Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21604, identified in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, poses a significant threat to system security. It allows network-based attackers to create a Denial of Service (DoS), which could lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its broad reach, affecting a wide range of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21604
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | All versions earlier than 20.4R3-S7-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 21.2R1-EVO and later
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 21.4-EVO versions earlier than 21.4R3-S5-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.1-EVO versions earlier than 22.1R3-S2-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.2-EVO versions earlier than 22.2R3-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.3-EVO versions earlier than 22.3R2-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.4-EVO versions earlier than 22.4R2-EVO

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, which fails to allocate resources without limits or throttling. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a high rate of specific valid packets to be processed by the routing engine. This overload of packets leads to a loss of connectivity of the routing engine with other system components, causing a complete and persistent system outage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method to exploit this vulnerability may vary, a conceptual example might involve an attacker flooding the network with packets in a targeted attack. This could be done using a tool like hping3:

hping3 -i u1 -S -p 80 target_IP

In this example, `-i u1` sends one packet every microsecond, `-S` sets the SYN flag, `-p 80` targets port 80, and `target_IP` is the IP address of the targeted system. This is a simplified example and the actual exploit may involve more complex techniques or specific types of packets.

Overview

The CVE-2024-21602 vulnerability resides in Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, specifically affecting ACX7024, ACX7100-32C, and ACX7100-48L models. This vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated network-based attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, making it a severe threat to the availability of affected devices and the network(s) they serve.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21602
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Junos OS Evolved on ACX7024 | 21.4-EVO versions earlier than 21.4R3-S6-EVO
Junos OS Evolved on ACX7100-32C | 22.1-EVO versions earlier than 22.1R3-S5-EVO
Junos OS Evolved on ACX7100-48L | 22.2-EVO versions earlier than 22.2R2-S1-EVO, 22.2R3-EVO

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted IPv4 UDP packet to the target device. Upon receipt and processing of this packet, a NULL Pointer Dereference error is triggered in the Routing Engine (RE), causing the packetio to crash and restart. This leads to a momentary traffic interruption. If the attacker continues to send these malicious packets, it can result in a sustained DoS condition.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact structure of the malicious packet is not detailed in the source data, the conceptual example might look something like this:

import socket
target_ip = "192.0.2.1"
target_port = 12345
# Create UDP socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# Craft malicious IPv4 UDP packet
malicious_packet = b'\x00' * 1024  # This is a hypothetical representation
# Send the packet
sock.sendto(malicious_packet, (target_ip, target_port))

This example is
purely conceptual
and is intended to illustrate the method of exploit, not provide a specific exploit code. The actual structure of the packet would be determined by the specific vulnerability in the target software.

Overview

This report discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-21595, that affects the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) in Juniper Networks Junos OS. The flaw can result in a Denial of Service (DoS), potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. The vulnerability affects a range of network devices, making it pertinent to businesses and network administrators alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21595
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Juniper Networks Junos OS | 21.4R3 versions earlier than 21.4R3-S4
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.1R3 versions earlier than 22.1R3-S3
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.2R2 versions earlier than 22.2R3-S1
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.4 versions earlier than 22.4R2
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 23.1 versions earlier than 23.1R2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper validation of the syntactic correctness of input in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specific type of ICMP traffic at a high rate to a targeted device with VXLAN configured. This action causes a deadlock of the PFE, rendering the device unresponsive and necessitating a manual restart.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual shell command that an attacker might use to generate the specific ICMP traffic needed to exploit the vulnerability:

hping3 -1 --flood -a TARGET_IP ATTACKER_IP

In this example, `-1` indicates the ICMP protocol, `–flood` sends packets as fast as possible, `-a TARGET_IP` specifies the target device’s IP address, and `ATTACKER_IP` is the IP of the attacking machine.

Overview

The Backup Migration plugin for WordPress has been identified as vulnerable to unauthorized data access. This vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to, and including, 1.3.6. The potential for data leakage and system compromise is a significant concern as back-up files containing sensitive information such as user passwords, PII, database credentials, and more, can be downloaded by unauthenticated attackers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6266
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to data, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Backup Migration Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.3.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the BMI_BACKUP case of the handle_downloading function, which lacks sufficient path and file validation. This oversight allows attackers to send crafted requests to the server and download back-up files without authentication. The retrieved files can contain sensitive information, providing the attacker with valuable data and possible access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP request, as shown conceptually below:

GET /wp-content/plugins/backup-migration/app/backup_restore/dl.php?file=../wp-config.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this request, the attacker is attempting to download the ‘wp-config.php’ file, which is often found in WordPress installations and contains sensitive database credentials. This file is just an example, and the attacker can attempt to download any file from the server.

Mitigation Guidance

As a mitigation measure, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring of system logs for any unusual activity is also recommended.

Overview

The CVE-2023-42869 vulnerability is a critical software flaw that affects macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 16.5, and iPadOS 16.5. This vulnerability is significant due to the widespread use of these Apple platforms. The flaw exists in libxml2, a software library used for parsing XML documents, and can lead to memory corruption issues. If exploited, this vulnerability could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-42869
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS | Ventura 13.4
iOS | 16.5
iPadOS | 16.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves sending malicious XML data to an application that uses the libxml2 library. The library fails to properly validate the input, leading to memory corruption. This corruption can then be leveraged by the attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially gain control of the system or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a malicious XML document that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE root [
<!ENTITY loop SYSTEM "file:///dev/random">
]>
<exploit>&loop;</exploit>

In this example, the XML document refers to a local file (`/dev/random`), which can lead to a memory exhaustion condition that crashes the application or even the entire system. In a real-world attack, such a file could be replaced with a crafted payload to exploit the memory corruption vulnerability and execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by Apple for macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 16.5, and iPadOS 16.5. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2023-40393 vulnerability is an authentication bypass issue that affects users of macOS Sonoma 14, particularly those who utilize the Hidden Photos Album feature. The vulnerability, once exploited, allows unauthorized viewing of photos without proper authentication, leading to potential data leakage and system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-40393
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data (photos) leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS Sonoma | 14

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the state management issue in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker can send specially crafted requests to the system, bypassing the authentication mechanism guarding the Hidden Photos Album. This allows them to access and view sensitive photos without the required permissions or authentication.

Conceptual Example Code

Please note, this is a conceptual example and does not represent an actual exploit code.

GET /photos/hidden/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target-mac-device
Authorization: Bypass
{
"request": "view_all"
}

In this hypothetical example, an attacker sends a GET request to the photos/hidden endpoint of the target Mac device. The “Authorization: Bypass” header is used to exploit the vulnerability and bypass the authentication process. The “request”: “view_all” in the message body instructs the system to return all hidden photos.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. As a temporary solution, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regular monitoring of system logs and network traffic can also help in identifying any suspicious activities.

Overview

This report focuses on a critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-51127, found in FLIR AX8 thermal sensor cameras. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive files, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Being a high-risk issue with a CVSS severity score of 7.5, it is crucial for users and administrators of affected products to understand and mitigate this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-51127
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FLIR AX8 Thermal Sensor Cameras | Up to and including 1.46.16

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper access restriction within the FLIR AX8 thermal sensor cameras. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this by uploading a specially crafted symbolic link file. This file, when uploaded, allows the attacker to traverse directories and access arbitrary sensitive file contents. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to confidential data or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an HTTP request:

POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="symlink.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
../../../../../etc/passwd
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious POST request to the upload endpoint of the target system, containing a symbolic link file that points to a sensitive system file (`/etc/passwd`).

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected products should apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. If the patch cannot be applied due to any reason, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2023-49738 is an information disclosure vulnerability identified in the image404Raw.php functionality of WWBN AVideo dev master commit 15fed957fb. This vulnerability poses a serious threat to data privacy as it allows the potential for system compromise and data leakage via a specially crafted HTTP request. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS Severity Score of 7.5, indicating a high level of severity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49738
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WWBN AVideo | dev master commit 15fed957fb

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the image404Raw.php functionality of the affected AVideo product. This allows an attacker to arbitrarily read files, which could reveal sensitive information and potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path/to/image404Raw.php?file=../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the ‘file’ parameter is manipulated to traverse the file system and read a file that should not be accessible, such as the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains user account information.

Mitigation

Users of the affected product are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on HTTP requests that appear to be exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2023-45139, pertains to an issue in the popular Python library, fontTools. This is used widely for manipulating fonts and has a significant user base across many sectors. The vulnerability, specifically an XML External Entity (XXE) Injection, exists within the library’s subsetting module. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited, causing significant security concerns for users of the affected version of the library.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-45139
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

fontTools Python Library | Versions before 4.43.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits a flaw in the subsetting module of fontTools. Specifically, the module fails to properly handle XML entities within SVG tables of OT-SVG fonts. As a result, an attacker can manipulate these entities to include arbitrary files from the file system or make web requests from the host system. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example shows how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

# Import the vulnerable library
import fontTools
# Load a malicious OT-SVG font with an XML entity pointing to a sensitive file
malicious_font = fontTools.ttLib.TTFont("/path/to/malicious_font.otf")
# Parse the font, triggering the vulnerability
malicious_font.parse()

In this example, the “malicious_font.otf” file contains an SVG table with an XML entity that points to a sensitive file or a remote server. When the `parse()` function is called, the XML entity is resolved, leading to a potential data leak or system compromise.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been hit by a new vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-49427. This vulnerability is a Buffer Overflow bug that impacts the Tenda AX12 router, specifically version V22.03.01.46. It poses a significant threat as it allows remote attackers to launch a denial of service (DoS) attack via a specific list parameter in the SetNetControlList function. This vulnerability has the potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data, emphasizing the necessity for immediate action.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49427
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service attack, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AX12 | V22.03.01.46

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the SetNetControlList function of the Tenda AX12’s firmware. The function does not adequately check the size of user input in the ‘list’ parameter. This lack of boundary checking allows an attacker to supply a larger-than-expected payload, causing a buffer overflow. Consequently, the overflow can be used to cause a DoS attack, crash the system, or potentially inject malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual exploit of this vulnerability might look like the following HTTP request, where the ‘list’ parameter contains an oversized payload:

POST /SetNetControlList HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"list": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...(continues)"
}

In the above pseudocode example, the ‘list’ parameter is filled with an excessive amount of data, which could potentially overflow the buffer and lead to the execution of malicious code or cause a system crash, resulting in a DoS attack.

Mitigation

To remediate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patch released by the vendor. If no patch is available, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure to monitor and block potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. Furthermore, limiting the size of accepted input, or implementing a proper boundary check, can provide an additional layer of protection.