Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49295 is an alarming security issue that affects MediClinic, a product of Mikado-Themes. This vulnerability, a Path Traversal type, allows PHP Local File Inclusion-a serious threat that could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Mikado-Themes MediClinic, this vulnerability could have a significant impact on many systems and needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49295
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mikado-Themes MediClinic | All versions up to and including 2.1

How the Exploit Works

The Path Traversal vulnerability in Mikado-Themes MediClinic allows an attacker to include local files through PHP, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even system compromise. The attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with the “dot-dot-slash (../)” sequences and its variations, leading to access to arbitrary files and directories stored on the system servers.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path-to-mediclinic/?page=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-host.com

In this example, the attacker uses the “../” sequence to escape out of the intended directory and traverse to the /etc/passwd directory, a commonly targeted file in such attacks as it stores user password information on a Linux system.

Mitigation

The most immediate solution to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the longer term, it is also recommended to review code for other potential path traversal vulnerabilities, and to ensure input is properly sanitized and validated to prevent such vulnerabilities from arising in the future.

Overview

In the ever-expanding realm of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has been discovered that poses a significant threat to organizations using Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) and Experience Platform (XP). This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-34509, is a serious security flaw that allows unauthenticated and remote attackers to gain access to the administrative API over HTTP. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage, posing a grave risk to the confidentiality and integrity of an organization’s data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-34509
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.2)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) | 10.1 to 10.1.4 rev. 011974 PRE, all versions of 10.2, 10.3 to 10.3.3 rev. 011967 PRE, and 10.4 to 10.4.1 rev. 011941 PRE
Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) | 10.1 to 10.1.4 rev. 011974 PRE, all versions of 10.2, 10.3 to 10.3.3 rev. 011967 PRE, and 10.4 to 10.4.1 rev. 011941 PRE

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the existence of a hardcoded user account within the Sitecore XM and XP. This hardcoded user account allows unauthenticated users to remotely access the administrative API over HTTP. This type of access can potentially give an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the system, access sensitive data, or even compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a
conceptual
example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an HTTP request:

POST /api/admin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_user",
"password": "hardcoded_password"
}

In the above example, the attacker uses the hardcoded user credentials (`”hardcoded_user”` and `”hardcoded_password”`) to gain unauthorized access to the administrative API. Once authenticated, the attacker can potentially perform administrative tasks, access sensitive data, or compromise the system.
Please note that the above example is purely conceptual and does not represent actual hardcoded credentials or specific API endpoints in Sitecore XM and XP.

Recommendation for Mitigation

Users of the affected versions of Sitecore XM and XP are strongly recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch to resolve this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, organizations can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploit attempts.
Stay safe out there, and always adhere to the best practices of cybersecurity to protect your systems and data.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant vulnerability in WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment, labelled as CVE-2025-48118. This vulnerability affects all versions of Woocommerce Partial Shipment up to and including 3.2. It’s a SQL Injection vulnerability, which means an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary SQL commands on the underlying database, leading to a myriad of potential issues including data theft, data manipulation, and even system compromise.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the widespread use of Woocommerce Partial Shipment, increasing the number of potential targets. SQL Injection vulnerabilities can often lead to severe data breaches, making them a top priority for cybersecurity professionals.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48118
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment | n/a through 3.2

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability in WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries into the application. This is possible due to the software’s improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This means that if an attacker can control the input of these SQL commands, they can manipulate the query to their advantage, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or even executing commands on the host system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /submitOrder HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
orderId=1234'; DROP TABLE Orders; --

In this example, the attacker appends a malicious SQL command to the ‘orderId’ parameter in the HTTP request. As the software does not correctly neutralize special elements, this results in the SQL command ‘DROP TABLE Orders;’ being executed, which deletes the entire ‘Orders’ table from the database.
Remember, this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary based on the specific configuration and usage of the Woocommerce Partial Shipment software.

Mitigation

Users of WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by identifying and blocking SQL injection attempts.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is littered with numerous threats and vulnerabilities, and one of the latest is CVE-2025-49154. This vulnerability affects Trend Micro Apex One and Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security, two popular cybersecurity solutions used by businesses worldwide. The vulnerability is significant due to its potential to allow a local attacker to overwrite key memory-mapped files, which could have grave implications for the security and stability of affected installations. This blog post aims to provide an in-depth understanding of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and recommended mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49154
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex One | All versions prior to the latest patch
Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49154 vulnerability exploits insecure access control mechanisms in Trend Micro Apex One and Worry-Free Business Security. The attacker, having obtained the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system, can overwrite key memory-mapped files. This action can destabilize the system and break down its security defenses, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. It represents a shell command that an attacker could use to overwrite these critical memory-mapped files.

# Gain low-privileged access
$ ssh user@target.example.com
# Navigate to the directory containing the memory-mapped files
$ cd /path/to/memory-mapped/files
# Overwrite a memory-mapped file
$ echo "malicious code" > file_to_be_overwritten

The above steps are a simplified representation of how an attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability. It’s important to note that actual exploit code would likely be more complex and tailored to the specific environment and system configurations.

Mitigation and Remediation

To mitigate this vulnerability, Trend Micro has released patches for Apex One and Worry-Free Business Security. Users of these products are strongly recommended to apply the patches as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-49154 is a serious vulnerability that could have severe implications for affected installations. It’s crucial for users of Trend Micro Apex One and Worry-Free Business Security to apply the vendor-provided patches promptly to protect their systems from potential compromises.

Overview

The world of cybersecurity is vast and intricate, with new vulnerabilities and threats appearing frequently. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-4413, has been identified in the Pixabay Images plugin for WordPress, a popular content management system used by millions of websites worldwide. This vulnerability allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files, enabling potential remote code execution. The vulnerability affects all versions up to, and including, 3.4, and poses a significant risk to any WordPress site using the Pixabay Images plugin.
This vulnerability is of great concern because it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability, with a CVSS score of 8.8, underscores the potential damage an attacker could inflict on a compromised system, making it a priority for immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4413
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Author-level access
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Pixabay Images Plugin for WordPress | up to and including 3.4

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-4413 exploit takes advantage of a missing file type validation in the pixabay_upload function of the Pixabay Images plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site’s server. As a result, an attacker could potentially upload malicious files that, when executed, give them control over the server or allow them to access sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious file upload request:

POST /wp-content/plugins/pixabay-images/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this case, the attacker uploads a PHP file that, when executed, will run any command passed via the ‘cmd’ GET parameter.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continuously evolving with new threats and vulnerabilities being discovered every day. One of the latest vulnerabilities to be identified is CVE-2025-49215, a post-auth SQL injection vulnerability found in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to users and organizations alike, as it could allow an attacker to escalate their privileges on affected installations. This issue is particularly concerning because Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption is widely used across various industries for data protection, thus, a successful exploit could have serious implications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49215
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49215 exploit works by taking advantage of a SQL injection vulnerability in the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must first gain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system. This could be achieved through various means such as phishing attacks, malware, or exploiting other vulnerabilities in the system. Once this is achieved, the attacker can inject malicious SQL code into the system, which when executed, can escalate the attacker’s privileges on the affected installations.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified example and the actual exploit may involve more complex SQL commands:

POST /TrendMicro/EndpointEncryption/PolicyServer HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"policy": "'; DROP TABLE users;--"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload. The payload disguises as a regular policy update but contains a SQL injection (`’; DROP TABLE users;–`). If executed, this could lead to a privilege escalation, potentially giving the attacker full control over the affected system.
Mitigation for this vulnerability involves applying a vendor-provided patch or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. It is highly recommended that users update their Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer to the latest version to protect against this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been thrown into a state of alert following the discovery of a critical vulnerability in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49214, could be exploited post-authentication to remotely execute code on affected installations, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. Given that Trend Micro is a leading cybersecurity solutions provider with a wide user base, this vulnerability carries significant weight and requires swift attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49214
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation could lead to remote code execution, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

At the heart of the vulnerability lies an insecure deserialization operation within the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. Deserialization is the process of converting serialized data back into its original form. If the server doesn’t properly validate or sanitize the serialized data before deserializing it, an attacker can inject malicious code into the serialized object. This data is then deserialized by the server, executing the malicious code within the context of the server’s environment.
This allows an attacker who has the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system to potentially execute arbitrary code remotely. This is a post-authentication vulnerability, meaning the attacker would first need to authenticate themselves with the system before they could exploit the vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious payload:

POST /deserialization-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/serialized-object
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyADdpb25pY2ZyYW1ld29yay5jb3JlLmlvLkV2aWw=" }

In this hypothetical example, the serialized_object contains a Base64-encoded serialized object. This object, when deserialized, could lead to the execution of arbitrary code.
Please note that the above is a conceptual example and not a real exploit code. The actual exploit would depend on many factors, including the specific configurations and versions of the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer.
It is strongly recommended that all users of affected versions of Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

CVE-2025-49847 is a significant vulnerability found in the llama.cpp, a C/C++ implementation of several LLM models. This vulnerability is of high concern due to its potential to allow an attacker to cause arbitrary memory corruption and even execute unauthorized code. This could lead to significant system compromise and data leakage, affecting various applications and services that rely on affected versions of llama.cpp. Given the potential severity of the impact, it’s crucial for organizations to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49847
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

llama.cpp | Prior to version b5662

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the vocabulary-loading code of llama.cpp. Here, a helper function, _try_copy in llama_vocab::impl::token_to_piece(), incorrectly casts a very large size_t token length into an int32_t. This results in the bypassing of the length check (if (length < (int32_t)size)), and memcpy is still called with that oversized size. A malicious GGUF model vocabulary provided by an attacker can take advantage of this to overwrite memory beyond the intended buffer, thereby leading to arbitrary memory corruption and potential unauthorized code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is represented as a pseudocode for an attacker-supplied GGUF model vocabulary with an oversized token.

// Malicious GGUF model vocabulary
std::string malicious_vocab = createOversizedToken();
// Loading malicious vocabulary in llama.cpp
llama_vocab vocab = llama_vocab::load_from_string(malicious_vocab);
// Triggering buffer overflow
vocab.token_to_piece(oversizedToken);

In this example, createOversizedToken() is a function that creates a token larger than int32_t can handle. The oversized token is then loaded into llama.cpp through the load_from_string function, and the buffer overflow is triggered when token_to_piece is called with the oversized token. This could potentially lead to memory corruption and unauthorized code execution.

Overview

CVE-2025-1562 is a critical vulnerability that affects the Recover WooCommerce Cart Abandonment, Newsletter, Email Marketing, Marketing Automation By FunnelKit plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability has a high potential for system compromise and data leakage and is highly likely to be exploited by unauthenticated attackers. All versions of the plugin up to, and including, 3.5.3 are at risk. The vulnerability matters because it exposes the WordPress site to potential device compromises and data breaches that can result in reputational damage, financial loss, and legal repercussions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1562
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized arbitrary plugin installation leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Recover WooCommerce Cart Abandonment, Newsletter, Email Marketing, Marketing Automation By FunnelKit Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.5.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a missing capability check in the install_or_activate_addon_plugins() function and a weak nonce hash. An attacker can leverage these weaknesses to install arbitrary plugins on the site without any authentication. These installed plugins can be used as a gateway to infect the website further.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability through an HTTP request similar to the following:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=funnelkit_go_install_addon_plugins HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
plugin=malicious_plugin_slug

In this example, “malicious_plugin_slug” refers to the slug of the arbitrary plugin the attacker wants to install. This slug is usually the name of the plugin as found in the WordPress Plugin Directory.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It is also advisable to regularly update all WordPress plugins and monitor the site for unusual activities.

Overview

This blog post is dedicated to elaborating upon a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-49825, which affects the Teleport Community Edition versions up to and including 17.5.1. Teleport is a popular platform that offers connectivity, authentication, access controls, and audit for infrastructure. The vulnerability in question enables an attacker to bypass the remote authentication process, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it’s crucial for administrators and security professionals to understand the nature of this threat, its potential impacts, and the mitigation techniques necessary to defend against it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49825
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Teleport Community Edition | Up to and including 17.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-49825, is a design flaw in the authentication process of the affected Teleport versions. It enables an attacker to bypass the regular authentication process by modifying specific parameters within the network communication. As a result, the attacker can gain unauthorized access to system resources, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is for illustrative purposes only and doesn’t represent an actual exploit.

POST /teleport/authentication HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user": "any_user", "password": "any_password", "bypass": "true" }

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the Teleport authentication endpoint, with the “bypass” parameter set to “true. By doing so, the attacker could potentially bypass the authentication process and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation and Prevention

At the time of writing, there is no available open-source patch for this vulnerability. However, the following steps are recommended for mitigation:
1. Apply the vendor patch: The vendor has released a proprietary patch to address this vulnerability. Users are advised to apply this patch as soon as possible.
2. Use WAF/IDS: In the absence of a patch, or as an additional layer of security, it is advisable to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can detect and block malicious traffic, thereby serving as a temporary mitigation.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-49825 represents a significant threat to systems running vulnerable versions of Teleport. It is crucial that administrators take immediate action to mitigate this vulnerability.