and root accounts. The change will deploy Debian’s yescript, replacing the older SHA512 hash created by OpenSSL. As a temporary workaround, users can reset the passwords for both `root` and “Alpha” users. Alternatively, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.