Author: Ameeba

Overview

In today’s post, we are going to delve into a recently disclosed vulnerability, CVE-2025-8857, which could potentially compromise the Clinic Image System developed by Changing. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the high severity score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk. Clinics, hospitals, and healthcare providers using this system are at risk of unauthorized access and data leakage, which could not only disrupt their operations but also violate patient privacy regulations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8857
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Clinic Image System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from hard-coded administrative credentials embedded in the source code of the Clinic Image System. This allows any remote attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms and log into the system using these credentials.
Once logged in with administrator privileges, the attacker could potentially have unfettered access to sensitive information, including patient data. Moreover, they could manipulate system configurations, disrupt operations, or even introduce malicious software into the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.clinicimagesystem.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_admin_user",
"password": "hardcoded_admin_password"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the login endpoint of the Clinic Image System with the hard-coded admin credentials, gaining unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

As a temporary mitigation measure, users of the Clinic Image System can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities.
However, the recommended long-term solution is to apply the vendor patch which removes the hard-coded credentials from the source code. Users are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible to prevent potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Tenda AC21 and AC23 routers, specifically in the 16.03.08.16 version. This security flaw, identified as CVE-2025-9605, exposes the routers to remote attacks, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage. Given that Tenda routers are widely used globally, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to millions of Internet users, making it a matter of grave concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9605
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC21| 16.03.08.16
Tenda AC23| 16.03.08.16

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the GetParentControlInfo function of the file /goform/GetParentControlInfo. The attack is based on manipulating the ‘mac’ argument, which causes a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written into a block of memory, or buffer, than it can hold. In this case, the overflow occurs in the stack, a region of memory used for static data and local variables.
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted input to the affected function, causing the system to crash or execute arbitrary code. Since the attack can be launched remotely, the attacker does not need physical access to the device, making it easier to exploit and harder to detect.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is an HTTP POST request with a malicious payload, designed to exploit the buffer overflow vulnerability:

POST /goform/GetParentControlInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_ip
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mac": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }

In this example, the ‘mac’ argument is overfilled with ‘A’s. This causes a buffer overflow in the target system, potentially crashing it or allowing the execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected Tenda routers are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation measures. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only reduce the risk of exploit, not eliminate it. Therefore, applying the vendor patch remains the most effective way to secure systems against this vulnerability.

Overview

We are shining a spotlight on a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-57819, which affects FreePBX, a widely-used open-source web-based graphical user interface. This vulnerability exposes versions 15, 16, and 17 of FreePBX, potentially enabling unauthorized individuals to manipulate databases and execute remote codes. This issue is of utmost concern due to FreePBX’s extensive user base and the profound consequences of a successful exploit, which could result in system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57819
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreePBX | 15 (before 15.0.66)
FreePBX | 16 (before 16.0.89)
FreePBX | 17 (before 17.0.3)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-57819, arises from the insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data within FreePBX. An attacker can exploit this weakness by sending specially crafted HTTP requests containing malicious payloads to the server. The server, failing to adequately sanitize the input, may process the malicious data. This process can lead to unauthorized database manipulation, and in more severe instances, remote code execution. The exploit does not require any form of authentication or specialized privileges, making it easily exploitable and highly dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:

POST /admin/config.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user": "admin", "pass": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, an attacker sends a crafted JSON payload to the FreePBX admin login endpoint. The payload includes a SQL injection (‘; DROP TABLE users; –) within the password field. If the server fails to sanitize this input, it could lead to arbitrary database manipulation.

Mitigation

Users of FreePBX versions 15, 16, and 17 are urged to apply the vendor-provided patches (15.0.66, 16.0.89, and 17.0.3 respectively) as soon as possible to correct this critical vulnerability. In the interim, users may apply temporary mitigation methods such as deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious traffic. Regular audits of server logs may also aid in identifying any unauthorized access attempts.

Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, vulnerabilities that allow arbitrary file uploads pose a significant risk to any system. One such vulnerability has been identified in Paymenter, a free and open-source webshop solution popular among hosting providers. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-58048, can lead to a system-wide compromise or leakage of sensitive data if exploited by a malicious authenticated user.
This issue is particularly concerning due to the potential for arbitrary system commands to be executed under the web server user context. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is imperative that administrators who use Paymenter take immediate action to secure their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58048
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Paymenter | Prior to 1.2.11

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the ticket attachments functionality of Paymenter. A malicious authenticated user can exploit this by uploading arbitrary files. This can result in sensitive data extraction from the database, credentials being read from configuration files, and arbitrary system commands being run under the web server user context. The breadth of file types that can be uploaded and the lack of appropriate file validation are the primary cause of this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of an HTTP request that a malicious user might use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /upload/attachment HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-webshop.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "file": "[Base64 encoded malicious payload]" }

In this example, the malicious payload could be a script designed to extract data from the database or execute arbitrary system commands.

Recommended Mitigation

The vulnerability was patched with commit 87c3db4 and was released under the version 1.2.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to version 1.2.10. Administrators are strongly advised to upgrade to the patched version as soon as possible.
If upgrading is not immediately feasible, administrators can mitigate this vulnerability by updating the nginx configuration to download attachments instead of executing them or disallowing access to /storage/ entirely using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) such as Cloudflare.
In conclusion, the discovery and subsequent mitigation of CVE-2025-58048 underscores the importance of regular system updates and stringent security practices for protecting against cybersecurity threats.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is no stranger to vulnerabilities, but CVE-2025-55583 is one that holds a particularly high risk. This vulnerability resides in the D-Link DIR-868L B1 router firmware version FW2.05WWB02. It is an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability that can be exploited remotely, making it a critical issue for users and IT administrators. As routers form the backbone of internet connectivity in homes and businesses alike, the severity of this vulnerability cannot be understated. A successful exploit could potentially compromise the system or even lead to data leakage, thus posing a massive privacy and security threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55583
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-868L B1 Router | FW2.05WWB02

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability in the fileaccess.cgi component of the D-Link DIR-868L B1 router firmware. The endpoint /dws/api/UploadFile accepts a pre_api_arg parameter that is directly passed to system-level shell execution functions without any sanitization or authentication. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to this endpoint, allowing them to execute arbitrary commands as the root user on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is as follows:

POST /dws/api/UploadFile HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.router.ip
Content-Type: application/json
{ "pre_api_arg": "; rm -rf /;" }

In this example, the attacker is using the “pre_api_arg” parameter to inject a malicious command (; rm -rf /;) that would delete all files in the system. This is purely illustrative and demonstrates the potential severity of the vulnerability.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk of this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, blocking potential exploit attempts. As always, keeping your systems and applications updated with the latest patches and security fixes is the most effective way to protect against vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-55583.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities appearing each day. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-54742, has been found in the WpEvently software developed by magepeopleteam. This vulnerability, a deserialization of untrusted data, can allow object injection and potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It affects all versions of WpEvently up to 4.4.8. Given the severity of the potential impact, it is vital for all WpEvently users to be aware of this vulnerability and take the necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54742
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WpEvently | Up to 4.4.8

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits the deserialization of untrusted data in WpEvently, allowing for object injection. Deserialization is the process of converting a serialized object back into its original state. If the software does not properly validate or sanitize the serialized data before deserializing it, an attacker can manipulate the data to inject malicious objects or code. In this case, an attacker can remotely exploit the vulnerability without requiring any user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "malicious_object_here" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target server. The request includes a malicious serialized object, which gets deserialized by the server, leading to the execution of the malicious object.
In conclusion, it is of utmost importance to ensure that adequate measures are taken to mitigate this critical vulnerability. Apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

The new vulnerability, identified by CVE-2025-54738, represents a severe threat to users of NooTheme Jobmonster. This vulnerability falls under the category of Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. This particular flaw allows a potential attacker to abuse the authentication process. This puts millions of users at risk, as it can lead to unauthorized system access and potential data leakage, which could be disastrous, given the sensitive nature of the data typically handled by the Jobmonster application.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54738
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized system access, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NooTheme Jobmonster | up to and including 4.7.9

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the server. Due to improper handling of authentication requests in the affected versions of Jobmonster, an attacker could bypass the authentication process and gain unauthorized access to the system. The lack of proper input validation and security checks in the application’s code can allow an attacker to send malicious requests that the system interprets as legitimate.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability using a HTTP request:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "admin",
"password": " or '1'='1"
}

In this example, the attacker is exploiting a flaw in the application’s authentication logic. They’re providing a SQL injection payload in the password field (” or ‘1’=’1″) which tricks the system into returning a true statement, thereby bypassing the need for a valid password.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation approach, as they can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It is also recommended to review and improve the application’s authentication and input validation procedures to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The software industry is set to face another challenge with the emergence of a new security vulnerability, CVE-2025-54725. This vulnerability affects the uxper Golo, a popular software, and allows attackers to bypass its authentication mechanism. The severity of this vulnerability is underlined by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score of 9.8, which is considered critical. As the vulnerability affects versions of Golo up to 1.7.0, a large number of users are at risk. In this post, we will delve into the specifics of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and how it can be mitigated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54725
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Authentication bypass via alternate path or channel
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

uxper Golo | Up to 1.7.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-54725, is rooted in an improper authentication mechanism in uxper Golo. The application fails to adequately validate user credentials during the login process, allowing an attacker to bypass the authentication process by exploiting an alternate path or channel.
This vulnerability essentially allows an attacker to impersonate a legitimate user and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data and system resources. Given the absence of required user interaction or special privileges, the vulnerability can be exploited remotely, which makes it a serious threat to any organization using the affected versions of uxper Golo.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified representation and actual attacks may be more complex.

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "", "alternate_path": "true" }

In the above example, the attacker tries to login with an empty password, but sets the “alternate_path” parameter to true. This would trigger the vulnerability and potentially grant the attacker unauthorized access.

Mitigation Guidance

The immediate solution to preventing the exploitation of this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, or if a patch is not yet available, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attacks. These measures can provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on suspicious activities that may be associated with this vulnerability.
In addition to these measures, organizations are also advised to follow best practices for secure coding and application configuration. This includes implementing proper input validation and sanitization, enforcing strong authentication and access control measures, and regularly updating and patching software.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, one of the most damaging vulnerabilities that can plague a system is SQL Injection. This post will probe into a recently discovered SQL Injection vulnerability, dubbed as CVE-2025-54720, that affects SteelThemes Nest Addons. This vulnerability creates a potential gateway for attackers to compromise systems or instigate data leakage. The affected target is Nest Addons from unknown versions through 1.6.3. The implications of this vulnerability are significant, potentially affecting a wide array of systems that depend on the Nest Addons, making this a critical issue that demands immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54720
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.3
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SteelThemes Nest Addons | Up to and including 1.6.3

How the Exploit Works

This exploit leverages a flaw in the way the SteelThemes Nest Addons handle SQL commands. The vulnerability lies in the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This lack of proper neutralization allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands into the application’s database query. This can lead to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited. This is a simplified representation and actual exploit code may vary:

POST /NestAddons/query HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
id=1; DROP TABLE users

In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint `/NestAddons/query` on `target.example.com`. The malicious payload `id=1; DROP TABLE users` would, if executed by the server, delete the “users” table from the database.

Mitigation and Remediation

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, as a temporary mitigation, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent SQL Injection attempts. Ensure that your system’s security measures are constantly updated and always follow best practices for secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities from arising in the first place.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is continuously evolving, and with it comes an alarming rise in vulnerabilities. One such vulnerability that has come to light recently is CVE-2025-30256. This vulnerability resides in the HTTP Header Parsing functionality of the Tenda AC6 V5.0 V02.03.01.110, a widely used router. The flaw can be exploited to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability and its widespread impact necessitate immediate attention and proactive mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30256
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, Potential System Compromise, and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC6 | V5.0 V02.03.01.110

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by having an attacker send a specially crafted series of HTTP requests to the vulnerable system. These malformed requests trigger a fault in the HTTP Header Parsing functionality of the Tenda AC6 router. The system is unable to handle these malformed requests, leading to a reboot of the system. This reboot can disrupt services and opens an opportunity for further exploitation, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of such a malformed HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 99999999999

In this example, the “Content-Length” header is set to an excessively high value. The system attempts to allocate memory for the incoming data based on the “Content-Length” value. However, the excessive value leads to memory exhaustion, causing the system to reboot.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on suspicious network traffic patterns associated with this vulnerability. These systems can serve as a temporary mitigation measure until the patch can be applied.
Remember, staying updated with patches and employing robust security measures is the first line of defense against such vulnerabilities.